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Objective: To describe and compare the characteristics of women with placenta accreta spectrum (PAS) and their pregnancy outcomes according to the presence of placenta praevia and a prior caesarean section. Design: Prospective population‐based study. Setting: All 176 maternity hospitals of eight French regions. Population: Two hundred and forty‐nine women with PAS, from a source population of 520 114 deliveries. Methods: Women with PAS were classified into two risk‐profile groups, with or without the high‐risk combination of placenta praevia (or an anterior low‐lying placenta) and at least one prior caesarean. These two groups were described and compared. Main outcome measures: Population‐based incidence of PAS, characteristics of women, pregnancies, deliveries and pregnancy outcomes. Results: The PAS population‐based incidence was 4.8/10 000 (95% CI 4.2–5.4/10 000). After exclusion of women lost to follow up from the analysis, the group with placenta praevia and a prior caesarean included 115 (48%) women and the group without this combination included 127 (52%). In the group with both factors, PAS was more often suspected antenatally (77% versus 17%; P < 0.001) and more often percreta (38% versus 5%; P < 0.001). This group also had more hysterectomies (53% versus 21%, P < 0.001) and higher rates of blood product transfusions, maternal complications, preterm births and neonatal intensive care unit admissions. Sensitivity analysis showed similar results after exclusion of women who delivered vaginally. Conclusion: More than half the cases of PAS occurred in women without the combination of placenta praevia and a prior caesarean delivery, and these women had better maternal and neonatal outcomes. We cannot completely rule out that some of the women who delivered vaginally had placental retention rather than PAS; however, we found similar results among women who delivered by caesarean. Half the women with PAS do not have both placenta praevia and a prior caesarean delivery, and they have better maternal outcomes. Half the women with PAS do not have both placenta praevia and a prior caesarean delivery, and they have better maternal outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Morbidity in fetuses affected by gastroschisis is mainly the result of bowel ischaemic and inflammatory processes. Experimental studies on animal models show that clearing amniotic fluid from the digestive secretions by amnioexchange procedures reduces the inflammatory process. We evaluated the benefit of the amnioexchange procedure for fetal gastroschisis in humans.Design: Prospective, interventional, randomised study.Setting: Eight referral centres for fetal medicine.Population: Pregnant women carrying a fetus with gastroschisis.Methods: We compared, in utero, amnioexchange with a sham procedure. The protocol included, in both arms, steroid injections at 30 weeks of gestation and the use of postnatal minimal enteral feeding.Main Outcome Measures: The primary outcome was a composite variable based on the duration of ventilation and parenteral nutrition. Secondary outcomes were the effectiveness and safety of the amnioexchange procedure, including the rate of perinatal death, time to full enteral feeding, primary closure, and late feeding disorders.Results: Sixty-four patients were randomised. There was no difference in the composite criteria between the amnioexchange and control groups. Based on an intention-to-treat analysis, there were no significant between-group differences in pregnancy outcome or complications. When studying the relationship between digestive compounds and amniotic fluid inflammatory markers, a clear correlation was found between bile acid and both ferritin and interleukin 1β (IL1β).Conclusions: In humans, amnioexchange, as described in our protocol, is not an option for fetal care; however, we provide supplementary proof of the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenicity of gastroschisis and suggest that future research should aim at reducing inflammation. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00127946.Tweetable Abstract: A prospective, interventional, randomised study shows no benefit of amnioexchange for fetal gastroschisis in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Morbidity in fetuses affected by gastroschisis is mainly the result of bowel ischaemic and inflammatory processes. Experimental studies on animal models show that clearing amniotic fluid from the digestive secretions by amnioexchange procedures reduces the inflammatory process. We evaluated the benefit of the amnioexchange procedure for fetal gastroschisis in humans. Design: Prospective, interventional, randomised study. Setting: Eight referral centres for fetal medicine. Population: Pregnant women carrying a fetus with gastroschisis. Methods: We compared, in utero, amnioexchange with a sham procedure. The protocol included, in both arms, steroid injections at 30 weeks of gestation and the use of postnatal minimal enteral feeding. Main outcome measures: The primary outcome was a composite variable based on the duration of ventilation and parenteral nutrition. Secondary outcomes were the effectiveness and safety of the amnioexchange procedure, including the rate of perinatal death, time to full enteral feeding, primary closure, and late feeding disorders. Results: Sixty‐four patients were randomised. There was no difference in the composite criteria between the amnioexchange and control groups. Based on an intention‐to‐treat analysis, there were no significant between‐group differences in pregnancy outcome or complications. When studying the relationship between digestive compounds and amniotic fluid inflammatory markers, a clear correlation was found between bile acid and both ferritin and interleukin 1β (IL1β). Conclusions: In humans, amnioexchange, as described in our protocol, is not an option for fetal care; however, we provide supplementary proof of the involvement of inflammation in the pathogenicity of gastroschisis and suggest that future research should aim at reducing inflammation. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT00127946. A prospective, interventional, randomised study shows no benefit of amnioexchange for fetal gastroschisis in humans. A prospective, interventional, randomised study shows no benefit of amnioexchange for fetal gastroschisis in humans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]