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Background Congenital microcephaly has been linked to maternal Zika virus infection. However, ascertaining infants diagnosed with microcephaly can be challenging. Methods Thirty birth defects surveillance programs provided data on infants diagnosed with microcephaly born 2009 to 2013. The pooled prevalence of microcephaly per 10,000 live births was estimated overall and by maternal/infant characteristics. Variation in prevalence was examined across case finding methods. Nine programs provided data on head circumference and conditions potentially contributing to microcephaly. Results The pooled prevalence of microcephaly was 8.7 per 10,000 live births. Median prevalence (per 10,000 live births) was similar among programs using active (6.7) and passive (6.6) methods; the interdecile range of prevalence estimates was wider among programs using passive methods for all race/ethnicity categories except Hispanic. Prevalence (per 10,000 live births) was lowest among non-Hispanic Whites (6.5) and highest among non-Hispanic Blacks and Hispanics (11.2 and 11.9, respectively); estimates followed a U-shaped distribution by maternal age with the highest prevalence among mothers

Major structural birth defects collectively affect 3 to 5% of births in the United States and contribute substantially to mortality and morbidity (CDC, 2008; TDSHS, 2015). Since 2000, the National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) has annually published state-specific data for selected major birth defects affecting a range of organ systems, including central nervous, eye, ear, cardiovascular, orofacial, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal, as well as chromosomal and other conditions, such as amniotic bands. While the NBPDN list of birth defects had remained relatively unchanged for two decades, it was recently revised and released with the 2014 NBDPN Annual Report (Mai et al., 2014). Several factors necessitated an in-depth examination of the list of conditions: (1) development of national data quality standards for birth defects surveillance in the United States; (2) transition of the diagnostic coding system from the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification (ICD-9-CM) to ICD-10-CM; and (3) inclusion of newborn screening for critical congenital heart defects (CCHD), with 12 primary and secondary CCHD targets, on the national Recommended Uniform Screening Panel. The revision process included a review of each condition in relation to its public health importance, state of current knowledge, and clinical factors, such as accuracy of diagnosis within a child’s first year of life. Table 1 presents the revised list of birth defects and their diagnostic codes [ICD-9-CM and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/British Pediatric Association Classification of Diseases (CDC/BPA)]. TABLE 1 National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) List of Reported Birth Defects by Disease Classification Codes

© 2014 The Authors Birth Defects Research Part A: Clinical and Molecular Teratology Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

The annual National Birth Defects Prevention Network (NBDPN) Congenital Malformations Surveillance Report includes state-level data on major birth defects (i.e., conditions present at birth that cause adverse structural changes in one or more parts of the body) and a directory of population-based birth defects surveillance systems in the United States. Beginning in 2012, these annually updated data and directory information are available in an electronic format accompanied by a data brief. This year’s report includes data from 41 population-based birth defects surveillance programs and a data brief highlighting the more common trisomy conditions (i.e., disorders characterized by an additional chromosome): trisomy 21 (commonly referred to as Down syndrome), trisomy 18, and trisomy 13. State-Specific Data Collection and Presentation for Selected Birth Defects Data collection The NBDPN Data Committee, in collaboration with the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), invited population-based birth defects surveillance programs in the United States to submit data on major birth defects affecting central nervous, eye, ear, cardiovascular, orofacial, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and musculoskeletal systems, as well as trisomies, amniotic bands, and fetal alcohol syndrome. Table 1 lists these 47 conditions and their diagnostic codes (International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification [ICD-9-CM]; and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention/British Pediatric Association Classification of Diseases [CDC/BPA]). Table 1 ICD-9-CM and CDC/BPA Codes for 47 Birth Defects Reported in the NBDPN Annual Report Participating state birth defects programs provided counts of all cases of the birth defects listed in Table 1 as well as counts of live births and male live births in their catchment areas for births occurring from January 1, 2006 through December 31, 2010. The cases for all defects were reported by maternal census race/ethnic categories: White non-Hispanic, Black/African-American non-Hispanic, Hispanic, Asian/Pacific Islander non-Hispanic, American Indian/Alaska Native non-Hispanic. Additionally, trisomy cases were provided by six categories of maternal age at delivery: less than 20 years, 20 to 24 years, 25 to 29 years, 30 to 34 years, 35 to 39 years, and 40+ years.