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Countries and cultures differ in their approach to childbirth, as well as in their research practices. This paper examines 10 surveys of women's reports of their labor and birth in seven countries spanning North America and Western Europe and Eastern Europe. Similarities and differences in practice are highlighted, and the methodological difficulties of conducting research in cross-cultural settings are examined. This paper discusses innovative and culturally unique perinatal practices that are not revealed by such surveys and stresses the importance of sharing such ideas globally. ( BIRTH 39:4 December 2012) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: An educational program for professionals in maternal and child health care in St. Petersburg, Russian Federation, was conducted between 1994 and 1997. Methods: The program was designed to provide 12 workshops in evidence-based antenatal and intrapartum care, and appropriate preparation of parents for pregnancy, birth, and parenthood for health care professionals in the city. Results: Observations on the quality of maternity care service provided for women at the start and after the completion of the intervention program are reported. Significant changes occurred in maternity care practices during the period in which training programs were offered in St. Petersburg. In particular, more family centered care services were introduced, and breastfeeding practices improved. Significant reductions in maternal and perinatal mortality occurred. Conclusions: Most maternity hospitals showed a reduction in the use of interventions in delivery over the period of study, although one or two showed tendencies to follow in their Western counterparts' footsteps, including the emergence of a high cesarean delivery rate. This is not yet a cause for concern, but is worth future monitoring by local authorities. (BIRTH 25:2 June 1998). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]