1. Activation of blood coagulation in cancer: implications for tumour progression
- Author
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Luize G. Lima and Robson Q. Monteiro
- Subjects
MV, microvesicle ,Cell ,lcsh:Life ,lcsh:QR1-502 ,Review Article ,Biochemistry ,Trousseau’s syndrome ,lcsh:Microbiology ,Metastasis ,NET, neutrophil extracellular trap ,Neoplasms ,Neoplasm Metastasis ,Receptor ,FIX, factor IX ,PS, phosphatidylserine ,Thrombosis ,VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor ,Blood Coagulation Factors ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Coagulation ,FVIIa, factor VIIa ,Disease Progression ,MMP, matrix metalloprotease ,FX, factor X ,NK, natural killer ,protease-activated receptor ,S1 ,Biophysics ,Antineoplastic Agents ,Biology ,blood coagulation ,Tissue factor ,medicine ,Animals ,Humans ,metastasis ,Molecular Biology ,tumour growth ,Cancer ,Anticoagulants ,Cell Biology ,FVIII, factor VIII ,medicine.disease ,tissue factor ,Microvesicles ,lcsh:QH501-531 ,Immunology ,TF, tissue factor ,Cancer research ,PAR, protease-activated receptor - Abstract
Several studies have suggested a role for blood coagulation proteins in tumour progression. Herein, we discuss (1) the activation of the blood clotting cascade in the tumour microenvironment and its impact on primary tumour growth; (2) the intravascular activation of blood coagulation and its impact on tumour metastasis and cancer-associated thrombosis; and (3) antitumour therapies that target blood-coagulation-associated proteins. Expression levels of the clotting initiator protein TF (tissue factor) have been correlated with tumour cell aggressiveness. Simultaneous TF expression and PS (phosphatidylserine) exposure by tumour cells promote the extravascular activation of blood coagulation. The generation of blood coagulation enzymes in the tumour microenvironment may trigger the activation of PARs (protease-activated receptors). In particular, PAR1 and PAR2 have been associated with many aspects of tumour biology. The procoagulant activity of circulating tumour cells favours metastasis, whereas the release of TF-bearing MVs (microvesicles) into the circulation has been correlated with cancer-associated thrombosis. Given the role of coagulation proteins in tumour progression, it has been proposed that they could be targets for the development of new antitumour therapies.
- Published
- 2013