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Excessive uric acid production, which causes gout and hyperuricemia, can be blocked by inhibiting xanthine oxidase (XO). However, some agents to block on XO often cause side effects, thereby necessitating the identification of new inhibitors. During the screening of XO inhibitors from various mushroom extracts, we found that a methanolic extract of the fruiting bodies of Tyromyces fissilis, an inedible and non-toxic fungus, showed inhibitory activity. Both n-hexane and ethyl acetate layers, obtained by partitioning this extract exhibited XO inhibitory activity. Subsequently, using an activity-guided separation method, eight active compounds (1–8) were isolated. The structures of five of the new compounds, 2–4, 6, and 7, were elucidated by spectral analysis and chemical derivatization. All compounds had a salicylic acid moiety with an aliphatic group at the C-6 position. Notably, 2-hydroxy-6-pentadecylbenzoic acid (1) showed the highest level of XO noncompetitive inhibition (58.9 ± 2.2% at 25 µM). Compounds 2–4, 6, and 7 newly isolated from the fruiting bodies of Tyromyces fissilis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the discovery of a novel monoterpene glucoside by researchers from Osaka, Japan. Isolation of the monoterpene glucoside from a methanol extract of the dried aerial parts of thyme; Use of thyme both as food additive and a folk medicine to treat various illnesses; Elucidation on the structure of the novel monoterpene glucosides.

Details the isolation of three brasiliamide congeners, brasiliamides C, D and E, from okara fermented with Penicillium brasilianum Batista JV-379. Evidence that both brasiliamides C and D showed convulsive activity against silkworms with an ED[sub 50] value of 400/mug/g of diet, whereas brasiliamide E showed less activity than the others; Fermentation , extraction and preliminary separation; Structural determination of brasiliamide C.

The article presents a study on the inhibitory activities of the gallate esters of n-alkanols (C1-C12) against hyaluronidase and collagenase. It states that the hexyl, heptyl, and octyl gallates were found to inhibit both hyaluronidase and collagenase while octyl gallate is found to be the most potent inhibitor against the two enzymes. It also shows that octyl 3,5-dihydroxybenzoate has inhibited hyaluronidase and octyl 3,4-dihydroxybenzoate has inhibited collegenase.

The article focuses on the characterization of a corrinoid compound in the edible algae, Suizenji-nori. The Suizenji-nori contained 143.8±22.4μ gram of vitamin B12 per 110 gram dry weight of the algae. A corrinoid compound was purified from the dried Suizenji-nori and partially characterized. Furthermore, the silica gel 60 TLC and reversed phase of HPLC patterns of the purified corrinoid compound were identical to fake vitamin B12, but not to real one.

Focuses on the isolation and identification of the aldose reductase inhibitor 8-hydroxydaidzein from a methanolic extract of okara fermented with the fungal strain Aspergillus species HK-388. Inhibition of human recombinant aldose reductase; Increase in polyol pathway flux under the condition of hyperglycemia; Conduct of aldose reductase assay.