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Cholesterol in quail meat is one of the factors causing consumers to control consumption of quail meat. On the other hand, the antioxidant content in quail meat could attracts the consumers. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum sp.) bark and gotu kola (Centella asiatica) leaves are medicinal plants that contain many polyphenol compounds. The objective of this study was to obtain the most optimum formula made from cinnamon and gotu kola as a feed supplement to produce the quail meat which has low cholesterol but rich in antioxidants. This study used a completely randomized design which consisting of six groups with three replications. The six groups included one control (P0), 5 treatments consisted of 5% cinnamon (P1), 5% gotu kola (P2), combination of cinnamon and gotu kola powder with ratio 5%:5% (P3), 5%:10% (P4) and 10%:5% (P5). The results showed that food supplements made from cinnamon bark and gotu kola leaves could increase the body weight, antioxidant levels, and reduce cholesterol levels in quail meat. Cinnamon as feed supplement with a concentration of 5% or a combination of cinnamon and gotu kola with a ratio of 5%: 10% provided the best effect on antioxidants and cholesterol level in meat. The use of cinnamon and gotu kola supplementation to produce high antioxidant and low cholesterol of quail met have not studied yet. The result of the study would be beneficial for developing the healthy, safe and good quality of quail meat.

Physiological stress for a long time can lead to impaired kidney organ function. Snakehead fish meat are known to contain important nutrients such as albumin, glutamine, glycine, cysteine, and various minerals that can improve kidney function. This study was conducted to examine and analyze the effect of snakehead fish supplementation in feed towards body weight, kidney weight, diameter and number of glomerulus in Wistar rats with physiological stress. This study used 20 male Wistar rats divided into 5 groups consisted of 1 control group (P0) and 4 treatment groups (P1: 5%, P2: 10%, P3: 15%, P4: 20%). The treatments were performed with 4 times repetition. This study used Completely Randomized Design (CRD). The variables measured were body weight, kidney weight, diameter and number of renal glomerulus. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level and continued with Duncan test with 5% significance level. The results of this study were: the supplementation of snakehead fish with 20% of concentration can increase the body weight; concentration 10; 15; and 20% can increase the weight of the kidney; concentrations of 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% can increase the glomerular diameter in Wistar rats with physiological stress. The supplementation of snakehead fish with concentration of 5% to 20% did not affect the number of glomerulus of Wistar rats with physiological stress. Results of this study is useful as information for people who study the mechanism of kidney repair due to physiological stress.

Physiological stress due to nutritional deficiency accompanied by excessive activity can cause problems of energy deficiency required by the body. Energy shortage can affect the body weight, as well as the weight and histology of the liver. This study was conducted to examine and analyze the effect of snakehead fish meat supplementation in feed toward body weight, weight and hepatic histology in animals experiencing physiological stress. This study used 20 male Wistar rats consisting of 5 treatments with 4 replications. The treatment in this study consisted of control (P0) and treatment (P1: 5%, P2: 10%, P3: 15%, P4: 20%) groups. This research used Completely Randomized Design (RAL). The variables measured in this study were body weight, hepatic weight, central venous diameter and hepatocytes in the test animals. The data obtained were analyzed using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) at 5% significance level and continued with Duncan test with 5% significance. The result of data analysis showed that fish snakehead fish supplementation in feed gave a significant effect to body weight, weight and histology of animal liver. Concentrations of snakehead fish supplements can increase the body weight, hepatic weight, and hepatic histology which was indicated by higher central venous and hepatocyte diameter values compared to other controls and treatments. The conclusion of this research is the provision of snakehead fish supplement (Channia striata) can increase the body weight, hepatic weight, central venous and hepatocytes diameter of Wistar rats with the most influential concentration of 20%. This evidence is useful in studying the mechanism of liver repair due to stress

Anthrax is a deadly disease caused by Bacillus antracis that damages the lymphatic and vascular systems of animals and humans. Anthrax prevention in Indonesia has been done but has many shortcomings among them is a lot of dead animal raises after vaccination and relatively expensive. The azadirachtin bioactive compound produced by neem endophytic microbes is known to inhibit the growth of B. anthracis bacteria, thus potentially as an anti-anthrax agent. Other bacteria that have the same pathogens as B. antrachis are Methycillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) so that it is used as a research object. The aim of this research is to obtain the active biomaterials from selected neem leaf endophytes to be tested in S. aureus MRSA as bacteria with Anthrax pathogens. The method used in this research is the isolation, selection, and extraction of Neem endophytes. The process of isolation is done by growing on the general media and the selection process on special media. The bioactive extraction process uses 1000 rpm centrifuge and screening on MRSA culture medium. Inhibitory zone tests were used to determine the effect of endophytic biopsy in inhibiting MRSA growth. The result of the research is that the bioactive endophytes of neem are able to inhibit MRSA growth which is characterized by the formation of drag zone around the endophytic bioactive. Thus it can be concluded that the use of neem endophytes can be a new solution to eradicate the presence of anthrax disease in the livestock and people in Indonesia with safe research methods, relatively inexpensive and ineffective vaccine replacements.

Wound healing in hyperglycemia patients is still a challenge in the medical field. Bioactive compounds of binahong leaf extract can support the wound healing process. Nanoencapsulation of the extract can avoid oxidation and optimize drug delivery to target tissues. This study aimed to analyze the effect of nanochitosan encapsulated binahong extract ointment (NEBE/Oint) on the percentage of wound healing, angiogenesis, collagen density, and epithelial thickness in hyperglycemic rats. This study used 80 mg/kg streptozotocin-induced hyperglycemia rats injured in the back area. Rats were divided into P0 (0,9% NaCl), P1 (10% povidone-iodine ointment (PI/Oint)), P2 (10% NEBE/Oint), P3 (20% NEBE/Oint), P4 (30% NEBE/Oint). Phytochemical screening of binahong leaves extract showed positive results for flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, and tannins. NEBE particle size was 169 nm with a size distribution of 0.2 and a zeta potential value of -40,2 mV. The results showed NEBE ointment had a significant effect when compared with negative control on wound healing hyperglycemic rats. The conclusion is that nanochitosan drug delivery has the potential as an alternative wound treatment. The novelty of this study is the use of nanochitosan to accelerate wound healing in hyperglycemic rats. The results of this study are expected to become a reference for new wound-healing methods in the medical field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spirulina is a species of blue green algae that contains many phenolic compounds, phytonutrients and pigments which have potential as a feed additives to improve the physical and chemical quality of eggs. The present study evaluated the effect of spirulina flour-based feed additive supplementation during the late growth to the early egg-laying period on Tegal-laying ducks' physical and chemical egg quality. A total of 25 ducks were randomly divided into 5 treatments; the control group treated with standard feed (P0), P1, P2, P3, and P4 were treated with standard feed supplemented by spirulina flour-based feed additive at concentrations of 0.3%, 0.6%,1.2%, and 2.4%, respectively for four weeks. Physical quality indicators included the Haugh unit, yolk index, weight measurements, eggshell thickness, and shape index. Chemical quality indicators assessed albumen protein content, egg yolk cholesterol, and -carotene levels. This research revealed that spirulina flour, added at concentrations between 0.30% and 2.40%, significantly enhanced the egg quality of Tegal-laying ducks compared to the control group. This study concludes that spirulina flour can be used as a feed additive to improve the physical and chemical quality of Tegal-laying ducks’ egg. The novelty of this research is spirulina flour has the potential to be used as a feed additive to increases the albumen protein levels, increases -carotene, and reduces egg yolk cholesterol in eggs of Tegal-laying ducks. Spirulina flour can be a potential source of feed additive for various other local ducks in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world is facing the challenge of the COVID-19 disease, which is now stated as a pandemic. Inside the host cell, spike envelope protein (spike) of SARS-CoV-2 interact with the Angiotensin-converting Enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. It can be inhibited by bioactive compounds such as flavonoids which have anti-viral and broad pharmacological effect. This study aimed to determine the spike protein inhibitory activity by quercetin against the ACE2 receptor using the molecular docking method. This study focused on the inhibitory of the penetration activity of s proteins in ACE2 by utilizing natural material compounds that have the potential to be used as anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development agents. The flavonoid compound quercetin was extracted by the maceration method. The quantitative analysis was carried out using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer to prove the presence of quercetin content. Molecular docking simulations were carried out to look for the binding affinity between the spike protein and quercetin. Docking was carried out using the Autodock, PyRx, and visualization using Discovery Studio. Indicators that prove that quercetin forms binding affinity and protein complexes with spikes are the Vina Score and RMSD. It is also supported by ADME analysis and conformity to Lipinski's rules of five. That matter becomes a success indicator of the spike activity inhibition by quercetin, which makes it possible to be used as an anti-SARS-CoV-2 drug development agent. The novelty from this study is molecular docking method that used to show that quercetin in red onion had inhibitory activity on the penetration process of protein spike in SARS-CoV-2. Results obtained from this study can be used as a recommendation for advanced research in invitro and invivo studies as a drug which has potential to inhibit protein spike of SARSCoV-2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analytical thinking is a fundamental skill in education and which needs to be developed. This research would describe the effectiveness of process-oriented guided ınquiry learning (POGIL) to improve students’ analytical thinking skills on the topic of excretory system. This study used Research and Development (R&D) design. It was conducted on the 11th grade students of senior high school in Ngawi, East Java in 2017/2018 academic year with one group pre-test and post-test design. The data collection techniques used were validation, observation, and test. The data were analyzed descriptively, whereby the analysis result was tested with the Gain test. The result showed that the students’ analytical thinking skills was significantly increased as stated by the N-gain score. In control class, there were 2 students (6.7%) whose N-gain score was in the low category, 25 students (83.3%) whose N-gain score was in the medium category, and 3 students (10%) whose N-gain score was in the high category. In the experimental class, there were 21 students (70%) who got N-gain score in the medium category, and 9 students (30%) who got N-gain score in the high category. The results of this research showed that the students analytical thinking skills were different after the implementation of POGIL method. Therefore, it could be concluded that the POGIL was effective to improve students’ analytical thinking skills on the excretory system in senior high school. The information obtained from this research can be used as a tool to improve students’ analytical thinking skills.