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Bast fiber from paper-mulberry (Broussonetia papyrifera) has long been utilized for handmade paper in Asia, serving as a prominent non-wood cellulose material. When restoring paper cultural assets, selecting a similar paper to the original ensures longevity and prevents deterioration issues like warping or tearing. The production of handmade paper involves several processes, including refining, steaming, and bleaching of raw materials. Once formed into sheets, the physical properties of the paper are dictated by these materials and remain unchanged unless the paper is newly made. Handmade paper production is labor-intensive and timeconsuming, emphasizing the need for careful raw material selection to match desired characteristics. This study evaluated the dendrological, morphological, anatomical, and chemical compositions of three papermulberry wood types cultivated in Korea and inferred their suitability as pulp for papermaking or repair of archival paper specimens. Papermulberry wood showed differences in fiber length according to molecular phylogenetic characteristics, but there were no differences in anatomical characteristics owing to the immaturity of the wood. This study investigated the characteristics of the bast fibers from the bark of papermulberry trees with different genetic traits to identify favorable factors likely to affect the pulp and papermaking process and paper quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the optimization of formamidine sulfinic acid (FAS) and hydrogen peroxide (P) bleaching stages of pre-bleached blue, red, yellow, green, and mixed colored office papers was investigated. The FAS was performed as a strong color stripping reagent on blue and green colored samples. However, due to reduced amine compounds FAS was not found to be effective on the red colored samples. In contrast, effective results were obtained with hydrogen peroxide on the red and yellow colored samples. These results showed that the two reagents must be used together in a sequence. Therefore, in this study, FASP and PFAS bleaching sequences were also investigated and the optical properties (absorbance (k/s) spectra, CIE L*a*b* color values, and ISO brightness) of these sequences were compared. The color differences (CIE ΔE) of FASP and PFAS bleaching sequences of the mixed colored samples were calculated as 18.2% and 16.1%, respectively. The FASP bleaching sequence was determined to be more effective than the PFAS sequence for the bleaching of all samples. As a result, this study showed that FAS, a strong reducing agent, and hydrogen peroxide, an effective oxidative decolorizer, can be used together to obtain white writing papers from waste direct dye colored office papers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hydrogen peroxide was applied to bleach recycled de-inked pulp from old newspaper (ONP) in this study. Following single-stage bleaching, the fiber properties of the pulp (viz. brightness, yield, fiber length, fiber charge, and strength properties) were determined. Finally, the crystal structure of cellulose, fiber surface morphology, and functional groups of the control pulp and the bleached pulp using hydrogen peroxide were analyzed by XRD, SEM, and FT-IR, respectively. The single-stage peroxide bleaching applied to the de-inked ONP pulp could produce a high brightness pulp of 58% ISO at a yield of 92%. Fiber length decreased after bleaching treatment. The crystallinity index of cellulose of de-inked ONP pulp during bleaching or rinsing treatment increased due to the dissolution of cellulose in amorphous regions and/or the dissolution or loss of non-cellulosic constituents (hemicelluloses and lignin). Hydrogen peroxide bleaching resulted in fibrillation and longitudinal tearing of the fiber surface due to delignification, which led to an increase in the paper strength. FT-IR data showed that the content of carboxylic acid groups decreased during peroxide bleaching. The main chromophore (conjugated carbonyl groups) and the guaiacyl units of the pulp were damaged after bleaching resulting in delignification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canola straw can be used as a raw material for the production of chemimechanical pulp (CMP). In this work, chemimechanical pulp was first produced from canola straw, and then the bleaching performance of the produced chemimechanical pulp was investigated under different conditions (dosages of NaOH and Na2SO3, time, and temperature). The results showed that the yield of chemical pretreatment in the CMP process varied between 57.6% and 64.9%, while the total yield of the process was between 54.1% and 61.9%. Subsequently, the CMP pulp produced via applying 4% NaOH and 8% Na2SO3 at 145 °C for 15 min was bleached with H2O2. The results showed that pulps bleached via applying one stage of 3% H2O2, 3% NaOH, 6% sodium silicate, 0.5% MgSO4, and 0.3% DTPA for 150 min possessed the highest brightness of 60.8% ISO, which is suitable for container board production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A spectrophotometric method for the determination of hydrogen peroxide in pulp bleaching effluents is reported. The method is based on hydrogen peroxide instantly reacting with vanadium pentoxide in sulfuric acid solution, forming a peroxovanadate complex that has an absorption maximum at 454 nm. It was found that the optimum conditions were as follows: detection wavelength of 454 nm, a V2O5:H2O2 mole ratio of 2.2, and a sulfuric acid concentration of 0.5 mol/L. In order to eliminate the interference from dissolved lignin, fines, and suspended solids, the samples were acidified and centrifuged for spectroscopic quantification. The results showed that the method has an excellent measurement precision (RSD < 0.3%) and accuracy for the quantification of hydrogen peroxide content in pulp bleaching effluents. The present method is simple and accurate, making it suitable for applications in the pulp and paper industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Conventional bleaching of hardwood CMP pulp with magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2) show significant benefits over bleaching with sodium hydroxide (NaOH) under various conditions. Magnesium hydroxide bleaching generate higher optical properties, higher pulp yield and lower effluent COD at the same chemical charge, but the physical properties were found to be similar for both processes. The initial freeness of the bleached pulps and refining value to reach a target freeness (about 350 ml. CSF) were more for the Mg(OH)2-based process. The residual peroxide of filtrate from the Mg(OH)2-based process was very high as compared to conventional bleaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]