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This study identified the wood species and evaluated the weathering and biological degradation of historical timber from a traditional Turkish house in Konuralp, Türkiye. The wood material was obtained from the floorboards, window frames, cabinets, cripple studs, ceiling boards, and joists. The species were identified as Pinus spp. for the cabinet, window frame, and cripple stud, Abies spp. for the floorboards, Populus spp. for the ceiling boards, and Quercus spp. for the joist. The macroscopic observation revealed multiple types of degradation caused by weathering, fungi, and insect attacks. The cripple studs made of pine and the floorboards made of fir had become completely unusable due to insect damage. Relatively less biological damage was observed on the cabinet made of pine wood and the ceiling boards made of poplar wood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anatolian chestnut wood is an industrial material used in various indoor and outdoor applications in Turkey. This study investigated the effects of artificial weathering (times: 144, 288, 432, and 576 h) conditions on color parameters (L*, ∆L*, a*, ∆a*, b*, ∆b*, ∆E*, h o, ∆H*, C*, and ∆C*), glossiness values at 60° in different directions (║ and ⊥), pendulum hardness (König method) values, and surface adhesion strength (pull-off method, MPa) on the layers of yacht varnishes applied to Anatolian chestnut (Castanea sativa Mill.) wood. The results showed that the univariate analysis of variance was significant by obtaining the weathering factor for all tests. While the brightness values perpendicular (⊥) and parallel (║) to the fibers increased at 144 and 288 h, they decreased at 432 and 576 h. Adhesion strength to the surface decreased 4.35% at the 576th h of weathering. At the end of weathering, a*, C*, b*, and pendulum hardness values increased, while h o and L* values decreased compared to un-weathered samples. The ∆a* and ∆E* values increased with increased weathering time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sapele, pine, limba, iroko, beech, and oak wood species are important species used indoors and outdoors, as supplied by furniture companies. It is known that the color changes in wood material when exposed to the external environment. This is an important factor for the outdoor use of wood material. In this study, the color parameters of Scotch pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), oriental beech (Fagus orientalis L.), limba (Terminalia superba Engl. et Diels), sapele (Entandrophragma cylindricum), sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.), and iroko (Milicia excelsa) wood species, which are used in both indoor and outdoor woodworking industries in Van city, Turkey were investigated after exposing them to natural weather conditions for 9 months in outdoor conditions. Each type of wood exhibited a different color behavior in outdoor conditions. In sapele and limba wood species, b* and a* values increased and L* values decreased with increasing weathering time. It was observed that ∆E* increased with increasing time of exposure in all tree species. At the end of 9 months of weathering, the highest ∆E* value was determined in pine wood, followed by beech, sapele, limba, iroko, and oak wood species, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dissipation spectrometry, dimensional stability, and compressive strength tests were conducted parallel to the fibers on various heat-treated trees, i.e., narrowleaved ash (Fraxinus angustifolia Vahl), aspen (Populus tremula L.), Oriental spruce (Picea orientalis (L.) Link.), and Uludağ fir (Abies bornmüelleriana Mattf.), which grow naturally in forests in Turkey. Panels made from these trees were first heat treated via the ThermoWood® method, producing ThermoWood® panels. Then, FTIR, as well as energy dissipation spectrometry analysis, dimensional stability, and compressive strength tests were performed on test samples prepared from the panels. The FTIR data showed that the hemicelluloses were degraded in the ThermoWood® test samples and the proportion of cellulose increased. The energy dissipation spectrometry results showed that the amount of carbon increased, the amount of oxygen decreased, while the amount of hydrogen remained approximately the same in the ThermoWood® panels compared to the control samples. It was determined that the proportion of silicon increased in the narrow-leaved ash panels. In addition, among the physical properties, the amount of shrinkage and swelling decreased in all the tested ThermoWood® panels compared to the control samples, whereas the compressive strength values, which are considered a mechanical property, increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of different circular saws on surface roughness were determined for heat-treated wood, including Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.), eastern beech (Fagus orientalis L.), Uludag fir (Abies bornmülleriana Mattf.), and sessile oak (Quercus petraea L.), which are used commonly in Turkey. Samples were heat-treated for 3, 5, or 7 hours at 140 or 160ºC, and cut with circular saws with 28, 48, 60, 72, or 96 teeth. Then, the surface roughness of the samples was determined using a scanning device (TIME TR200) with respect to the ISO 4287 standard. Heat treatment increased the surface roughness of the wood used, and changed the colour of the wood. To obtain smooth surfaces with or without heat treatment, a circular saw with 28 teeth and a double chamfered (WZ) mouth profile is recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]