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Direct production of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) through biomass always needs the addition of exogenous catalysts and causes extra costs. Herein, acid mine drainage (AMD), one of the traditional wastewaters, was introduced as a natural catalyst to produce HMF directly from lignocellulosic biomass. Key factors in the biomass conversion were optimized and investigated by the response surface methodology (RSM), and the HMF yield reached 13.51 wt% under optimal conditions. The metal elements and the acidic environment in AMD activated the Fenton reaction to effectively destroy the lignocellulose structure and synergistically promote the formation of HMF. Furthermore, the biomass substrate in the biomass conversion was indirectly modified by the AMD during this process. The biomass conversion residue could be prepared by pyrolysis to obtain a functional metal-loaded carbon material with good adsorption of thiamethoxam (THX), which provides a sustainable solution for the disposal of biomass conversion residue.

This study examined the effects of biochar, biogas residue, and their combined amendments on CO

Carbon (C), nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and sulfur (S) cycling functional genes and bacterial and fungal communities during composting with biochar and biogas residue amendments were studied. Correlations between microbial community structure, functional genes and physicochemical properties were investigated by network analysis and redundancy analysis. It was shown that the gene of acsA abundance accounted for about 50% of the C-related genes. Biogas residue significantly decreased the abundance of denitrification gene nirK. Biogas residues can better promote the diversity of bacteria and fungi during composting. Biochar significantly increased the abundance of Humicola. Redundancy analysis indicated that pile temperature, pH, EC were the main physicochemical factors affecting the microbial community. WSC and NO

In recent years, 2, 5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) has attracted much attention as the precursor of bio-polyester materials. A coupled process of ultrasonic-assisted dilute acid pretreatment and MnO2 was designed in this study to directly produce FDCA from lignocellulosic biomass, which is different from the traditional preparation process. Moreover, the critical parameters in the process were analyzed and optimized by the response surface method. The yield of FDCA could reach 52.1% under the optimal conditions. The reaction mechanism indicated that heavy metal elements in lignocellulosic biomass could play the role of the Lewis acid catalyst to promote the formation of FDCA to a certain extent. With the increase of temperature, the heavy metals transfer in biomass from the solid phase to the liquid phase increased, but most of them remain in the former. Therefore, further purification and treatment measures are worthy of attention.