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N-Nitrosodimethylamine (NDMA) is an emerging contaminant of concern. N-nitrodimethylamine (DMNA) is a structural analog to NDMA. NDMA and DMNA have been found in drinking water, groundwater, and other media and are of concern due their toxicity. The authors evaluated biotransformation of NDMA and DMNA by cultures enriched from contaminated groundwater growing on benzene, butane, methane, propane, or toluene. Maximum specific growth rates of enriched cultures on butane (μmax = 1.1 h−1) and propane (μmax = 0.65 h−1) were 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than those presented in the literature. Growth rates of mixed cultures grown on benzene (μmax = 1.3 h−1), methane (μmax = 0.09 h−1), and toluene (μmax = 0.99 h−1) in these studies were similar to those presented in the literature. NDMA biotransformation rates for methane oxidizers (υmax = 1.4 ng min−1 mg−1) and toluene oxidizers (υmax = 2.3 ng min−1 mg−1) were comparable to those presented in the literature, whereas the biotransformation rate for p...