1. Methylation and Acetylation Enhanced the Antidiabetic Activity of Some Selected Flavonoids: In Vitro, Molecular Modelling and Structure Activity Relationship-Based Study.
- Author
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Ahmed QU, Sarian MN, Mat So'ad SZ, Latip J, Arief Ichwan SJ, Hussein NN, Taher M, Alhassan AM, Hamidon H, and Fakurazi S
- Subjects
- 3T3-L1 Cells, Acetylation, Adipocytes drug effects, Adipocytes metabolism, Adipogenesis drug effects, Adipokines metabolism, Animals, CCAAT-Enhancer-Binding Proteins metabolism, Catalytic Domain, Cell Survival drug effects, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 pathology, Glucose metabolism, Glucose Transporter Type 1 chemistry, Glucose Transporter Type 1 metabolism, Glucose Transporter Type 4 metabolism, Insulin Secretion drug effects, Lipid Droplets metabolism, Methylation, Mice, Molecular Docking Simulation, Rats, Structure-Activity Relationship, Flavonoids chemistry, Flavonoids pharmacology, Hypoglycemic Agents chemistry, Hypoglycemic Agents pharmacology, Models, Molecular
- Abstract
Flavonoids have been reported to exert antihyperglycemic effects and have potential to enhance the current therapy options against type 2 diabetes mellitus. However, the structure activity relationships (SAR) studies of flavonoids against this disease have not been thoroughly comprehended. Hence, in the present study, 14 structurally related flavonoids viz. wogonin, techtochrysin, norwogonin, isoscutellarein, hypolaetin, kaempferol, quercetin, methyl ether of wogonin, acetate of wogonin, acetate of norwogonin, 8-hydroxy-7-methoxyflavone, chrysin, (+)-catechin and (-)-epicatechin were taken into account for in vitro antidiabetic evaluation. Cell viability of RIN-5F pancreatic cells and 3T3-L1 pre-adipocyte cells was initially tested, then an insulin secretion assay of RIN-5F as well as adipogenesis and glucose uptake measurements of adipocyte were investigated. Subsequently, protein expressions study through adipokines measurement (leptin, adiponectin, TNF-α, RBP-4) via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit, Western blotting analysis against GLUT4 and C/EBP-α as well as molecular docking against GLUT1 were analyzed. The results from cell culture antidiabetic assays (insulin secretion, adipogenesis, and glucose uptake), protein expressions and molecular docking pointed that the methoxy group at position C-8 is responsible for antidiabetic property of selected flavonoids via glucose uptake mechanism indicated by up regulation of GLUT4 and C/EBP-α expressions. The mechanism could be enhanced by the addition of an acetate group at C-5 and C-7 of the flavone skeleton.
- Published
- 2018
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