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Enteral immune nutrition has attracted considerable attention over the past few years regarding its perioperative role in patients undergoing major surgery for digestive cancer. Today, the term enteral immune nutrition refers to the perioperative administration of nutritional preparations containing, among others, specific ingredients such as glutamine, omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, and arginine. They provide nutritional support and exert pharmacological effects through the substances contained in these preparations. Their administration to patients with gastric cancer is necessary as malnutrition and other metabolic disorders are frequent symptoms with effects on the level of immune responses, affecting the function of intestinal permeability and, therefore, the effectiveness of chemotherapy. Existing clinical data and data from all meta-analyses published so far support the view that enteral immune nutrition enhances the immune responses of gastric cancer patients, and reduces the rate of postoperative complications, and the duration of hospitalization without, however, improving patient survival. The content of enteral immune nutrition, dose, administration interval, and the effect on patient survival should be more precisely determined through relevant extensive multicenter studies. This systematic review describes and analyses the clinical results and the findings of relevant meta-analyses of the application of enteral immune nutrition in gastric cancer patients, emphasize the importance of this therapeutic intervention for disease progression, and attempts to provide practical guidelines for applying enteral immune nutrition in daily clinical practice.

Trastuzumab is a monoclonal antibody used in the treatment of breast cancer in cases where the tumor overexpresses the HER2 receptor, a cell membrane receptor activated by the epidermal growth factor. Intravenous and subcutaneous administration of trastuzumab have comparable clinical and pharmacological characteristics, but trastuzumab biosimilars are currently only available in intravenous form. Trastuzumab biosimilars are ultimately preferred by a proportion of patients, especially in cases where co-administration of other chemotherapeutic agents, such as trastuzumab and tucatinib, a small molecule of tyrosine kinase inhibitor, is required in patients with HER-positive metastatic breast cancer. Oncologists should be well-aware of the advantages of intravenously administered trastuzumab biosimilars over subcutaneous administration, certainly also taking into account the patient’s preferences. Further cost-effectiveness analyses will be very important, along with expectations regarding successful concomitant subcutaneous administration of trastuzumab with other anticancer drugs, such as pertuzumab. This systematic review describes and analyzes the so-far published studies concerning the use of the available trastuzumab biosimilars in HER-positive early and metastatic breast cancer in terms of efficacy, safety, and cost–benefit ratio. An attempt was also made to draw some conclusions and to comment on future needs and perspectives.