Gorzelak-Pabiś, Paulina, Broncel, Marlena, Pawlos, Agnieszka, Wojdan, Katarzyna, Gajewski, Adrian, Chałubiński, Maciej, and Woźniak, Ewelina
Recent data showed that dabigatran can reduce not only procoagulatory effects but also block proinflammatory stimuli by inhibiting the expression of cytokines and chemokines and reducing thrombin-induced endothelial permeability. The aim of our study was to assess the effect of dabigatran on the integrity and inflammatory properties of endothelial cells stimulated by 25-hydroxycholesterol (25-OHC, oxysterol). HUVECs (Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells) were stimulated with 25-hydroxycholesterol 10 µg/ml, dabigatran 100 ng/ml or 500 ng/ml and 25-hydroxycholesterol + dabigatran (100 ng/ml, 500 ng/ml). HUVEC integrity and permeability was measured in the RTCA-DP xCELLigence system and by the paracellular flux system. The mRNA expression of ICAM-1, VEGF, IL-33, MCP-1 and TNF-α was analyzed by Real-time PCR. Cell apoptosis and viability was measured by flow cytometry. VEGF protein concentration was assessed in supernatants by ELISA. VE-cadherin expression in endothelial cells was evaluated by confocal microscopy. Pre-stimulation of HUVECs with 25-OHC decreased endothelial cell integrity (p < 0.001) and increased the expression of IL-33, ICAM-1, MCP-1, VEGF, TNF-α mRNA (p < 0.01) compared to unstimulated controls. Following stimulation of HUVECs with dabigatran 100 ng/ml or 500 ng/ml restored HUVEC integrity interrupted by 25-OHC (p < 0.001). In HUVECs pre-stimulated with oxysterol, dabigatran stimulation decreased mRNA expression of the proinflammatory cytokines IL-33 and TNF-α, chemokines MCP-1 ICAM-1 and VEGF (p < 0.01). Dabigatran 500 mg/ml+ 25-OHC increased the endothelial expression of VE-cadherin as compared to 25-OHC (p < 0.01). Our findings suggest that dabigatran stabilizes the endothelial barrier and inhibits the inflammation caused by oxysterol. The effect of stimulation: 25-hydroxycholesterol (10 µg/ml)(A), dabigatran (100, 500 ng/ml) + 25-hydroxycholesterol (10 µg/ml)(B) on the barrier function and immune profile of Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs). [Display omitted] • Dabigatran may reverse damaging effect of the 25-OHC on endothelial cells. • Dabigatran stabilized endothelial barrier interrupted by 25-OHC. • Dabigatran decreased the mRNA expression of ICAM-1, VEGF, IL-33, MCP-1 and TNFα elevated by 25-OHC in HUVECs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]