1. Molecular Mechanism Underlying Lymphatic Metastasis in Pancreatic Cancer
- Author
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Liang Liu, Zhiwen Xiao, Guopei Luo, Chuntao Wu, Quanxing Ni, Zuqiang Liu, Chen Liu, Jiang Long, and Xianjun Yu
- Subjects
Oncology ,Surgical resection ,medicine.medical_specialty ,Lymphatic metastasis ,Prognostic factor ,lcsh:Medicine ,Review Article ,General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology ,Metastasis ,Internal medicine ,Pancreatic cancer ,medicine ,Biomarkers, Tumor ,Humans ,Adverse effect ,General Immunology and Microbiology ,business.industry ,lcsh:R ,Clinical course ,General Medicine ,medicine.disease ,Prognosis ,Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ,Pancreatic Neoplasms ,Lymphatic Metastasis ,Molecular mechanism ,Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ,business - Abstract
As the most challenging human malignancies, pancreatic cancer is characterized by its insidious symptoms, low rate of surgical resection, high risk of local invasion, metastasis and recurrence, and overall dismal prognosis. Lymphatic metastasis, above all, is recognized as an early adverse event in progression of pancreatic cancer and has been described to be an independent poor prognostic factor. It should be noted that the occurrence of lymphatic metastasis is not a casual or stochastic but an ineluctable and designed event. Increasing evidences suggest that metastasis-initiating cells (MICs) and the microenvironments may act as a double-reed style in this crime. However, the exact mechanisms on how they function synergistically for this dismal clinical course remain largely elusive. Therefore, a better understanding of its molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in pancreatic lymphatic metastasis is urgently required. In this review, we will summarize the latest advances on lymphatic metastasis in pancreatic cancer.
- Published
- 2014