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Background. Thymoma is a heterogeneous tumor originated from thymic epithelial cells. The molecular mechanism of thymoma remains unclear. Methods. The expression profile, methylation, and mutation data of thymoma were obtained from TCGA database. The coexpression network was constructed using the variance of gene expression through WGCNA. Enrichment analysis using clusterProfiler R package and overall survival (OS) analysis by Kaplan-Meier method were carried out for the intersection of differential expression genes (DEGs) screened by limma R package and important module genes. PPI network was constructed based on STRING database for genes with significant impact on survival. The impact of key genes on the prognosis of thymoma was evaluated by ROC curve and Cox regression model. Finally, the immune cell infiltration, methylation modification, and gene mutation were calculated. Results. We obtained eleven coexpression modules, and three of them were higher positively correlated with thymoma. DEGs in these three modules mainly involved in MAPK cascade and PPAR pathway. LIPE, MYH6, ACTG2, KLF4, SULT4A1, and TF were identified as key genes through the PPI network. AUC values of LIPE were the highest. Cox regression analysis showed that low expression of LIPE was a prognostic risk factor for thymoma. In addition, there was a high correlation between LIPE and T cells. Importantly, the expression of LIPE was modified by methylation. Among all the mutated genes, GTF2I had the highest mutation frequency. Conclusion. These results suggested that the molecular mechanism of thymoma may be related to immune inflammation. LIPE may be the key genes affecting prognosis of thymoma. Our findings will help to elucidate the pathogenesis and therapeutic targets of thymoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study selected solid wastes, such as rice husk ash (RHA), inactive Saccharomyces cerevisiae powder (ISP), and rice husk (RH), as the potential adsorbents for the removal of Fe(II) and Mn(II) in aqueous solution. The structural characteristics, functional groups, and elemental compositions were determined by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier translation infrared spectrum (FT-IR) analyses, respectively. Then the influence on the Fe(II) and Mn(II) removing efficiency by the factors, such as pH, adsorbent dosage, initial Fe(II) and Mn(II) concentration, and contact time, was investigated by the static batch test. The adsorption isotherm study results show that Langmuir equation can better fit the Fe(II) and Mn(II) adsorption process by the three adsorbents. The maximum adsorption amounts for Fe(II) were 6.211 mg/g, 4.464 mg/g, and 4.049 mg/g by RHA, ISP, and RH and for Mn(II) were 3.016 mg/g, 2.229 mg/g, and 1.889 mg/g, respectively. The adsorption kinetics results show that the pseudo-second-order kinetic model can better fit the Fe(II) and Mn(II) adsorption process. D-R model and thermodynamic parameters hint that the adsorption processes of Fe(II) and Mn(II) on the three adsorbents took place physically and the processes were feasible, spontaneous, and exothermic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, adsorption of zinc onto the adsorbent (untreated rice husk and NaOH-treated rice husk) was examined. During the removal process, batch technique was used, and the effects of pH and contact time were investigated. Langmuir isotherm was applied in order to determine the efficiency of NaOH-treated rice husk used as an adsorbent. The zinc adsorption was fast, and equilibrium was attained within 30 min. The maximum removal ratios of zinc for untreated rice husk and NaOH-treated rice husk after 1.5 h were 52.3% and 95.2%, respectively, with initial zinc concentration of 25 mg/L and optimum pH of 4.0. Data obtained from batch adsorption experiments fitted well with the Langmuir isotherm model. Maximum adsorption capacity of zinc onto untreated rice husk and NaOH-treated rice husk was 12.41 mg/g, and 20.08 mg/g respectively, at adsorbent dosage of 1g/L at 25°C. The nature of functional groups (i.e., amino, carboxyl, and hydroxyl) and metal ion interactions was examined by the FT-IR technique. It was concluded that the NaOH-treated rice husk had stronger adsorption capacity for Zn2+ compared with the untreated rice husk. The NaOH-treated rice husk is an inexpensive and environmentally friendly adsorbent for Zn2+ removal from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]