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Although tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL-Ts) play a crucial role in solid tumor immunotherapy, their clinical application has been limited because of the immunosuppressive microenvironment. Herein, we developed an injectable hydrogel microsphere-integrated training court (MS-ITC) to inspire the function of TIL-Ts and amplify TIL-Ts, through grafting with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 antibodies and bovine serum albumin nanoparticles encapsulated with IL-7 and IL-15. MS-ITC provided the T-cell receptor and co-stimulatory signals required for TIL-Ts activation and IL-7/IL-15 signals for TIL-Ts expansion. Afterward, the MS-ITC was injected locally into the osteosarcoma tumor tissue in mice. MS-ITC suppressed the growth of primary osteosarcoma by more than 95 %, accompanied with primed and expanded TIL-Ts in the tumor tissues, compromising significantly increased CD8+ T and memory T cells, thereby enhancing the anti-tumor effect. Together, this work provides an injectable hydrogel microsphere-integrated training platform capable of inspiring TIL-Ts potential for a range of solid tumor immunotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Multifunctional bone scaffold materials have been produced from a biodegradable polymer, poly(l-lactic acid) (PLLA), and 1–10% wt of octadecylamine-functionalized nanodiamond (ND-ODA) via solution casting followed by compression molding. By comparison to pure PLLA, the addition of 10% wt of ND-ODA resulted in a significant improvement of the mechanical properties of the composite matrix, including a 280% increase in the strain at failure and a 310% increase in fracture energy in tensile tests. The biomimetic process of bonelike apatite growth on the ND-ODA/PLLA scaffolds was studied using microscopic and spectroscopic techniques. The enhanced mechanical properties and the increased mineralization capability with higher ND-ODA concentration suggest that these biodegradable composites may potentially be useful for a variety of biomedical applications, including scaffolds for orthopedic regenerative engineering. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]