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Insects have a very large impact among living organisms, both in terms of numbers and efficiency. They are the first actor in pollination, ecological balance and the food chain pyramid. Since gut microbiota plays an important role in the reproduction and spread of living organisms in the food chain, gut microbiota is useful for detection of bacteria to be used as biological control agents. Here, we analysed microbiota (bacteria) of the gut in aquatic Coleoptera (Helephoridae and Hidrophilidae family) by using microbiological and molecular methods. Various conventional methods were used for the complete and accurate identification of bacterial isolates. Gut microbiota bacteria from 17 species of aquatic insects were microbiologically isolated. Using culture-dependent methods, 34 species and 31 different genera were isolated from gut of 17 aquatic insect species (Coleoptera: Helephoridae and Hydrophilidae). Further studies are needed to determine the number and proportion of these bacteria species within total bacterial content for evaluation of biological control and biotechnological uses. As a result of the isolation of bacteria with biotechnological importance, these bacteria will be used repeatedly in biotechnology and biological control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cortical glial cells are located in the neuron body layer of the brain and the ganglia of the ventral nerve cord. There are at least two size classes of cortical glia: small-cell and "giant-cell," which have large, apparently polyploid nuclei. As a result of an examination of brains in 152 species from 13 orders of hemi- and holometabolous insects, it was found that the small-cell cortical glia is characteristic of the majority of insects. The giant cortical glia is composed of presumably polyploid cells. It is characteristic of Lepidoptera and Trichoptera and is also found in some species of Heteroptera, Hymenoptera, and Coleoptera. A special type of glia with polytene chromosomes was found in the dipterans of the superfamily Muscoidea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of the brain of 47 species from 15 lepidopteran families has revealed that only one neuroblast corresponds to each calyx cup of the mushroom body and that mushroom body neuroblasts have been found in the imagoes of 13 out of 25 species caught in the field. It is considered that the proliferative centers consisting of several neuroblasts are not characteristic of lepidopteran mushroom bodies, whereras Kenyon cell neurogenesis in the imago appears to be a widespread phenomenon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]