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In the present paper, we investigated the accumulation of six metals in tilapia (Oreochromis nilocticus) and largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) as indicators of the environmental pollution present at three constructed dams in the Yaqui River basin in Sonora, Mexico. The La Angostura (ANG), El Cajon de Onapa (ECO), and El Oviachic (OVI) dams are ecosystems under different degrees of anthropogenic stress. The collected fishes were dissected to obtain liver, gonad, stomach, gill, and muscle samples to determine the metal concentrations of Fe, Mn, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Cr. The results of a PERMANOVA showed that the concentrations of Fe, Cu, and Zn were significantly higher in tilapia liver, stomach, and gill tissues compared with those of the largemouth bass. Also, differences were detected between seasons, with the metal concentrations during the dry season being significantly higher than those of the rainy season (p < 0.001). The results of a principal component analysis showed an association between metals, tissues, and dams with significantly higher (p < 0.001) concentrations in tilapia from the ECO dam compared with those from the ANG and OVI dams. The general distribution of metals in the tissues was as follows: liver > stomach-gills > gonads > muscle. Variations in metal concentrations may be indicative of the different sources of anthropogenic stress in each ecosystem.

Multivitamin/mineral (MVM) supplements are the most commonly utilized dietary supplements by many populations. However, there is a severe concern about their adverse effects due to elemental impurities. In the present study, it was aimed to determine the levels of 11 elemental impurities (Cd, Pb, As, Hg, Co, V, Ni, Se, Mo, Cu, and Cr) by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and evaluate the human health risk associated with the consumption of 33 MVM effervescent tablet supplements available in Turkey. The precision of the method in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD) was less than 4.6%. The accuracy of the method was tested with recovery experiments, and the results ranged between 86 and 107%. The impurity levels for Cd, Pb, As, Co, V, Ni, Se, Mo, Cu, and Cr were found between 0.011-0.050, 0.025-0.098, 0.018-0.056, 0.010-0.626, 0.027-0.290, 0.026-1.65, 1.92-21.83, 0.034-34.09, 0.140-183.9, and 0.033-13.10 µg/g, respectively, and Hg was not detected in any sample. The calculated concentrations for elemental impurities complied with EMA and USP guidelines, except one supplement for Se (21.83 µg/g) with a permitted limit of 15 µg/g. The hazard quotient (HQ) and hazard index (HI) levels were below 1 for all samples within the ranges of 3.4 × 10 -1 -1.4 × 10 -6 for HQ and 7.8 × 10 -1 -1.4 × 10 -6 for HI indicating that there is no risk for consumption. The carcinogenic risk (CR) of As was between 1.7 × 10 -6 and 5.9 × 10 -6 , below the threshold value of 1 × 10 -4 . The results showed that there is no risk to human health., Competing Interests: Declarations. Competing Interests: The authors declare no competing interests., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)

This study aimed to establish the distribution of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Zn, in the muscle and liver of the spotted ratfish Hydrolagus colliei from the northern Gulf of California to establish the bioaccumulation background data in this species. The individuals (n = 110) were obtained by bycatch from the Gulf of California hake fisheries, and the metals and metalloid were measured by atomic absorption spectrometry. The element with the highest concentration in the muscle (15.19 ± 5.40 mg kg−1) and the liver (20.98 ± 10.30 mg kg−1) was As, followed by essential elements (Zn > Cu), and the lowest were the non-essential Pb (0.029 ± 0.014 and 0.048 ± 0.038 mg kg−1, muscle and liver, respectively) and Cd (0.022 ± 0.014 and 0.796 ± 0.495 mg kg−1, muscle and liver, respectively). The liver showed higher bioaccumulation than the muscle in all the studied elements. The sex was not a factor that influenced the bioaccumulation. The concentrations of As in the muscle did not exceed the maximum permissible limits of Mexican legislation, and < 50% of the samples exceed Cd and Pb limits of the Mexican, European Union, and WHO/FAO regulations. The differences found between the elements and tissues could be related to the different diets of the species, their migratory patterns, and their life conditions. Studies in the deep-sea water H. colliei are limited, and further investigations are needed regarding the feeding habits of H. colliei as well as the interactions of potentially toxic elements within the deep-sea water habitat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Patagonia and Antarctica are biodiverse regions in the Southern Hemisphere, but little is known about the levels of trace elements in marine organisms from these remote coastal ecosystems. In this study, selenium (Se), copper (Cu), zinc (Zn), and stable isotopes of nitrogen (δ15N; relative trophic level) were measured in 36 marine species collected from two locations of the Chilean Patagonia and two locations of the Antarctic Peninsula area to determine whether biomagnification of these trace elements occurs in the food webs. Results indicated that Cu, Se, and Zn levels were slightly lower than those in similar species from elsewhere, and the highest metal levels were found in marine macroinvertebrates compared with fishes. There was evidence of Cu, Se, and Zn biomagnification but only within the lower-trophic-level organisms. When assessing whole food webs, levels of these elements typically decreased from macroinvertebrates to fishes or birds, suggesting lower risks of metal toxicity to higher-level consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report cadmium (Cd) concentrations in muscle, liver, and blood of striped marlin (Kajikia audax) and blue marlin (Makaira nigricans), caught in the southwest of the Gulf of California. The average Cd concentration was higher in the liver followed by blood and muscle in descending order. This pattern of Cd concentration may be related to the differences in the physiological function of these tissues. In K. audax, the Cd concentration in muscle and liver increased proportionally with body size, but only in animals that have reached the body size corresponding to first sexual maturity (animals exceeding 155 cm of postorbital length). Interspecific differences in dietary composition and Cd content evidenced that food preferences have a significant effect on the bioaccumulation of Cd. No evidence of Cd biomagnification (progressive bioaccumulation of an element along the food web) was found, as the correlation between logarithmic Cd concentrations and δ15N values was not significant when both billfish and their prey items were included in the calculations. Furthermore, the calculated biotransference factor (transfer of an element from food to consumer) suggested that Cd transference is interrupted from prey to marlins. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross-sectional study of heavy metals and aflatoxins was conducted by studying duck egg, blood, liver, feed, and water samples from 11 free grazing farms. The duck feed, soil, and rice samples were lower than the standard limit for aflatoxins at 20 ng g−1. The highest levels of aflatoxin were detected in the liver, intestine, and egg yolk; these were 3.04, 1.73, and 4.56 ng g−1 respectively, while the average levels were 1.6 ± 0.73, 1.31 ± 0.23, and 1.87 ± 0.99 ng g−1, respectively. Interestingly, aflatoxin was not detected in any of the egg white albumin samples (90/90 samples), whereas aflatoxin contamination was predominantly found in the yolk. Additionally, the means and standard deviations of Pb and Cd found in the duck eggs were 118.61 ± 22.25 and 13.84 ± 9.06 ng g−1 respectively. The maximum levels of Pb and Cd in eggs were 134.34 and 29.72 ng g−1, respectively. Moreover, Pb contamination occurred in the duck liver tissue in 93.61% (88/94) of the samples, whereas Cd contamination was found in 100% (100/100). The maximum levels of Pb and Cd in the duck liver tissues were 606.16 and 22,946.20 ng g−1, which was higher than those in the eggs. Pb contamination in the water from rice paddy fields after grazing was significantly higher than that in water samples taken before grazing. This is the first report of Pb and Cd contamination in blood, egg, and liver samples of free grazing ducks in Thailand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to ascertain if Cu, Fe, and Zn are differentially accumulated in fish tissues, metal concentrations were measured in the muscle and liver of bycatch fish from the states of Sinaloa (189 specimens, 7 species) and Guerrero (152 individuals, 8 species) in the Mexican Pacific Coast during March and November 2011. Additionally, metal levels were compared with the maximum allowable limits set by international legislation and contrasted with similar ichthyofauna from other regions. Liver had more elevated concentrations of Cu (Sinaloa 28.3, Guerrero 16.3 μg g), Fe (Sinaloa 1098, Guerrero 636 μg g), and Zn (Sinaloa 226, Guerrero 186 μg g) than the muscle in fish from both studied areas. The relative abundances of analyzed metals in both tissues was Fe > Zn > Cu. As far as limits set by international legislation (Australia, India, New Zealand, Zambia), measured concentrations of Cu in the edible portion of fish were not found to be above the set values. In the case of Zn, the maximum allowable limits set by international legislation were exceeded by the Peruvian mojarra Diapterus peruvianus from Guerrero state (Mexican Pacific). No limits exist for Fe in the edible portion of fishery products in the national and international legislations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]