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Following a previous elaboration of the concept of weak individuality and some examples of its instances in ecology and biology, the article focuses on general features of the concept, arguing that in any ontological field individuals are understood on the basis of our knowledge of interactions, through the application of these general formulas for extracting individuals from interactions. Then, the specificities of the individuality in the sense of this weak concept are examined in ecology; I conclude by addressing the differences between ecosystems and organisms as they appear in the viewpoint of such concept. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biological individuals are usually defined by evolutionists through a reference to natural selection. This article looks for a concept of individuality that would hold at the same time for organisms and for communities or ecosystems, the latter being unaffected by natural selection (as it is usually contended). In the wake of Simon's notion of 'quasi-independence,' I elaborate a concept of 'weak individuality' defined by probabilistic connections between sub-entities, read off our knowledge of their interactions. This formal scheme of connections allows one to infer what are the individuals in the domain addressed by the theory of the interactions. The article argues that if ecosystems do not have strong individuality (in the sense of natural-selection-based individuality), they still possess a weak individuality, ecological theories providing the values of the variables in the formula for individuality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]