6 results on '"Clare Kelly"'
Search Results
2. Shared and distinct intrinsic functional network centrality in autism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
- Author
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Xi-Nian Zuo, Ariel Schvarcz, Adriana Di Martino, Michael P. Milham, Rebecca Grzadzinski, Clare Kelly, Catherine Lord, F. Xavier Castellanos, Jennifer Rodman, and Maarten Mennes
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Male ,Adolescent ,Precuneus ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Article ,mental disorders ,Basal ganglia ,medicine ,Connectome ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Humans ,DCN PAC - Perception action and control NCEBP 9 - Mental health ,Autistic Disorder ,Child ,Biological Psychiatry ,Resting state fMRI ,Brain ,220 Statistical Imaging Neuroscience ,medicine.disease ,Comorbidity ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Autism ,Female ,Centrality ,Psychology ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Background: Individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) often exhibit symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Across both disorders, observations of distributed functional abnormalities suggest aberrant large-scale brain network connectivity. Yet, common and distinct network correlates of ASD and ADHD remain unidentified. Here, we aimed to examine patterns of dysconnection in school-age children with ASD and ADHD and typically developing children who completed a resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scan. Methods: We measured voxelwise network centrality, functional connectivity metrics indexing local (degree centrality [DC]) and global (eigenvector centrality) functional relationships across the entire brain connectome, in resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging data from 56 children with ASD, 45 children with ADHD, and 50 typically developing children. A one-way analysis of covariance, with group as fixed factor (whole-brain corrected), was followed by post hoc pairwise comparisons. Results: Cortical and subcortical areas exhibited centrality abnormalities, some common to both ADHD and ASD, such as in precuneus. Others were disorder-specific and included ADHD-related increases in DC in right striatum/pallidum, in contrast with ASD-related increases in bilateral temporolimbic areas. Secondary analyses differentiating children with ASD into those with or without ADHD-like comorbidity (ASD(+) and ASD(-), respectively) revealed that the ASD(+) group shared ADHD-specific abnormalities in basal ganglia. By contrast, centrality increases in temporolimbic areas characterized children with ASD regardless of ADHD-like comorbidity. At the cluster level, eigenvector centrality group patterns were similar to DC. Conclusions: ADHD and ASD are neurodevelopmental disorders with distinct and overlapping clinical presentations. This work provides evidence for both shared and distinct underlying mechanisms at the large-scale network level.
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- 2013
3. Dimensional brain-behavior relationships in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
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Camille Chabernaud, F. Xavier Castellanos, Michael P. Milham, Clare Kelly, Adriana Di Martino, Maarten Mennes, and Kate B. Nooner
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Male ,Article ,Developmental psychology ,Functional neuroimaging ,Neural Pathways ,medicine ,Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder ,Humans ,DCN PAC - Perception action and control NCEBP 9 - Mental health ,Medical diagnosis ,Child Behavior Checklist ,Child ,Categorical variable ,Biological Psychiatry ,Default mode network ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,Internal-External Control ,Resting state fMRI ,Functional Neuroimaging ,Brain ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Case-Control Studies ,Female ,Psychology - Abstract
Item does not contain fulltext BACKGROUND: Emerging neuroscientific and genetic findings emphasize the dimensional rather than the categorical aspects of psychiatric disorders. However, the integration of dimensional approaches within the current categorical diagnostic framework remains unclear. Here, we used resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine whether dimensional measures of psychiatric symptomatology capture brain-behavior relationships unaccounted for by categorical diagnoses. Additionally, we examined whether dimensional brain-behavior relationships are modified by the presence of a categorically defined illness, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). METHODS: Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging scans were collected from 37 typically developing children (aged 10.2 +/- 2; 21 female subjects) and 37 children meeting DSM-IV Text Revision criteria for ADHD (9.7 +/- 2; 11 female subjects). Parent-rated Child Behavior Checklist Externalizing and Internalizing scores served as dimensional measures in our analyses of default network (DN) resting state functional connectivity (RSFC). RESULTS: Regardless of diagnosis, we observed several significant relationships between DN RSFC and both internalizing and externalizing scores. Increased internalizing scores were associated with stronger positive intra-DN RSFC, while increased externalizing scores were associated with reduced negative RSFC between DN and task-positive regions such as dorsal anterior cingulate cortex. Several of these brain-behavior relationships differed depending on the categorical presence of ADHD. CONCLUSIONS: Our findings suggest that while categorical diagnostic boundaries provide an inadequate basis for understanding the pathophysiology of psychiatric disorders, psychiatric illness cannot be viewed simply as an extreme of typical neural or behavioral function. Efforts to understand the neural underpinnings of psychiatric illness should incorporate both categorical and dimensional clinical assessments.
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- 2012
4. Cingulate-Precuneus Interactions: A New Locus of Dysfunction in Adult Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder
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Michael P. Milham, Andrew Kirsch, Clare Kelly, Daniel S. Margulies, Zarrar Shehzad, Lenard A. Adler, Edmund J.S. Sonuga-Barke, Adriana Di Martino, F. Xavier Castellanos, David M. Shaw, John Rotrosen, Lucina Q. Uddin, Bharat B. Biswal, and Manely Ghaffari
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Adult ,Male ,Cingulate cortex ,Precuneus ,Prefrontal Cortex ,Gyrus Cinguli ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Article ,Error-related negativity ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,medicine ,Humans ,Prefrontal cortex ,Biological Psychiatry ,Anterior cingulate cortex ,Default mode network ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Middle Aged ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Oxygen ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Case-Control Studies ,Posterior cingulate ,Female ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Neuroscience - Abstract
Pathophysiologic models of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) have focused on frontal-striatal circuitry with alternative hypotheses relatively unexplored. On the basis of evidence that negative interactions between frontal foci involved in cognitive control and the non-goal-directed "default-mode" network prevent attentional lapses, we hypothesized abnormalities in functional connectivity of these circuits in ADHD.Resting-state blood oxygen level-dependent functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) scans were obtained at 3.0-Tesla in 20 adults with ADHD and 20 age- and sex-matched healthy volunteers.Examination of healthy control subjects verified presence of an antiphasic or negative relationship between activity in dorsal anterior cingulate cortex (centered at x = 8, y = 7, z = 38) and in default-mode network components. Group analyses revealed ADHD-related compromises in this relationship, with decreases in the functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate and precuneus/posterior cingulate cortex regions (p.0004, corrected). Secondary analyses revealed an extensive pattern of ADHD-related decreases in connectivity between precuneus and other default-mode network components, including ventromedial prefrontal cortex (p3 x 10(-11), corrected) and portions of posterior cingulate (p.02, corrected).Together with prior unbiased anatomic evidence of posterior volumetric abnormalities, our findings suggest that the long-range connections linking dorsal anterior cingulate to posterior cingulate and precuneus should be considered as a candidate locus of dysfunction in ADHD.
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- 2008
5. Aberrant striatal functional connectivity in children with autism
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Michael P. Milham, Clare Kelly, Xi-Nian Zuo, Maarten Mennes, F. Xavier Castellanos, Rebecca Grzadzinski, Adriana Di Martino, Maria Angeles Mairena, and Catherine Lord
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Male ,Adolescent ,Nerve net ,Insular cortex ,behavioral disciplines and activities ,Brain mapping ,Article ,mental disorders ,Basal ganglia ,Neural Pathways ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Autistic Disorder ,Child ,Biological Psychiatry ,Cerebral Cortex ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.disease ,Magnetic Resonance Imaging ,Corpus Striatum ,Developmental disorder ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Autism ,Female ,Disconnection ,Nerve Net ,Psychology ,Neuroscience ,Insula - Abstract
Models of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) as neural disconnection syndromes have been predominantly supported by examinations of abnormalities in corticocortical networks in adults with autism. A broader body of research implicates subcortical structures, particularly the striatum, in the physiopathology of autism. Resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging has revealed detailed maps of striatal circuitry in healthy and psychiatric populations and vividly captured maturational changes in striatal circuitry during typical development.Using resting state functional magnetic resonance imaging, we examined striatal functional connectivity (FC) in 20 children with ASD and 20 typically developing children between the ages of 7.6 and 13.5 years. Whole-brain voxelwise statistical maps quantified within-group striatal FC and between-group differences for three caudate and three putamen seeds for each hemisphere.Children with ASD mostly exhibited prominent patterns of ectopic striatal FC (i.e., functional connectivity present in ASD but not in typically developing children), with increased functional connectivity between nearly all striatal subregions and heteromodal associative and limbic cortex previously implicated in the physiopathology of ASD (e.g., insular and right superior temporal gyrus). Additionally, we found striatal functional hyperconnectivity with the pons, thus expanding the scope of functional alterations implicated in ASD. Secondary analyses revealed ASD-related hyperconnectivity between the pons and insula cortex.Examination of FC of striatal networks in children with ASD revealed abnormalities in circuits involving early developing areas, such as the brainstem and insula, with a pattern of increased FC in ectopic circuits that likely reflects developmental derangement rather than immaturity of functional circuits.
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- 2010
6. Reduced interhemispheric resting state functional connectivity in cocaine addiction
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Michael P. Milham, F. Xavier Castellanos, Xi-Nian Zuo, Christine L. Cox, Clare Kelly, John Rotrosen, Kristin Gotimer, Davide Imperati, Lauren Lynch, Hugh Garavan, and Dylan Brock
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Adult ,Male ,media_common.quotation_subject ,Rest ,Statistics as Topic ,Neuropsychological Tests ,Brain mapping ,Functional Laterality ,Article ,Cocaine dependence ,Cocaine-Related Disorders ,Task-positive network ,Neural Pathways ,medicine ,Image Processing, Computer-Assisted ,Humans ,Biological Psychiatry ,media_common ,Brain Mapping ,medicine.diagnostic_test ,Resting state fMRI ,Addiction ,Brain ,Cognition ,medicine.disease ,Diffusion Tensor Imaging ,Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity ,Female ,Psychology ,Functional magnetic resonance imaging ,Neuroscience ,Diffusion MRI - Abstract
Background Models of cocaine addiction emphasize the role of disrupted frontal circuitry supporting cognitive control processes. However, addiction-related alterations in functional interactions among brain regions, especially between the cerebral hemispheres, are rarely examined directly. Resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approaches, which reveal patterns of coherent spontaneous fluctuations in the fMRI signal, offer a means to quantify directly functional interactions between the hemispheres. We examined interhemispheric resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) in cocaine dependence using a recently validated approach, voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity. Methods We compared interhemispheric RSFC between 25 adults (aged 35.0 ± 8.8) meeting DSM-IV criteria for cocaine dependence within the past 12 months but currently abstaining (>2 weeks) from cocaine and 24 healthy comparisons (35.1 ± 7.5), group-matched on age, sex, education, and employment status. Results We observed reduced prefrontal interhemispheric RSFC in cocaine-dependent participants relative to control subjects. Further analyses demonstrated a striking cocaine-dependence-related reduction in interhemispheric RSFC among nodes of the dorsal attention network, comprising bilateral lateral frontal, medial premotor, and posterior parietal areas. Further, within the cocaine-dependent group, RSFC within the dorsal attention network was associated with self-reported attentional lapses. Conclusions Our findings provide further evidence of an association between chronic exposure to cocaine and disruptions within large-scale brain circuitry supporting cognitive control. We did not detect group differences in diffusion tensor imaging measures, suggesting that alterations in the brain's functional architecture associated with cocaine exposure can be observed in the absence of detectable abnormalities in the white matter microstructure supporting that architecture.
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- 2010
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