1. Bio-resin for high resolution lithography-based biofabrication of complex cell-laden constructs
- Author
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Lim, Khoon S, Levato, Riccardo, Ferreira da Costa, Pedro, Castilho, Miguel D, Alcala-Orozco, Cesar R, van Dorenmalen, Kim M A, Melchels, Ferry P W, Gawlitta, Debby, Hooper, Gary J, Malda, Jos, Woodfield, Tim B F, LS Equine Muscoskeletal Biology, Sub General Pharmaceutics, dES RMSC, LS Equine Muscoskeletal Biology, Sub General Pharmaceutics, and dES RMSC
- Subjects
Fabrication ,Materials science ,bio-resin ,digital light processing ,Light ,Cell Survival ,Biomedical Engineering ,Acrylic Resins ,Cell Culture Techniques ,3D printing ,Bioengineering ,Nanotechnology ,02 engineering and technology ,010402 general chemistry ,01 natural sciences ,Biochemistry ,Biomaterials ,Tissue engineering ,medicine ,Humans ,Lithography ,Cells, Cultured ,visible light ,Tissue Engineering ,Tissue Scaffolds ,business.industry ,biofabrication ,Bioprinting ,Cell Differentiation ,Hydrogels ,General Medicine ,Complex cell ,021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology ,0104 chemical sciences ,medicine.anatomical_structure ,Polyvinyl Alcohol ,Self-healing hydrogels ,Gelatin ,Methacrylates ,lithography ,Digital Light Processing ,hydrogel ,0210 nano-technology ,business ,Biotechnology ,Biofabrication - Abstract
Lithography-based three-dimensional (3D) printing technologies allow high spatial resolution that exceeds that of typical extrusion-based bioprinting approaches, allowing to better mimic the complex architecture of biological tissues. Additionally, lithographic printing via digital light processing (DLP) enables fabrication of free-form lattice and patterned structures which cannot be easily produced with other 3D printing approaches. While significant progress has been dedicated to the development of cell-laden bioinks for extrusion-based bioprinting, less attention has been directed towards the development of cyto-compatible bio-resins and their application in lithography-based biofabrication, limiting the advancement of this promising technology. In this study, we developed a new bio-resin based on methacrylated poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA-MA), gelatin-methacryloyl (Gel-MA) and a transition metal-based visible light photoinitiator. The utilization of a visible light photo-initiating system displaying high molar absorptivity allowed the bioprinting of constructs with high resolution features, in the range of 25-50 μm. Biofunctionalization of the resin with 1 wt% Gel-MA allowed long term survival (>90%) of encapsulated cells up to 21 d, and enabled attachment and spreading of endothelial cells seeded on the printed hydrogels. Cell-laden hydrogel constructs of high resolution with complex and ordered architecture were successfully bioprinted, where the encapsulated cells remained viable, homogenously distributed and functional. Bone and cartilage tissue synthesis was confirmed by encapsulated stem cells, underlining the potential of these DLP-bioprinted hydrogels for tissue engineering and biofabrication. Overall, the PVA-MA/Gel-MA bio-resin is a promising material for biofabrication and provides important cues for the further development of lithography-based bioprinting of complex, free-form living tissue analogues.
- Published
- 2018