2,941 results
Search Results
2. Study on the Pyrolysis Characteristics, Kinetics and Mineral Transformation of Paper Sludge
- Author
-
Yin, Yanshan, Yin, Huixia, Yuan, Zihan, Wu, Zihua, Zhang, Wei, Tian, Hong, Feng, Leihua, Cheng, Shan, Qing, Mengxia, and Song, Quanbin
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Production of Lipid and Xylo-oligosaccharides from Cellulose and Hemicellulose in Reed Sawdust.
- Author
-
Jiao, MeiZhen, Zhang, Xinran, Wang, Yiqin, Du, Jian, Tao, Yehan, Lv, Yanna, Chen, Ming, Lu, Jie, and Wang, Haisong
- Subjects
- *
PAPER mill waste , *DOCOSAHEXAENOIC acid , *SPRAY drying , *WOOD waste , *FEED additives , *HEMICELLULOSE , *CELLULASE - Abstract
Reed sawdust is a kind of paper mill waste with high cellulose and hemicellulose content. To promote the rational use of resources, it is essential to make full use of waste resources and transform them into new values. In this work, reed sawdust was pretreated with liquid hot water (LHW) at 170 °C for 30 min. A total of 39.00 g/L glucose was obtained after enzymatic saccharification of cellulose at 50 °C, 20 FPU/g-reed sawdust cellulase, 25% (w/v) reed sawdust, in 5 replenishments. When the fermentation was performed 96 h, the medium contained xylo-oligosaccharides (XOS) 11.74 g/L and biomass 15.21 g/L, in which lipid was 4.14 g/L. After spray drying, feed additives containing 29.17% XOS and 10.29% docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) can be prepared. In particular, the hemicellulose and cellulose in reed sawdust are creatively used at the same time without separation, which greatly reduces the cost of purification in traditional processes and provides a new way for the high-value transformation of sawdust resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Ethanol Production from Eucalyptus Sawdust Following Sequential Alkaline Thermochemical Pretreatment with Recovery of Extractives.
- Author
-
Guigou, M., Moure, S., Bermúdez, F., Clavijo, L., Cabrera, M. N., Xavier, L., Ferrari, M. D., and Lareo, C.
- Subjects
HEMICELLULOSE ,ETHANOL ,WOOD waste ,EUCALYPTUS ,PAPER products industry ,PAPER industry ,ALKALINE solutions - Abstract
Eucalyptus sawdust is a forest residue that, through a biorefinery approach, can be used to manufacture value-added products in the pulp and paper industries as well as to produce a biofuel. This study examines the suitability of a sequential thermochemical pretreatment that uses processes and reagents commonly utilized in the pulp and paper industry to separate valuable biomass components from eucalyptus sawdust and increase its enzymatic digestibility for ethanol production. The research strategy was based on a forest biorefinery that can be integrated into an existing industrial plant for the production of cellulose pulp. A combination of alkaline solutions was evaluated to obtain an extract rich in tannins and intended to be used in the formulation of wood adhesives. A second alkaline treatment was used to recover lignin and hemicellulose components and improve cellulose digestibility. The cellulose fraction was fermented using three commercial Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeasts (Thermosacc®, PE-2, and CAT). Different process configurations (separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF), pre-saccharification followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF), and simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF)) at 16% (w/v) solid loading by Thermosacc® yeast were also studied. Thermosacc® yeast enabled higher ethanol production than the other strains but resulted in similar productivity. The two-stage alkaline pretreatment of eucalyptus sawdust was successful in recovering 34 g of tannins, 56 g of xylo-saccharides, 16 g of acetic acid, and 90 g of lignin and produced 152 g of ethanol from 1 kg of dry eucalyptus sawdust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Fungal Secretomes of Aspergillus terreus Repertoires Cultivated on Native and acid/alkali Treated Paddy Straw for Cellulase and Xylanase Production.
- Author
-
Kaur, Gurkanwal, Taggar, Monica Sachdeva, Kalia, Anu, Krishania, Meena, and Singh, Alla
- Subjects
ASPERGILLUS terreus ,CELLULASE ,XYLANASES ,STRAW ,LIGNIN structure ,ALKALIES ,FILTER paper ,HEMICELLULOSE ,AMYLOLYSIS - Abstract
The potential of native as well as acid/alkali pre-treated paddy straw was investigated as inducer substrate for Aspergillus terreus mediated cellulase and xylanase production. The cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin contents of native straw were found to be 25.94%, 17.64% and 15.82%, respectively. However, in the acid/alkali treated straw, cellulose content substantially increased to 48.09%, whereas hemicellulose and lignin contents were reported to be particularly low (11.72%, 5.08%, respectively). The FTIR spectra of native and pre-treated paddy straw further supported the variation in their chemical constituents. A. terreus repertoires were cultivated on native and treated paddy straw under solid state fermentation (SSF) and liquid fermentation (LF) conditions. The LF cultures showed higher cellulase and xylanase activities (Filter Paper cellulase: 45.33 U/L, Carboxymethyl cellulase: 104.75 U/L, β-glucosidase 80.44 U/L, Avicelase: 22.72 U/L and Xylanase: 623.69 U/L) than the respective SSF cultures. Significantly high activities of exoglucanases and endoglucanases were obtained when native straw was used as the growth substrate. The scanning electron micrographs of native and treated straw exhibited disintegration after being subjected to biological treatments, confirming the hyphal adhered growth and production of hydrolysing secretomes by the fungus. Cultivation of A. terreus on native paddy straw in LF culture system resulted in better enzyme production, and holds promise for further optimization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. Variation due to Growth Environment in Alfalfa Yield, Cellulosic Ethanol Traits, and Paper Pulp Characteristics
- Author
-
Rock, Katie Petersen, Thelemann, Ryan T., Jung, Hans-Joachim G., Tschirner, Ulrike W., Sheaffer, Craig C., and Johnson, Gregg A.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Exploring the Valorization Potential of Sugarcane Bagasse Pith: a Review.
- Author
-
Agarwal, Nitin Kumar, Kumar, Madan, Pattnaik, Falguni, Kumari, Pratishtha, Vijay, Virendra Kumar, and Kumar, Vivek
- Subjects
ALTERNATIVE fuels ,ENVIRONMENTAL health ,SUGARCANE ,PULP mills ,BAGASSE ,PAPER mills ,PAPER pulp - Abstract
The pith is the internal part of the sugarcane plant with short and variable fiber length. The presence of pith creates process-related issues in papermaking, so it must be removed from the bagasse. Pith has low calorific value, and burning of pith in boilers also creates boiler operational issues as well as environmental pollution and health hazards. The imposition of stringent emission norms by the environmental regulatory bodies is compelling these industries to search for cleaner alternatives to fuels. Pith is generated in huge quantities so its disposal or management will become a major challenge if industries shift to cleaner fuel. Considering these pressing issues and some recent relevant research reported on pith valorization, this study was planned to explore the potential of pith valorization. Therefore, in the present review, research studies available on alternate routes for the valorization of pith into value-added products have been extensively covered. Since pith is also lignocellulosic biomass, therefore, its valorization after pretreatment and as such direct utilization (without pretreatment) has also been categorically discussed. Furthermore, the promising pathways and prospective research in pith valorization are discussed that will make the sugar and associated pulp and paper mill more economically and environmentally sustainable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Study on the Pyrolysis Characteristics, Kinetics and Mineral Transformation of Paper Sludge
- Author
-
Leihua Feng, Mengxia Qing, Shan Cheng, Hong Tian, Yanshan Yin, Zihan Yuan, Wei Zhang, Wu Zihua, Huixia Yin, and Song Quanbin
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Calcite ,Thermogravimetric analysis ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Mullite ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Thermogravimetry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Chemical engineering ,010608 biotechnology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Kaolinite ,Char ,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Pyrolysis ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
To effectively utilize paper sludge and allow for energy recovery, the thermal behaviors of two paper sludge (PS) were studied by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The kinetic analysis was conducted according to Coats-Redfern (CR) method. The evolution of pore structure and surface morphology was investigated by N2 adsorption and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The mineral transformation was analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Derivative thermogravimetry (DTG) curves of PS show two different stages. The first stage was due to devolatilization (200–400 °C) and the second stage (650–800 °C) accounted for the mineral decomposition and char degradation. It was found that a large number of pores formed during pyrolysis because of char fragmentation. The specific surface areas increased from 5.161 to 22.894 m2 g−1 for PSA and from 9.007 to 16.126 m2 g−1 for PSB with the increase of temperature. The intense absorption bands of calcite (1426, 875 and 712 cm−1) in raw material indicated that calcite was the main mineral of PS. The decomposition of calcite at 700 °C and the further production of gehlenite (916 cm−1) at 900 °C, and the dehydration of kaolinite at 500 °C and further transformation into mullite (996 cm−1) at 900 °C were observed by both FTIR and XRD. The XRD results were generally consistent with FTIR analyses.
- Published
- 2021
9. Corncob Fractionations Toward Two Purposes: Furfural Production and Papermaking.
- Author
-
Fan, Yufei and Ji, Hairui
- Subjects
CORNCOBS ,PAPERMAKING ,FURFURAL ,SULFAMIC acid ,TENSILE strength ,SOFTWOOD - Abstract
Burning corncob for energy requirements caused a huge waste of biomass resources and serious environment pollution. Herein, this study provided a high-value utilization strategy for corncob. Corncob was first pretreated by hydrothermal process. The collected hydrolysates were converted into furfural by a recyclable solid acid with a yield of 52.35%. The pretreated solid was disintegrated into fibers by disc grinding. When corncob fiber addition is below 15%, the ring crush index, tear index, and tensile strength index of the prepared handsheets increased by 1.43 N·m/g, 0.43 mN·m
2 /g, and 4.66 N·m/g, respectively, compared with that using pure softwood fibers. Besides, corncob fibers were hydrophilically modified with aminosulfonic acid. Water retention value of paper with the modified fiber addition increased by 48.35%. Therefore, this study provided a method of corncob utilization toward two purposes: furfural production and papermaking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Variation due to Growth Environment in Alfalfa Yield, Cellulosic Ethanol Traits, and Paper Pulp Characteristics
- Author
-
Gregg A. Johnson, Katie Petersen Rock, Ryan T. Thelemann, Craig C. Sheaffer, Ulrike W Tschirner, and Hans-Joachim G. Jung
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Pulp (paper) ,food and beverages ,Biology ,engineering.material ,Raw material ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Agronomy ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,Cellulosic ethanol ,Bioenergy ,engineering ,Lignin ,Cellulose ,Energy source ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) is a promising bioenergy and bioproduct feedstock because of its high yield, N-fixation capacity, potential for planting in rotation with corn (Zea mays L.), and valuable protein co-product (leaf meal). Our objective was to examine the effect of growth environment on biomass yield, cellulosic ethanol traits, and paper pulp fiber characteristics of alfalfa stems. Landscape position (summit and mild slope), season of harvest (four harvests per season), and multiple years (2005 and 2006) provided environmental variation. Alfalfa stem samples were analyzed for cell wall carbohydrate and lignin concentration. Stems were subjected to dilute acid pre-treatment, enzymatic saccharification, and pulping processes to measure relevant cellulosic ethanol and paper production traits. Landscape position was not a significant source of variation for yield or any biomass quality trait. Yields varied among harvests in 2005 (1,410–3,265 kg ha−1) and 2006 (1,610–3,795 kg ha−1). All cell wall, conversion test, and paper production traits exhibited year by harvest interactions with no clear pattern. Total carbohydrates and lignin ranged from 440 to 531 g kg−1 DM and from 113 to 161 g kg-1 DM, respectively. Release of cell wall sugars by the conversion test ranged widely (419 to 962 g kg−1 DM). Fiber traits were similarly variable with length and fine content ranging from 1.24 to 1.59 mm and from 15.2% to 21.9%, respectively. Utilizing alfalfa biomass for cellulosic ethanol and paper pulp production will involve dealing with significant feedstock quality variation due to growth environment.
- Published
- 2009
11. Cellulolytic Microflora Pretreatment Increases the Efficiency of Anaerobic Co-digestion of Rice Straw and Pig Manure.
- Author
-
Shen, Fei, Zhong, Bin, Wang, Yanling, Xia, Xiang, Zhai, Zhijun, and Zhang, Qinghua
- Subjects
ANAEROBIC digestion ,RICE straw ,AGRICULTURAL wastes ,ANIMAL waste ,DIGESTION ,FILTER paper ,SUSTAINABLE development - Abstract
Agricultural wastes have severely polluted the environment and obstruct the sustainable development of modern agriculture due to a lack of effective disposal methods. The present study conducted batch experiments in which rice straw (RS) and pig manure (PM) mixtures were pretreated with a previously developed cellulolytic microflora prior to their mesophilic anaerobic co-digestion. Optimal anaerobic digestion (AD) performance of RS and PM could be achieved after biological pretreatment with this specific cellulolytic microflora for 30 h. Under this condition, the filter paper cellulase (FPase) and carboxymethyl cellulase (CMCase) activities in RS and PM degradation broths reached maxima of 2.25 and 2.58 IU/mL, respectively, and the weight loss ratio reached 39.4%. After the subsequent AD process, the methane yield of RS and PM mixtures reached 263.69 mL/g-VS, which was 47.6% higher than that of the control group (CK) without biological pretreatment (178.66 mL/g-VS). In addition, the daily methane production peak duration (3 day) of the anaerobic co-digestion of RS and PM after 30 h of biological pretreatment with this microflora was longer than that of CK (1 day). The above results further indicated that pretreatment of RS and PM mixtures with microflora greatly enhanced the methane yield and prolonged the peak period of methane production in the subsequent anaerobic co-digestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. <italic>Paenibacillus</italic> sp. A59 GH10 and GH11 Extracellular Endoxylanases: Application in Biomass Bioconversion.
- Author
-
Ghio, Silvina, Ontañon, Ornella, Piccinni, Florencia E., Marrero Díaz de Villegas, Rubén, Talia, Paola, Grasso, Daniel H., and Campos, Eleonora
- Subjects
XYLANS ,BIODEGRADATION ,PAPER industry ,BIOMASS energy ,POLYSACCHARIDES - Abstract
The cost-efficient degradation of xylan to fermentable sugars is of particular interest in second generation bioethanol production, feed, food, and pulp and paper industries. Multiple potentially secreted enzymes involved in polysaccharide deconstruction are encoded in the genome of
Paenibacillus sp. A59, a xylanolytic soil bacterium, such as three endoxylanases, seven GH43 β-xylosidases, and two GH30 glucuronoxylanases. In secretome analysis of xylan cultures, ten glycoside hydrolases were identified, including the three predicted endoxylanases, confirming their active role. The two uni-modular xylanases, a 32-KDa GH10 and a 20-KDa GH11, were recombinantly expressed and their activity on xylan was confirmed (106 and 85 IU/mg, respectively), with differences in their activity pattern. Both endoxylanases released mainly xylobiose (X2) and xylotriose (X3) from xylan and pre-treated biomasses (wheat straw, barley straw, and sweet corn cob), although only rGH10XynA released xylose (X1). rGH10XynA presented optimal conditions at pH 6, with thermal stability at 45–50 °C, while rGH11XynB showed activity in a wider range of pH, from 5 to 9, and was thermostable only at 45 °C. Moreover, GH11XynB presented sigmoidal kinetics on xylan, indicating possible cooperative binding, which was further supported by the structural model. This study provides a detailed analysis of the complete set of carbohydrate-active enzymes encoded inPaenibacillus sp. A59 genome and those effectively implicated in hemicellulose hydrolysis, contributing to understanding the mechanisms necessary for the bioconversion of this polysaccharide. Moreover, the two main free secreted xylanases, rGH10XynA and rGH11XynB, were fully characterized, supporting their potential application in industrial bioprocesses on lignocellulosic biomass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Biomass and Total Lipid Content Assessment of Microalgal Cultures Using Near and Short Wave Infrared Spectroscopy.
- Author
-
Challagulla, Vineela, Walsh, Kerry, and Subedi, Phul
- Subjects
NEAR infrared spectroscopy ,MICROALGAE ,LIPIDS ,CHLORELLA vulgaris ,FILTER paper ,LEAST squares ,CALIBRATION - Abstract
The technique of near and short wave near-infrared spectroscopy was assessed with respect to analysis of dry matter and lipid content of microalgae with potential for biodiesel production. Microalgal culture samples were filtered through GF/C filter papers and spectral measurements of wet and oven dried (60 °C overnight) filter papers over the ranges of 300-1,100 nm and 1,100-2,500 nm were recorded. Partial least square models on culture biomass and lipid content for combined species data were poor in terms of RMSECV, R and the ratio of RMSECV to SD. A single species model for C. vulgaris based on 1,100-2,500 nm spectra of dry filtrate supported a model with RMSECV, R and SDR values of 0.32 g L, 0.955 and 3.38 for biomass and 0.089 g L, 0.874 and 2.06 with lipid, respectively. However, the dry filtrate models on biomass and lipid content performed poorly in the prediction of samples drawn from an independent series of C. vulgaris cultured under N-, P- and Fe-limited growth trial. Thus, while the near-infrared spectroscopy technique has potential for assessment of dry matter and lipid content of microalgal cultures using a dried filtrate sample, further work is required to examine the limits to model robustness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Components Analysis of Recycled Alkali Black Liquor Combined with Corn Straw Under Ozone Pretreatment
- Author
-
Zhezhen Zhao, Xia Zhou, Yiming Li, Ping Liu, Xiaohong Lu, Fei Li, and Shuo Fang
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_compound ,Ozone ,chemistry ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,food and beverages ,Straw ,Alkali metal ,Pulp and paper industry ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Black liquor ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Previous studies showed that the cellulase hydrolysis of corn straw pretreated with circulating alkali black liquor combined with ozone was suppressed. In this paper, the alkali black liquor was sequentially withdrawn for 0–6 times under the optimal pretreatment conditions, and components characterization was analyzed to identify the main factors inhibiting cellulase hydrolysis in recycled alkali black liquor. Through the component analysis, the organic matter and acid precipitation contents increased throughout the cycles. At the fourth cycle, the cellulase hydrolysis rate was decreased significantly, the growth of lignin content in alkali black liquor was slowed down and the total dissolved solid increment was decreased to 8.33mg/mL, 69.52% lower than previous cycle increase. GC-MS results showed that phenols, benzene ring heterocyclic and furans were main degradation products. It indicated that small molecular organics and lignin were inhibitors of cellulase hydrolysis, which accumulated during recycling, reducing alkali utilization and delignification efficiency, resulting in lower enzymatic hydrolysis rate. This study has revealed the components inhibiting the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn straw in recycled alkali black liquor, which is beneficial to the recovery and efficient utilization of recycled alkali black liquor.
- Published
- 2021
15. A Review on the Palm Oil Waste Thermal Degradation Analysis and Its Kinetic Triplet Study.
- Author
-
Azahar, A. A., Nurhafizah, M. D., Abdullah, N., and Ul-Hamid, A.
- Subjects
PETROLEUM waste ,OIL palm ,THERMAL analysis ,EVIDENCE gaps ,MOLECULAR structure ,ACTIVATION energy ,VEGETABLE oils - Abstract
The rising use of palm oil has increased palm oil waste. Several organisations repurpose the palm oil waste from the extraction process by altering its molecular structure through thermal degradation. This review paper aims to provide an overview of the various degradation methods (pyrolysis, torrefaction, gasification, and hydrothermal) used on palm oil waste, as well as the factors (particle size, pretreatment, and heating rate) that influence degradation and the behaviours (conversion, heating zone, activation energy, pre-exponential factor, and reaction model) that are observed during degradation. The paper also compares and contrasts the thermal degradation latest research in this field from 2018 to 2022, highlighting the advantages and disadvantages of different degradation techniques and identifying research gaps and future recommendations. The review also identified that the activation energy for degradation tends to increase with increasing heating rate and that the conversion of feedstocks to products can be improved through the pretreatment and the waste particle size optimisation. For the reaction model of palm oil waste, the first-order reaction model is often used to describe the degradation of empty fruit bunches (EFB) during pyrolysis, while the 3-dimensional (3D) diffusion (Jander) model is commonly used for oil palm shell (OPS) and the reaction order for mesocarp fibre (MF) varied between studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Preparation of Ni-La/Al2O3-CeO2-Bamboo Charcoal Catalyst and Its Application in Co-pyrolysis of Straw and Plastic for Hydrogen Production
- Author
-
Zeshan Li, Bolin Li, Rongyi Gao, Jianfen Li, Yun He, Yiran Zhang, and Qin Zhenhua
- Subjects
Materials science ,Hydrogen ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Bamboo charcoal ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Biomass ,Polyethylene ,Straw ,Pulp and paper industry ,Catalysis ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,visual_art ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Charcoal ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,Hydrogen production - Abstract
The developed Ni-La/Al2O3-CeO2-Bamboo charcoal (ACB) catalyst was applied to the co-pyrolysis of straw and plastic to produce hydrogen in a horizontal quartz tube pyrolysis furnace. In this study, the effects of the mixing ratio of straw and plastic, the presence and stability of the catalyst on the co-pyrolysis hydrogen production were investigated. Experiment showed that the addition of PE can increase the yield of H2 within a certain range, and the best mass ratio of 5:5 was found. In the co-pyrolysis process with the participation of the catalysts, the macromolecular tar can be cracked into combustible gases such as H2, and the H2 yield could be increased to 332.2ml/g (Ni-La/ACB) is much higher than 68.87ml/g without catalyst. Compared with Ni/ACB, Ni-La/ACB had been increased the alkalinity by adding La element and enhanced the carbon deposition resistance of the catalyst, which makes the catalyst maintain higher stability. This was also confirmed in stability test experiments.
- Published
- 2021
17. Comparative study of solid biofuels derived from sugarcane leaves with two different thermochemical conversion methods: wet and dry torrefaction
- Author
-
Pumin Kongto, Jarunee Khempila, and Pattanapol Meena
- Subjects
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Biofuel ,Torrefaction ,Pulp and paper industry ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Published
- 2021
18. Investigating the effect of compaction on the anaerobic digestion process of rice straw
- Author
-
Yi-Chen Sun, Pei Wu, Jing Wang, Jin-Zhu Dong, Guang-Yin Chen, Xue-Qian Fan, and Hai-Nan Cao
- Subjects
Anaerobic digestion ,Biogas ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Yield (chemistry) ,Digestate ,Compaction ,Straw ,Biodegradation ,Pulp and paper industry ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Anaerobic exercise ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the effects of compaction on the anaerobic biodegradability of straw. In the study, compaction tests were carried out at different applied pressures, i.e., 0 (CK), 277 (T1), 555 (T2), and 1109 Pa (T3), respectively. The results showed that the maximum gain in biogas production was 298.35 mL·g−1 TS for the T2 reactor, significantly higher than CK (228.51 mL·g−1 TS) and T3 (249.14 mL·g−1 TS) reactors. The concentration of COD and TVFA of the T3 reactor was the highest throughout the anaerobic digestion (AD) process, the same thing for DHA, with maximum values of 39.12 g/L, 11.62 g/L, and 31.97 ug TPF/(h mL), respectively. However, the effect of compaction on the physical and chemical indicators of digestive fluid was not significant during the batch-type AD process. The factor analysis results suggested that the major factors affecting biogas production were influenced by the compaction and varied based on the different stages of digestion. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed that the straw surface was damaged as the compaction increases. The degradation of TS in the AD did correlate to biogas yield, the best performance of TS loss rate was T2 (44.79%), and the lowest was CK (37.64%). This research concluded that compaction on gas production via changing the environment during the bath AD process and proper compaction could positively affect biogas yield, while excessive compaction will inhibit gas production. The impacts of compaction on the physicochemical indexes of the liquid digestate, structural and compositional changes of solid digestate, and biogas yield
- Published
- 2021
19. Enzymatic Hydrolysis Intensification of Lignocellulolytic Enzymes Through Ultrasonic Treatment
- Author
-
Rosana Goldbeck, Maria Augusta de Carvalho Silvello, Aline Frumi Camargo, Helen Treichel, Thamarys Scapini, and Shukra Raj Paudel
- Subjects
Hydrolysis ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Enzymatic hydrolysis ,Yield (chemistry) ,Biomass ,Ethanol fuel ,Raw material ,Straw ,Bagasse ,Pulp and paper industry ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Ultrasound technology is often associated with harmful effects on enzyme reactions, although it is possible to improve the productivity of bioprocesses when suitable conditions are employed. Sugarcane bagasse and straw are the feedstocks widely used in Brazil for second-generation (2G) ethanol production; however, the lignocellulose biomass conversion into fermentable sugars through the enzymatic route is not yet fully optimized. Lignocellulolytic enzymes represent a significant part of the costs related to 2G ethanol production. Nonetheless, they exhibit great potential for cost reduction due to improved enzyme features: mainly increment of its activity and an increase of hydrolysis yield. This enzymatic hydrolysis of feedstock can be enhanced by green technology ultrasound application’s combined action on the enzymes and their substrates. The mixed action increases the lignocellulose saccharification; hence, it is considered a promising alternative for fermentable sugar release. The process optimization using green approaches, such as ultrasound and enzymatic treatment, can boost the sugar yield, thus emphasizing the importance of steps integration towards biomass conversion. This review attempts to provide an overview of the effects of ultrasound treatment on lignocellulolytic enzymes used in the 2G ethanol production and those of the process intensification through an unprecedented bibliometric search.
- Published
- 2021
20. Anaerobic Digestion Under Alkaline Conditions from Thermochemical Pretreated Microalgal Biomass
- Author
-
Marcia Morales-Ibarría, Aída Tapia-Rodríguez, Mariana Candia-Lomeli, Elías Razo-Flores, and Lourdes B. Celis
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,food and beverages ,Biomass ,Raw material ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,Methane ,Anaerobic digestion ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biogas ,Organic matter ,Hydrogen peroxide ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Scenedesmus ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Microalgae biomass can be a feedstock for anaerobic digestion, but the recalcitrance of the cell wall limits fully exploiting this source of organic matter. Alkaline pretreatments modify the structure of the cell wall facilitating bacterial attack and solubilizing the organic matter content. It is unknown whether alkaline hydrogen peroxide can help to improve biogas production from microalgae biomass compared to other alkaline pretreatments. This work focused on methane production at alkaline conditions (pH 9) with pretreated microalgal biomass (Scenedesmus obtusiusculus). Alkaline hydrogen peroxide (AHP) was used for the thermo-alkaline pretreatment and compared with pretreatments using NaOH or CaO. The pretreatment with 15% CaO solubilized the highest carbohydrates (22.1%) and proteins (18.3%), while the microalgal biomass pretreated with 4 M NaOH or 1.5% AHP attained the highest yields of methane (227.1 mL and 208.4 mL CH4/g VS, respectively), improving the methane potential between 34 and 46%, and producing biogas with methane content up to 91%. A preliminary techno-economic and energy analysis showed energy savings of 40% with 4 M NaOH and 31% with 1.5% AHP; therefore, AHP could be considered a suitable option for the pretreatment of microalgal biomass.
- Published
- 2021
21. Torrefaction of Densified Woody Biomass: The Effect of Pellet Size on Thermochemical and Thermophysical Characteristics
- Author
-
Mohammednoor Altarawneh, Ibukun Oluwoye, Yasir M. Al-Abdeli, and Sajid Riaz
- Subjects
Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Pellets ,Biomass ,Pulp and paper industry ,Torrefaction ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Pellet ,Hardwood ,Thermal stability ,Heat of combustion ,Hemicellulose ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Thermal pretreatment by torrefaction is known to produce improved properties in biomass fuels, but the role of pellet size on key properties in commercially available hardwood derived fuel has not been investigated to date. In this study, densified Australian woody biomass was torrefied over different temperatures (250–300 °C), time (30 and 60 min) and mean pellet size (7 ± 0.5 mm and 15 ± 0.5 mm). Benchmarking, relative to raw fuel properties, is reported in terms of proximate analysis, high heating value (HHV) and water immersion tests as well as FTIR and thermal stability (TGA). Significant differences of 23.55% in mass loss (ML) and 10% in hygroscopic behaviour were observed at varied pellet size. FTIR analysis of the samples identified reduction of polar species such as the hydroxyl (-OH) functional group during torrefaction. This increased the hydrophobicity of torrefied pellets. Torrefaction of larger sized pellets was also accompanied with lower hemicellulose and cellulose degradation. A correlation predicted the HHV of the torrefied pellets which fits well with the actual HHV’s of the wide body of literature with an average difference of less than 1 MJ/kg. Pellet sizing was found to impact the fuel properties only at milder torrefaction conditions. As such, with the increase in torrefaction severity, the effect of pellet size became insignificant. The outcomes emphasise the need to describe pellet size distributions when reporting torrefaction performance indicators, particularly if commercial scale torrefaction is used at higher temperatures and longer times.
- Published
- 2021
22. Binderless Briquetting of Mixed Cassava Rhizome, Sugarcane Bagasse, and Sugarcane Straw for Producing Solid Biofuel with High Durability
- Author
-
Fábio Minoru Yamaji, Cláudio De Conti, Gabriela Tami Nakashima, Marcos Paulo Patta Granado, Elias Ricardo Durango Padilla, Andrea Cressoni de Conti, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), and Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar)
- Subjects
Briquette ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Mixing (process engineering) ,Biomass ,Agriculture ,Straw ,Pulp and paper industry ,Durability ,Rhizome ,Waste ,Biofuel ,Densification ,Bioenergy ,Bagasse ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Brazil ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-29T08:30:38Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES) This study aimed at investigating the binderless densification of biomass for the production of a durable solid biofuel by mixing cassava rhizome, sugarcane bagasse, and sugarcane straw. Six different treatments were applied with specific percentages of these three biomass feedstocks for the densification in a lab-scale press with heating of 120 °C. Three blend treatments and three 100% material treatments (without mix) were analyzed. Achieved briquettes were examined via various tests including proximate analysis, volumetric expansion, compression test, and energy index to assess the mechanical and energetic properties. Results indicated that the mixtures are suitable for the production of briquettes and treatment B2 was the best blend for briquette production. This study suggested that binderless densification of biomass can be achieved with the mixing of cassava rhizome, sugarcane bagasse, and sugarcane straw, which will support the development of qualified solid biofuels without the cost of binders. Department of Energy Engineering BioJoule - Biomass Densification Laboratory Department of Energy Engineering São Paulo State University (Unesp), Campus of Rosana, SP Department of Mechanical Engineering São Paulo State University, SP Department of Environmental Sciences Federal University of São Carlos, SP Department of Energy Engineering BioJoule - Biomass Densification Laboratory Department of Energy Engineering São Paulo State University (Unesp), Campus of Rosana, SP Department of Mechanical Engineering São Paulo State University, SP FAPESP: #2018/11837-2 FAPESP: #2018/14827-8 CAPES: 001
- Published
- 2021
23. Development and Applications of Attached Growth System for Microalgae Biomass Production
- Author
-
Gulab Singh and S.K. Patidar
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,fungi ,Biofilm ,food and beverages ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition ,Carbon sequestration ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Wastewater ,Biofuel ,010608 biotechnology ,Bioproducts ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,Sewage treatment ,Water quality ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
With realizing the potential of algal biomass as a good natural resource for the harnessing of valuable bioproducts, algal biomass production has gained a lot of interest in recent years. However, due to some limitations such as low harvesting efficiency, higher nutrient supply, and high water requirement, the production of algal biomass is uneconomical. Over the past several years, researchers are continuously working on growing algae as a biofilm for easy microalgae harvesting, concentration of algal biomass to a great extent, and requiring less quantity of water as compared to other microalgae cultivation methods. Most of the documented studies have been carried out on either use of algal biomass for tertiary treatment of wastewater or cultivation and harvesting of algal biomass for biofuel production. Limited research studies have documented other applications of the algal biofilm system. The present review paper summarizes the current knowledge on various factors affecting microalgae growth, development of algal biofilm, and operation of algal biofilm systems to help properly understand and optimize these factors for better economics, more positive environmental impacts, and successful potential applications of the attached growth systems. The important factors include the structure of algal biofilms, EPS matrix, supporting materials, nutrient availability, environmental conditions, and biofilm thickness and harvesting frequency. The potential applications such as wastewater treatment, CO2 sequestration, microalgae–microbial fuel cell, large-scale biomass production, and water quality improvement are also discussed.
- Published
- 2020
24. Blends of charcoal fines and wood improve the combustibility and quality of the solid biofuels
- Author
-
João Gabriel Missia da Silva, Analder Sant’Anna Neto, Natália Dias de Souza, Ananias Francisco Dias Júnior, Mariana Aya Suuchi, José Otávio Brito, Álison Moreira da Silva, and Thiago de Paula Protásio
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,MADEIRA ,Briquette ,biology ,Moisture ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Fluorescence spectrometry ,02 engineering and technology ,Schizolobium parahyba ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Combustibility ,Biofuel ,010608 biotechnology ,visual_art ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,visual_art.visual_art_medium ,Environmental science ,Heat of combustion ,Charcoal ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The effects of the blends of charcoal fines and Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (parica) wood on the briquette quality and on the combustibility of this solid biofuel is not fully understood, especially from fast-growing plantations with Amazonian tree species. In addition, this paper presents new information about the occurrence of inorganic elements that may contribute to increase the emission of toxic compounds in the combustion of parica wood, for example, Cl. Thus, this study evaluated the composition of charcoal and S. parahyba var. amazonicum wood for briquettes, investigating the occurrence of inorganic elements responsible for the toxic organochlorine contaminants. Different formulations between charcoal and S. parahyba var. amazonicum wood were analyzed and later compacted in a laboratory briquetting machine with temperature of 90 °C and pressure of 5 MPa. The chemical and elemental composition of S. parahyba var. amazonicum wood was determined using X-ray fluorescence spectrometry (μ-XRF). The briquettes produced were tested for bulk and energy densities, proximate composition, heating value, equilibrium moisture, and resistance to diametral compression. S. parahyba var. amazonicum wood had chlorine levels below the recommended by international standards for solid biofuel intended for non-industrial use (< 300 mg kg−1). S. parahyba var. amazonicum, despite being a fast-growing species, has ideal chemical characteristics for energy purposes (Cl, S, and ashes). The most suitable briquettes were those produced with 50% of charcoal and 50% of S. parahyba var. amazonicum wood. This solid biofuel showed higher heating value of 22.74 MJ kg−1 and ash content of 2.65% db.
- Published
- 2020
25. Economic and Energy Valorization of Cassava Stalks as Feedstock for Ethanol and Electricity Production
- Author
-
Carlos A. Cardona, Laura Daza, and Carlos A. García-Velásquez
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,Ethanol fermentation ,engineering.material ,Raw material ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Electricity generation ,Stalk ,Bioenergy ,010608 biotechnology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,engineering ,Environmental science ,Ethanol fuel ,Fertilizer ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,Efficient energy use - Abstract
Cassava (Manihot esculenta) is a woody bush extensively cultivated as an annual crop in tropical and subtropical regions for its edible starchy tuberous root, a major source of carbohydrates. The main residue from its cultivation is the cassava stalk, which is normally used as soil fertilizer or in culture propagation. The main goal of this paper is to evaluate two routes (biochemical and thermochemical) for bioenergy production (ethanol and synthesis gas—electricity) using cassava stalk as raw material. A detailed techno-economic and energy assessment is carried out based on the simulation approach of both conversion routes to determine the production costs of main products and the overall energy efficiency of the processes. The electricity production costs vary from 0.008 to 0.037 USD/MJ, whereas the ethanol production costs range from 1.11 to 2.02 USD/L (including subsidies). The change in the production costs was observed due to the assumptions of the model, e.g., cassava stalk, transportation, and enzyme costs. The overall energy efficiency of the gasification and ethanol fermentation was 68.7 and 25.1%, respectively.
- Published
- 2020
26. Key Factors Affecting the Recalcitrance and Conversion Process of Biomass
- Author
-
Celso Sant’Anna, Michel Brienzo, Wanderley de Souza, Fernando Carlos Pagnocca, Ranieri Bueno Melati, Felipe Lange Shimizu, and Gabriel Monteiro de Oliveira
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Pulp (paper) ,food and beverages ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,engineering.material ,Raw material ,Pulp and paper industry ,complex mixtures ,01 natural sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,Bioenergy ,010608 biotechnology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,engineering ,Lignin ,Hemicellulose ,Cellulose ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass is one of the most abundant raw materials in the world, and it is mainly composed of carbohydrate polymers (cellulose and hemicellulose) and lignin. Its applications vary from the production of pulp and paper, to the most recent plant-based bioethanol production, which has challenge due to low hydrolysis conversion rates by the inherit recalcitrance of biomass. The biomass is naturally resistant due the high complexity in the component organization and interaction in the cell wall. The application of pretreatment technologies is one of the most used strategies to overcome biomass recalcitrance. These techniques often require a catalyst to modify the lignocellulosic structure which can be acids, alkaline compounds, ionic solutions, organic solvents, and even pressurized steam among others. The type of catalyst dictates the name of the pretreatment involved. This work presents an overview of these strategies, along with some recent contributions from the scientific community to improve biomass conversion technologies. The discussion is focused on the key factors related to the recalcitrance and conversion process, as well as the composition and physicochemical properties.
- Published
- 2018
27. Rice Husk and Its Pretreatments for Bio-oil Production via Fast Pyrolysis: a Review
- Author
-
Siu Hua Chang
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,food and beverages ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,Fuel oil ,Raw material ,Torrefaction ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Husk ,Bioenergy ,Biofuel ,010608 biotechnology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Pyrolysis ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Rice husk is a prospective bio-oil feedstock due to its plentiful supply, but its unfavorable characteristics like high moisture content, high ash content, and low energy density tend to jeopardize both the yield and quality of bio-oil produced by fast pyrolysis. Lately, various pretreatments, namely, washing, torrefaction (dry and wet), and their combined pretreatments, have been researched on rice husk with the aim of improving its unfavorable characteristics for bio-oil production. However, the influences of different pretreatments on pretreated rice husk and the subsequent bio-oil produced have not been compared. Hence, this review paper presents an overview of rice husk as a bio-oil feedstock and its pretreatment methods for bio-oil production via fast pyrolysis. Particular emphasis is placed on the rice husk characteristics and their impacts on the bio-oil production via fast pyrolysis, as well as the different types of rice husk pretreatment and their influences on the characteristics of pretreated rice husk, product yields of fast pyrolysis, and the composition and physical properties of the bio-oil produced. A comparison of the physicochemical properties of rice husk- and other biomass-based bio-oil alongside those of petroleum fuel oil is also outlined. Major challenges and future prospects towards the utilization of rice husk as a bio-oil feedstock and the integration of rice husk pretreatment with fast pyrolysis for large-scale applications are also discussed.
- Published
- 2019
28. Use of Lignocellulosic Residue from Second-Generation Ethanol Production to Enhance Methane Production Through Co-digestion
- Author
-
Gustavo Mockaitis, Telma Teixeira Franco, Lívia B. Brenelli, Bruna de Souza Moraes, Maria Paula Cardeal Volpi, Sarita Cândida Rabelo, Universidade Estadual de Campinas (UNICAMP), Brazilian Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), and Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Kinetic modeling ,020209 energy ,Gompertz function ,Vinasse ,Biogas ,02 engineering and technology ,01 natural sciences ,Methane ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,010608 biotechnology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Ethanol fuel ,Micronutrients ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Thermophile ,Straw ,Biorefinery ,Pulp and paper industry ,Filter cake ,Anaerobic digestion ,Deacetylation liquor ,Yield (chemistry) ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,1G2G ethanol ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2022-04-28T19:40:53Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2022-03-01 Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado de São Paulo (FAPESP) This is a pioneer study evaluating the methane (CH4) production potential from residues of integrated first (vinasse and filter cake) and second (deacetylation pretreatment liquor from straw) generation (1G2G) sugarcane biorefinery, providing a fully chemical characterization of them and their relation with the anaerobic digestion (AD) process. Small-scale assays provided fundamentals for basing the co-digestion optimization by assessing the optimal co-substrates synergistic conditions. Biochemical methane potential (BMP) tests showed co-digestion enhanced CH4 yield of isolated substrates, reaching up to 605 NmLCH4 gVS−1. The association of vinasse and deacetylation liquor as co-substrates increased the BMP by ~ 38% mostly by nutritionally benefiting the methanogenic activity. The kinetic analysis confirmed that the deacetylation liquor was the co-substrate responsible for improving the CH4 production in the co-digestion systems due to the highest CH4 conversion rate. The alkaline characteristic of the liquor (pH ~ 12) also prevented alkalizing from being added to the co-digestion, an input that normally makes the process economically unfeasible to implement on an industrial scale due to the large quantities required for buffering the reactor. The filter cake had the lowest BMP (262 NmLCH4 gVS−1) and digestibility (≤ 40%), further limited by the required stirring to improve the mass transfer of biochemical reactions. The present study drives towards the more sustainable use of vinasse, the most voluminous waste from the sugarcane industry, and lignin-rich residues derived from pretreatment alkaline methods, aiming at an energy-efficient utilization, by at least 16% when compared to the traditional vinasse AD. The experimental and modeling elements from this work indicated the lignin-rich liquor is the main responsible for putting the co-digestion as a disruptive technological arrangement within the 1G2G sugarcane biorefineries, reinforcing the biogas production as the hub of the bioeconomy in the agroindustrial sector. Interdisciplinary Center of Energy Planning University of Campinas (NIPE/UNICAMP), R. Cora Coralina, 330 – Cidade Universitária, São Paulo Interdisciplinary Research Group On Biotechnology Applied To the Agriculture and the Environment (GBMA) School of Agricultural Engineering (FEAGRI) University of Campinas (UNICAMP), Av. Candido Rondon, 501 – Cidade Universitária, São Paulo Brazilian Biorenewables National Laboratory (LNBR) Brazilian Center of Research in Energy and Materials (CNPEM), Giuseppe Máximo Scolfaro, 10000 – Bosque das Palmeiras, São Paulo Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology College of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Universitária, nº 3780 – Altos do Paraíso, São Paulo Chemical Engineering School University of Campinas (FEQ/UNICAMP), Av. Albert Einstein 500, São Paulo Department of Bioprocess and Biotechnology College of Agricultural Sciences São Paulo State University (UNESP), Av. Universitária, nº 3780 – Altos do Paraíso, São Paulo FAPESP: 2015/50612-8 FAPESP: 2016/16438-3 FAPESP: 2018/09893-1
- Published
- 2021
29. Anaerobic Co-Digestion of Tannery Wastes and Untreated/Pretreated Oat Straw
- Author
-
Mariliz Gutterres, Aline Dettmer, Caroline Borges Agustini, and Taysnara Simioni
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,animal structures ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,food and beverages ,Sterilization (microbiology) ,Pulp and paper industry ,Autoclave ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Waste treatment ,chemistry ,Biogas ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,Lignin ,Organic matter ,Hemicellulose ,Cellulose ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The combination of carbon and nitrogen-rich co-substrates results in a better balance and increases the stability of the anaerobic co-digestion (AcoD) process. In this work, the AcoD process of waste from the leather industry (shavings and sludge) with waste from agriculture (oat straw) was assessed with regard to the energy (biogas production) and waste treatment efficiency (reduction of organic matter). The results indicate that the addition of untreated oat straw improved the AcoD process, increasing biogas production (25.44 mL of cumulative biogas/g of VSS added) by almost 60% when compared to the AcoD of only leather waste (16.17 mL/gVSS). Also, the effect of acid, alkaline, thermal, and the combination of these pretreatment techniques was evaluated on the lignocellulosic composition of oat straw and on methane yields. Pretreatments improved the characteristics and bioavailability of oat straw, particularly in methodologies that use alkali, with a significant increase in cellulose content accompanied by a decrease in hemicellulose and lignin content. However, the possible formation of secondary products or sterilization of important microorganisms did not reflect in a greater production of biogas: 21.06 mL/gVSS for oat straw pretreated only with HCl and 21.91 mL/gVSS for oat straw pretreated with HCl in autoclave; 5.20 mL/gVSS for oat straw pretreated with NaOH; and 3.43 mL/gVSS for oat straw pretreated with NaOH in autoclave; thermal pretreatment probably has generated toxic compounds from hemicellulose and cellulose degradation, which inhibited the AcoD process and, as consequence, virtually no biogas was produced.
- Published
- 2021
30. Computer-Aided Exergy Evaluation of Hydrothermal Liquefaction for Biocrude Production from Nannochloropsis sp
- Author
-
Ziba Borazjani, Markus Ellersdorfer, Reza Azin, Shahriar Osfouri, and Markus Lehner
- Subjects
Exergy ,Work (thermodynamics) ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Fossil fuel ,Biomass ,Pulp and paper industry ,Renewable energy ,Hydrothermal liquefaction ,Heat exchanger ,Exergy efficiency ,Environmental science ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Biomass (especially algae) is a renewable energy source that can be a great alternative to fossil fuels. Wet algal biomass converts into products such as solid, aqueous, and gaseous phases as well as biocrude in hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL). The aim of this work was to provide detailed exergy analyses of the production of biocrude from Nannochloropsis sp. by HTL. Physical and chemical exergy of the HTL products, exergy losses, exergy efficiency, and exergy distribution of the HTL process were determined in this research. The highest exergy loss and the lowest efficiency values obtained for the heat exchanger were 65,856.83 MJ/hr and 66.64%, respectively, which was mainly caused by the irreversibility of the heat transfer process. Moreover, the HTL reactor had high efficiency (99.9%) due to the complex reactions that occurred at high temperature and pressure. Also, the optimum operating conditions of the reactor were obtained at 350 °C and 20 MPa by using sensitivity analysis. The high overall exergy efficiency of the process (94.93%) indicated that HTL was the most effective process for the conversion of algae. In addition, the exergy recovery values of the overall exergy input values in the HTL process for biocrude, as well as the aqueous, solid, and gas phases, were nearly 74.88%, 18.42%, 0.86%, and 0.76%, respectively. Exergy assessment provides beneficial information for improving the thermodynamic performance of the HTL system.
- Published
- 2021
31. Optimisation of Pretreatment Catalyst, Enzyme Cocktail and Solid Loading for Improved Ethanol Production from Sweet Sorghum Bagasse
- Author
-
Casper B. Dreyer, Eugéne van Rensburg, Johann F. Görgens, and Oscar K. K. Bedzo
- Subjects
Ethanol ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,food and beverages ,Biomass ,Pulp and paper industry ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Bioenergy ,Enzymatic hydrolysis ,Ethanol fuel ,Fermentation ,Bagasse ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Sweet sorghum ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Sweet sorghum bagasse displays many characteristics rendering it a promising substrate for lignocellulosic ethanol production. In this study, the steam pretreatment catalyst, enzymatic hydrolysis and the substrate loading for the fermentation were investigated in order to maximise the production of ethanol from the feedstock. The results deemed water as a sufficient pretreatment catalyst since the SO2 impregnation of the biomass did not produce any significant beneficial effects on the yield of ethanol produced. The preferred pretreatment and enzymatic hydrolysis conditions were incorporated in a fed-batch simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) process using pressed-only (not washed) WIS at a final solid loading of 13% (w/w) that resulted in the targeted ethanol concentration of 39 g/L with a corresponding yield of 82% of the theoretical maximum. Yeast inhibition coupled with significant glucose accumulation was observed at higher solid loadings of 16% and 20%. Ultimately, the sweet sorghum bagasse could be integrated into existing ethanol production regimes to improve the global bioenergy production.
- Published
- 2021
32. Techno-economic Feasibility of Extrusion as a Pretreatment Step for Biogas Production from Grass
- Author
-
Nathalie Devriendt, R. Guisson, Marcella Fernandes de Souza, J. K. Biswas, Bernard Willems, and Erik Meers
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Silage ,020209 energy ,food and beverages ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,Raw material ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Anaerobic digestion ,Biogas ,010608 biotechnology ,otorhinolaryngologic diseases ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,Extrusion ,Leaching (agriculture) ,Tonne ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Grass clippings have a good biomethane potential and, if acquired from roadside verges, nature management or natural grasslands do not compete for arable land, avoiding the food versus fuel debate. However, before the grass is processed in a wet anaerobic digester, a pretreatment step is advisable to minimize the problems associated with its fibrous nature. In this study, the effects of a semi-industrial extrusion pretreatment on fresh and ensiled grass were investigated through an energetic and economic assessment. Extrusion improved the mixing properties of the grass feedstock and reduced the formation of a floating layer even at a solid concentration of 10% (w/v). This pretreatment also enhanced the biomethane potential of ensiled grass and fresh grass by, respectively, 18 and 11% on a fresh matter basis, while shredding reduced this value by 14% when compared to fresh grass. This was attributed to changes in the volatile solids (VS) content of the treated samples, as all conditions resulted in similar biomethane yields when calculated per ton of VS, ranging from 325.5 to 337.6 Nm3 CH4/ton VS. However, ensiling resulted in a longer lag phase during biogas production attributed to the leaching of readily available sugars from the ruptured plant cells; nevertheless, this is not expected to be significant in a buffered industrial system. The revenue resulting from the extrusion treatment, between €6 and €17 per tonne of FM, compensated the cost of this additional step, indicating that extrusion would be a techno-economically sound process for the anaerobic digestion of grass.
- Published
- 2021
33. Pre-dimensioning of Small-Scale Anaerobic Reactors of Food Waste Through Biochemical Methane Potential Assays and Kinetic Models
- Author
-
Brayan Alexis Parra-Orobio, Andrés Donoso-Bravo, and Patricia Torres-Lozada
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Hydraulic retention time ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,business.industry ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,02 engineering and technology ,Kinetic energy ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Renewable energy ,Food waste ,Anaerobic digestion ,Nutrient ,Biogas ,010608 biotechnology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,business ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Anaerobic exercise ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The potential for obtaining renewable energy from organic substrates such as food waste (FW) and biowaste has generated increasing interest in the anaerobic digestion process. Kinetic models are used to analyse the impact of different parameters on biological processes and thus, to optimize them to achieve and to increase the quality and quantity of biogas. This study presents an approximation of the pre-dimensioning of semi-continuous anaerobic reactors treating FW, based on: (i) biochemical methane potential (BMP) assays, in different conditions of substrate-inoculum ratio (S/I: 0.5 and 4.0 g volatile solid-VSsubstrate·g VSinoculum−1) and nutrients (with macro-nutrients (N and P) and micronutrients, only micronutrients (Ni, Co, Mo and Fe) and without nutrients), and (ii) the kinetic performance through three kinetic models (transfer function-TF, logistic function-LF and modified Gompertz-MG), using Pmax (maximum methane production) and Rmax (maximum rate of methane production) as kinetic parameters related to the hydraulic retention time. The best S/I ratios were below 1.0 gVSsubstrate·gVSinoculum−1 with nutrients. Although the three kinetic models obtained a good fit (R2 > 0.9 and RMSE
- Published
- 2021
34. Biobutanol Production and Advancement
- Author
-
Enosh Phillips
- Subjects
Clostridium ,biology ,Biofuel ,Chemistry ,Production (economics) ,Pulp and paper industry ,biology.organism_classification - Published
- 2021
35. Microbial Xylanases: A Helping Module for the Enzyme Biorefinery Platform
- Author
-
Nisha Bhardwaj and Pradeep Verma
- Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification ,Enzyme ,chemistry ,Microorganism ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,Biorefinery ,Pulp and paper industry - Published
- 2021
36. Strategies for Obtaining Biofuels Through the Fermentation of <scp>C5</scp> ‐Raw Materials: Part 2
- Author
-
Alexandre Soares dos Santos, Kele A. C. Vespermann, Gustavo Molina, Lílian de Araújo Pantoja, and Mayara C. S. Barcelos
- Subjects
Biofuel ,Chemistry ,Biodiesel production ,Lignocellulosic biomass ,Fermentation ,Raw material ,Ethanol fermentation ,Pulp and paper industry - Published
- 2021
37. Strategies for Obtaining Biofuels Through the Fermentation of<scp>C5</scp>‐Raw Materials: Part 1
- Author
-
Lílian de Araújo Pantoja, Mayara C. S. Barcelos, Gustavo Molina, Kele A. C. Vespermann, and Alexandre Soares dos Santos
- Subjects
Xylose metabolism ,Chemistry ,Biofuel ,Fermentation ,Ethanol fermentation ,Raw material ,Pulp and paper industry - Published
- 2021
38. Biohydrogen Production from Cellulosic Waste Biomass
- Author
-
Enosh Phillips
- Subjects
Chemistry ,Cellulosic ethanol ,Hydrogen fuel cell ,Biomass ,Biohydrogen ,Dark fermentation ,Pulp and paper industry - Published
- 2021
39. A Review on Current Trends in Biogas Production from Microalgae Biomass and Microalgae Waste by Anaerobic Digestion and Co-digestion
- Author
-
Joel Moreira, P.J. Sebastian, Adriana Longoria, Yaneth Bustos-Terrones, Emilio Arenas, Patrick U. Okoye, and Laura Vargas-Estrada
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Energy recovery ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Anaerobic digestion ,Biofuel ,010608 biotechnology ,Biodiesel production ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,Co digestion ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Methane gas ,Energy (miscellaneous) ,Biogas production - Abstract
Microalgae are a non-food grade, fast-growing, and non-land competitive biomass with relatively high energy content. The high lipid and mineral contents of microalgae render it beneficial for the production of biofuels and value-added products. The complete energy-effective harnessing of microalgae potentials concerning biodiesel production is faced with drawbacks because of the energy-intensive steps required to harvest and dry microalgae. The limitations have impelled the search for alternative and low-cost utilization of microalgae in wet form for biofuel production. Anaerobic digestion (AD) is among the wet techniques for the valorization of microalgae that is gaining immense research attention because of its simplicity. Also, the products can be recycled to reduce material costs. This review is focused on the recent trends and comparison of the AD process to maximize energy recovery from microalgae biomass and co-digestion of microalgae waste coupled to biodiesel production (after lipid extraction), respectively. The yield of methane gas in these two processes is compared and the pros and cons of biogas production using microalgae biomass and microalgae waste considering that the former produces biofuels and the later value-added products are discussed.
- Published
- 2021
40. Microalgae Consortia for Post-treating Effluent of Anaerobic Digestion of Cattle Waste and Evaluation of Biochemical Composition of Biomass
- Author
-
João Felipe Freitag, Luciane Maria Colla, Francisco Gerhardt Magro, Jorge Alberto Vieira Costa, and André Bergoli
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Spirulina (genus) ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,Microorganism ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,biology.organism_classification ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Anaerobic digestion ,Biofuel ,010608 biotechnology ,Bioproducts ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Effluent ,Scenedesmus ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The aim of this study is to cultivate Spirulina platensis and Scenedesmus obliquus microalgae in consortia using effluents of cattle waste anaerobic treatment in order to give possibilities to the production of microalgae biomass to biorefineries uses. The biomasses obtained were characterized to evaluate the potential for the production of biofuels and other bioproducts. The effluent was used in sterile and non-sterile conditions to better understand the influence of other microorganisms in N and P removal. The biomass obtained with the addition of 10% of sterile effluent in Zarrouk media (20%) presented 44.12 and 34.62% of carbohydrates, using Spirulina platensis in monoculture or the 50%/50% consortia of Spirulina and Scenedesmus, respectively, this biomass presenting the potential to be used to bioethanol production. Nitrogen and phosphorous removal were higher in non-sterile conditions and reached 92.7 and 49.66% of nitrogen and phosphorous removal, respectively, using the consortia and with the addition of 30% effluent in the media. The cultivation of microalgae in a consortium may be used to assist the treatment of water concurrently with the production of biomass to different applications.
- Published
- 2021
41. Technological Advancement in Harvesting of Cotton Stalks to Establish Sustainable Raw Material Supply Chain for Industrial Applications: a Review.
- Author
-
Pandirwar, Ashutosh P., Khadatkar, Abhijit, Mehta, C. R., Majumdar, Gautam, Idapuganti, Ramkrushna, Mageshwaran, Vellaichamy, and Shirale, Abhay O.
- Subjects
COTTON stalks ,TECHNOLOGICAL innovations ,RAW materials ,COTTON picking ,SUPPLY chains ,COTTON fibers ,COTTON - Abstract
The cultivation of cotton produces about 2–3 tonne of residues per hectare after harvesting. Uprooting and disposal of such a huge amount of cotton residues have become a serious problem. In this review, different technologies developed for clearing standing cotton stalks from the field, performances of available technologies, limitations, and technological gap for future work are discussed. Unlike other crop residues, cotton residue has fiber properties similar to most hardwood species. Hence, it is more suitable for various industrial applications like production of particle board, hardboard, pulp, paper, and corrugated boxes. It is also a cleaner fuel as compared to coal due to lower carbon and ash content based on ultimate analysis. Therefore, it can be used as fuel for power plant and as bio-energy. The potential of the use of cotton stalks for composting, briquetting, biochar, bio-oil, and bioethanol production, etc. is also discussed in the paper. It was observed that, the cotton waste was available in abundance; however, efficient machinery to remove the cotton stalks from field and simultaneously convert it into storable or directly usable form as a raw material for various applications was needed. The use of cotton stalks is techno-economically feasible for various applications but still more work is required in bio-ethanol production from cotton stalks to improve the yield of ethanol and for making the process more economical. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Routes to Potential Bioproducts from Lignocellulosic Biomass Lignin and Hemicelluloses
- Author
-
Zhang, Xiao, Tu, Maobing, and Paice, Michael G.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Integration of First- and Second-generation Bioethanol Production from Beet molasses and Distillery Stillage After Dilute Sulfuric Acid Pretreatment
- Author
-
Dawid Mikulski and G. Kłosowski
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Ethyl acetate ,02 engineering and technology ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Hydrolysate ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,chemistry ,Biofuel ,010608 biotechnology ,Enzymatic hydrolysis ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Ethanol fuel ,Fermentation ,Stillage ,Cellulose ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The possibility of using waste distillery stillage (first-generation technology) after dilute acid pretreatment, as a medium for the preparation of beet molasses mash, for ethanol production according to the simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) technology, was assessed. The combination of lignocellulosic hydrolysates made from acid-pretreated stillage with sugar-rich beet molasses is an effective way of utilizing the first-generation ethanol production by-products in the second-generation ethanol production technology. It was demonstrated that the final ethanol concentration could be as high as 90 g/L. The process yield was over 94% of the theoretical yield when the molasses was diluted using acid-pretreated maize distillery stillage. An attempt to increase the pool of fermentable sugars by using cellulases to hydrolyze cellulose failed due to product inhibition in the fermentation medium with a high glucose concentration. A more than threefold increase in the concentration of ethyl acetate (even up to 924.4±11.8 mg/L) was observed in the distillates obtained from the media incubated with cellulases. The use of beet molasses combined with the hydrolysate of pretreated distillery stillage also changed the concentration of other volatile by-products. An increase in the concentration of aldehydes (mainly acetaldehyde to a concentration of above 1500 mg/L), methanol, 1-propanol, and 1-butanol was observed, while the concentration of higher alcohols (isobutanol, 2-methyl-1-butanol, 3-methyl-1-butanol) decreased. Interestingly, the use of cellulases in fermentation media from molasses and stillage hydrolysates resulted in an average fourfold increase in the concentration of this ester to a maximum level of 924.4±11.8 mg/L. Hydrolysates made from acid-pretreated distillery stillage, combined with sugar-rich beet molasses to boost the efficiency of the conversion process, can be successfully used in the production of second-generation fuel ethanol. However, further optimization of the cellulose enzymatic hydrolysis process is required for efficient use of the raw material.
- Published
- 2021
44. Effects of Liquid Digestate Treatment on Sustainable Microalgae Biomass Production
- Author
-
Marcin Dębowski, Joanna Kazimierowicz, Anna Bordiean, Marcin Zieliński, Piera Quattrocelli, and Marta Kisielewska
- Subjects
Growth medium ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,Phosphorus ,Chlorella vulgaris ,Biomass ,chemistry.chemical_element ,02 engineering and technology ,010501 environmental sciences ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Dilution ,law.invention ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,Volume (thermodynamics) ,law ,Digestate ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Distillation ,0105 earth and related environmental sciences ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the potential of microalgal cultivation on anaerobic liquid digestate as a growth medium. The two methods of liquid digestate treatment including centrifugation and distillation and the two algal strains (Chlorella vulgaris and Arthrospira platensis) were compared. Additionally, the volume of the liquid digestate used to prepare the culture medium constituted from 10 to 50% of the medium volume. The study demonstrated that the highest C. vulgaris and A. platensis biomass productions of 2490 mg TS/L and 2990 mg/L, respectively, were obtained by adding 50% of distilled digestate to a growth medium. Regarding centrifuged liquid digestate, only 10% dilution was required to obtain the maximum final biomass concentration. A. platensis removed 81.1% and 66.4% of the total nitrogen from medium prepared on distilled and centrifuged digestate, respectively, while C. vulgaris ensured 64.1% and 47.1% of removal, respectively. The phosphorus removal from both culture media was higher than 94.2% with A. platensis, while it was 70.4% from distilled and 87.4% from centrifuged media with C. vulgaris. The study confirmed a great potential of microalgal biomass production on anaerobic liquid digestate with a high treatment efficiency of digestate.
- Published
- 2021
45. Microalgal Co-cultivation for Biofuel Production and Bioremediation: Current Status and Benefits
- Author
-
Sanjay Kumar, Jyoti Rani, Shweta Rawat, and Prabir Kumar Das
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Chlorella sorokiniana ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Microorganism ,food and beverages ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Activated sludge ,Bioremediation ,Wastewater ,Biofuel ,010608 biotechnology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,Bioprocess ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Microalgae have been reported to exhibit mutualistic interactions with other microorganisms like bacteria, filamentous fungi, and yeast and help each other co-exist. The potential of microalgae to perform photosynthesis and accumulate lipids make them suitable candidates for lipid production. Biofuel production from various single oleaginous microorganisms is already in practice. However, the high cost of biomass harvesting, extraction of lipids, and contamination issues are significant challenges of biofuel bioprocess commercialization. Recent microalgal co-culture studies showed considerable potential for easy biomass harvesting and reduction in overall energy consumption cost. Therefore, microalgal co-culture could be an alternative to overcome these constraints and enhance biomass and lipid production. Additionally, the integration of the nutrient sequestration process from potential agro-industrial wastewater using microalgal co-culture can reduce the cost of the substrate requirement for cultivation as well as ecological load. The co-culture in wastewater has shown excellent total phosphate removal efficiencies by microalgae Chlorella sorokiniana and yeast Rhodotorula glutinis, nitrogen removal by microalgae C. sorokiniana with activated sludge, and ammonium-nitrogen removal by C. vulgaris and fungi Aspergillus sp. co-culture. This review summarized the current advances towards biofuel and its value-added production from various microalgae co-culture and compared it with monoculture fermentation. It also includes some critical challenges of co-culturing for the economically viable bioprocess development for biofuel production. Furthermore, techno-economic analysis and life-cycle assessment of co-culture technology were also discussed for biofuel production feasibility from microalgal co-culture.
- Published
- 2021
46. A Study of Bioenergy Production from Chilean Tessaria absinthioides
- Author
-
Adrian Blanco Machin, Alejandra Pérez Loyola, Carla Pérez Quilodrán, Gustavo Cabrera-Barjas, Einara Blanco Machin, João Andrade de Carvalho Junior, Nestor Proenza Pérez, Daniel Travieso Pedroso, Oscar Farias, Univ Bio Bio, Univ Concepcion, Universidade Estadual Paulista (Unesp), and Fed Ctr Technol Educ Celso Suckow Fonseca CEFET R
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Materials science ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Pelletization ,Pellets ,Combustion ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,Pelletizing ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Thermochemical process ,Particulates ,Bioenergy ,010608 biotechnology ,Stove ,Pellet ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Combustion chamber ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Made available in DSpace on 2021-06-25T12:38:19Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2021-02-20 National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research in Chile FIC Atacama 2016 This study assesses whether the use of Tessaria absinthioides (TA) pellets as a bioenergy resource is feasible or not. Its fuel properties were characterized and its combustion behavior assessed via a traditional log wood stove with a basket of wood pellets. Combustion of pinewood (Pinus radiata) commercial pellets (CP) was used as a reference in order to analyze experimental results. TA has a high ash content of 8.1% and an HHV of 17.47 MJ kg(-1). Alkaline index on the TA pellets was of 1.46 kg alkali GJ(-1), a relatively high value, which resulted from high sodium content in ash. Oven and exhaust temperatures during the combustion of TA and CP present similar behavior. The combustion chamber's highest temperature for CP was 841.15 degrees C, while for TA, the highest temperature was 685.65 degrees C. Furthermore, CO and PM emission was superior for TA pellets, averaging about 4943.6 235.2 mg Nm(-3) and 32.45 6.49 mg MJ(-1), respectively at 13% O-2. Results obtained have shown that there were no apparent hindrances for an extensive use of TA as a bioenergy resource and use of pellet baskets to combust pellets in traditional wood log stoves.Graphical Abstract Univ Bio Bio, Fac Ingn, Dept Ingn Mecan, Concepcion, Chile Univ Concepcion, Unidad Desarrollo Tecnol, Concepcion, Chile Univ Concepcion, Fac Ingn, Dept Ingn Mecan, Concepcion, Chile Sao Paulo State Univ, Fac Engn Guaratingueta, Energy Dept, Guaratingueta, Brazil Fed Ctr Technol Educ Celso Suckow Fonseca CEFET R, Angra Reis Campus, Angra Do Reis, Brazil Sao Paulo State Univ, Fac Engn Guaratingueta, Energy Dept, Guaratingueta, Brazil National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research in Chile: CONICYT PIA/APOYO CCTE AFB170007 National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research in Chile: FAPESP-CONICYT 2018/04819-4 National Commission for Scientific and Technological Research in Chile: FONDECYT 11180828 FIC Atacama 2016: BIP 30486479
- Published
- 2021
47. Enhanced Arthrospira platensis Biomass Production Combined with Anaerobic Cattle Wastewater Bioremediation
- Author
-
Romulo Cardoso Valadão, Maria Ivone Martins Jacintho Barbosa, Edlene Ribeiro Prudêncio de Souza, Denise Salvador de Souza, and Henrique Vieira de Mendonça
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Bioproducts ,020209 energy ,chemistry.chemical_element ,Photobioreactor ,Biomass ,02 engineering and technology ,Raw material ,01 natural sciences ,Article ,Bioremediation ,Bioenergy ,010608 biotechnology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,Pulp and paper industry ,CO2 biofixation ,Bioresource ,Wastewater ,Macromolecules ,Lipid production ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Carbon ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Microalgae biomasses offer important benefits regarding macromolecules that serve as promising raw materials for sustainable production. In the present study, the microalgae Arthrospira platensis DHR 20 was cultivated in horizontal photobioreactors (HPBR), with and without temperature control, in batch mode (6 to 7 days), with anaerobically digested cattle wastewater (ACWW) as substrate. High dry biomass concentrations were observed (6.3–7.15 g L−1). Volumetric protein, carbohydrate, and lipid productivities were 0.299, 0.135, and 0.108 g L−1 day−1, respectively. Promising lipid productivities per area were estimated between 22.257 and 39.446 L ha−1 year−1. High CO2 bio-fixation rates were recorded (875.6–1051 mg L−1 day−1), indicating the relevant potential of the studied microalgae to mitigate atmospheric pollution. Carbon concentrations in biomass ranged between 41.8 and 43.6%. ACWW bioremediation was satisfactory, with BOD5 and COD removal efficiencies of 72.2–82.6% and 63.3–73.6%. Maximum values of 100, 95.5, 92.4, 80, 98, and 94% were achieved concerning the removal of NH4+, NO3−, Pt, SO42−, Zn, and Cu, respectively. Total and thermotolerant coliform removals reached 99–99.7% and 99.7–99.9%. This microalgae-mediated process is, thus, promising for ACWW bioremediation and valuation, producing a microalgae biomass rich in macromolecules that can be used to obtain friendly bio-based products and bioenergy. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s12155-021-10258-4.
- Published
- 2021
48. Techno-Economic Evaluation and GHG Emission Assessment of Different Options for Vinasse Treatment and Disposal Aiming at Reducing Transport Expenses and Its Energy Use
- Author
-
Reynaldo Palacios-Bereche, Silvia A. Nebra, and Milagros Cecilia Palacios-Bereche
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Energy recovery ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Vinasse ,02 engineering and technology ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Incineration ,Cogeneration ,010608 biotechnology ,Digestate ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,Ethanol fuel ,Bagasse ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Effluent ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
The vinasse is a polluting effluent generated in large quantities in the ethanol production process, whose disposition is problematic and costly. In this work, the vinasse problem is addressed through a comparison between four alternatives for treating it with energy recovery: (i) concentration in an evaporator system until 25 Brix for volume reduction (CONC); (ii) concentration in an evaporator system until 65 Brix, with subsequent incineration of concentrated vinasse (CONC + INC); (iii) anaerobic biodigestion (BIOD); and anaerobic biodigestion and digestate treatment by membranes (BIOD + MEM). The techno-economic assessment is performed through mass and energy balances, evaluating two configurations of the cogeneration system: considering back-pressure (BPST) and condensing-extraction (CEST) steam turbines, in combination with an economic feasibility evaluation. Furthermore, an evaluation of GHG emission was performed in each case. The BIOD + MEM and CONC cases promoted a significant reduction in effluent volume (53% and 82.8% respectively), while the CONC + INC case practically eliminated the disposal expenses of this effluent. Regarding the cogeneration system, the BIOD case presented the highest bagasse surplus (59.9 kg/t cane) for the BPTS configuration, while the CONC + INC case presented the highest electricity surplus (89.7 kWh/t cane) for the CEST configuration. As for the economic assessment, the cases CONC with BPST, and CONC + INC for both BPTS and CEST presented economic feasibility, while the GHG emission assessment indicates that the BIOD case with BPST is the option with the lowest emissions. A sensitivity analysis was also performed to evaluate eventual variations in market and operating conditions.
- Published
- 2021
49. Meta-Analytic Review on Third-Generation Biodiesel
- Author
-
Charlene Raquel de Almeida Viana, Bruno Rafael de Almeida Moreira, Ronaldo da Silva Viana, Ricardo Alan Verdú Ramos, Paulo Renato Matos Lopes, and Victor Hugo Cruz
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Biodiesel ,Micractinium ,biology ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,020209 energy ,Chlorella vulgaris ,Biomass ,Desmodesmus ,02 engineering and technology ,biology.organism_classification ,Neochloris oleoabundans ,Pulp and paper industry ,01 natural sciences ,Diesel fuel ,Biofuel ,010608 biotechnology ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Environmental science ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
Microalgal biodiesel is technically viable to power diesel engines. This third-generation biofuel has great performance of combustion and can reduce emission of greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. However, its production is currently very expensive, relative to petrochemical diesel. Development and implementation of strategies to optimize productivity and quality of biomass and thus ensure this future-proof biofuel is economically feasible to fabricate and competitive with diesel oil on an industrial scale is challenging. This meta-analytic overview documents the diversity of fastest-growing, oil-accumulating microalgae; performance of cultures and systems; strategies for inducing lipids; and quality and economics of microalgal biodiesel. The microalgae, Neochloris oleoabundans, Scenedesmus obliquus, Desmodesmus sp., and Micractinium sp., are hyperaccumulators of lipids. The genre, Micractinium sp., is a thermophile, and thus it can resist hydrothermal streams. Complementarily, it is the fastest to grow and the most productive in both biomass and biodiesel. This should be of great importance to roll-out sustainable, high-performance algal systems in marginal lands in tropical zones, where the heat often makes the planning and management of projects difficult and expensive. Heat shock, nutritional starvation, and photoperiod are the most effective algae-specific strategies for inducing mechanisms for lipogenesis in Ankistrodesmus dimorphus, Chlorella vulgaris and Leptolyngbya sp., Cylindrotheca closterium and N. oleoabundans, and Amphora subtropica and Dunaliella sp., respectively. Rhodococcus sp. produces a significant amount of biomass at very low cost, relative to diesel oil. The concept of synergistically co-culturing microalgae with this photosynthetically active bacterium may be an option to save the producer the expenditures and uncertainties of third-generation biodiesel.
- Published
- 2021
50. Techno-Economic Feasibility of Biomass Washing in 1G2G Sugarcane Biorefineries
- Author
-
Roberto C. Giordano, Andrew M. Elias, Cristiane S. Farinas, Felipe Fernando Furlan, Ariane S.S. Pinto, and Marcelo Perencin de Arruda Ribeiro
- Subjects
0106 biological sciences ,Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment ,Chemistry ,020209 energy ,Industrial production ,Biomass ,Techno economic ,02 engineering and technology ,Pulp and paper industry ,Biorefinery ,01 natural sciences ,010608 biotechnology ,Enzymatic hydrolysis ,0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering ,Biochemical reactions ,Fermentation ,Bagasse ,Agronomy and Crop Science ,Energy (miscellaneous) - Abstract
There are still bottlenecks to be overcome for the feasible industrial production of first- and second-generation ethanol (1G2G EtOH). One of them is the pretreatment stage. Washing is a candidate strategy to remove lignocellulose-derived byproducts from pretreated biomass, in order to reduce the negative effects of furaldehydes and phenolic compounds in the downstream biochemical reactions. However, the effectiveness of the removal of these inhibitors is highly influenced by the operational conditions of the washing process. Here, evaluation was made of the techno-economic impacts of including a washing operation after hydrothermally pretreating sugarcane bagasse for 2G EtOH production in an integrated 1G2G biorefinery. Different washing protocols were tested, considering their effects on the enzymatic hydrolysis and fermentation, and experimental data were used for simulation of process scale-up. The removal of inhibitors improved the glucose yield by 40%, followed by an increase of ~ 30% in EtOH productivity. These findings showed that washing is a cost-competitive option for a 1G2G biorefinery, with a net present value for the industrial unit of ~US$ 2.3E + 8, which was the highest among the 1G2G scenarios analyzed.
- Published
- 2021
Discovery Service for Jio Institute Digital Library
For full access to our library's resources, please sign in.