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The article describes agricultural technologies increasing nitrate nitrogen content in the soil, crop yield, protein content and its fractional composition in winter wheat grain in the Middle Volga region. An economic and energy assessment of the effectiveness of winter wheat cultivation is provided for various predecessors, methods of primary tillage and fertilizing. Long-term studies were carried out on the fields of the Department of Agriculture, the laboratory “Agroecology” of Samara State Agricultural Academy. When cultivating winter wheat using the black fallow method, without autumn mechanical tillage with double application of nitrogen fertilizing, the highest yield indicators (2.79 t/ha), protein content of 13.12 %, the maximum net income, profitability of 92 % and energy efficiency were achieved. The energy efficiency coefficient in crops was the largest with the lowest energy coefficient in proteins.

The paper considers different levels of biologization in agriculture as provided by crop rotation with different fallow types with placement of fertilizers at a level of 40 t/ha, basic soil treatment, leaving straw in the field for all crops of five-field crop rotation and application of mineral fertilizers. High barley yields were obtained through the years of the study. Correlation analysis revealed a direct dependence between total biogenesity of soil and grain yield, which is fully actualized depending on meteorological conditions, varietydependent peculiarities of Povolzhsky 85 barley and agricultural processes applied aimed at increasing biologization of agriculture and protecting soil fertility.