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The IEEE (Institute for Electrical and Electronics Engineers) 802.16 family of standards is developed to achieve wide area, cellular, high data rate transmission for non-line-of-sight terminals. Various system architectures for handling handovers in an 802.16e system based on the capabilities of the current draft standard (802.16e D8) are described.

The design and implementation of a campus-wide field-trial outdoor network is discussed that attempts to create a hybrid network of wireless networks by combining third-generation (3G), fixed 802.11, and ad-hoc 802.11 networks. Various relevant handoff issues are explained including Internet Protocol base station (IP-BS) to IP-BS (P-P) handoff within the 3G network, 3G to 802.11 network handoff, and handoff between different subnets within the 802.11 networks.

The enforcement of end-to-end quality of service (QoS) for Internet Protocol (IP) Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), which uses Session Initiation Protocol (SIP)-based sessions in CDMA2000* networks is discussed. It is seen that the IMS elements work together, which assist QoS negotiation on the control plane and traffic enforcement on the bearer plane.

A new mechanism called adaptive virtual private network (VPN) was proposed that enables enterprises to selectively trade off security for some traffic so that a network service provider (NSP) can provide value-added services for this traffic. Adaptive VPN makes it possible for traffic from a specific user to be carried on an end-to-end VPN session and/or a network-based VPN session.