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An increasing proportion of information technology (IT)/information system adoption research collects data using online surveys. However, a paucity of research assesses the equivalence of paper-based versus Internet-based surveys in collectivistic cultures. Furthermore, no theoretical or empirical research investigates how cultural differences between collectivistic and individualistic cultures influence the measurement equivalence (ME) of these survey modes. To explore these issues, online and paper-based surveys with comparable samples were carried out in both an individualistic (the USA) and a collectivistic culture (China). Confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to examine the ME across both survey modes in these different cultures. Results indicate that the relatively larger satisficing discrepancy between paper and online surveys causes respondents in collectivistic cultures to have an increased likelihood of providing responses that vary as compared to respondents in individualistic cultures. The disparate responses, in turn, result in increased measurement variance between the two survey modes. The findings of this study bridge a gap in the literature and address the question of how culture influences online satisficing behaviour and how that behaviour causes measurement invariance across survey modes. This study also explains the possible underlying mechanisms by which different national cultures exert their influence on survey results. The findings provide important implications for IT researchers, especially those in collectivistic cultures or those who need to collect data in collectivistic cultures using online surveys or mixed-mode surveys that include an online survey mode. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emotion detection and Sentiment analysis techniques are used to understand polarity or emotions expressed by people in many cases, especially during interactive systems use. Recognizing users' emotions is an important topic for human–computer interaction. Computers that recognize emotions would provide more natural interactions. Also, emotion detection helps design human-centred systems that provide adaptable behaviour change interventions based on users' emotions. The growing capability of machine learning to analyze big data and extract emotions therein has led to a surge in research in this domain. With this increased attention, it becomes essential to investigate this research area and provide a comprehensive review of the current state. In this paper, we conduct a systematic review of 123 papers on machine learning-based emotion detection to investigate research trends along many themes, including machine learning approaches, application domain, data, evaluation, and outcome. The results demonstrate: 1) increasing interest in this domain, 2) supervised machine learning (namely, SVM and Naïve Bayes) are the most popular algorithms, 3) Text datasets in the English language are the most common data source, and 4) most research use Accuracy to evaluate performance. Based on the findings, we suggest future directions and recommendations for developing human-centred systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the effect of chatbot empathy and identity disclosure on willingness to donate (WTD) to a fundraising project and the psychological mechanism in the relationship. In a 3 (information-only vs. cognitive empathy vs. affective empathy) × 2 (chatbot vs. human identity) experiment, 496 US adults had a conversation about a fundraising event with one of six artificial intelligence-powered chatbots. The results revealed that neither chatbot empathy nor identity disclosure has a significant effect on WTD, rejecting the hypotheses. However, the data supported a significant interaction effect between chatbot empathy and identity disclosure on WTD. Moreover, the results suggested that the interaction effect between chatbot empathy and identity disclosure on WTD would be mediated through human likeness and social presence. This study suggests how empathy and human identity of chatbots should be applied with care to avoid the uncanny valley effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise of social media in people's lives, the tendency to donate through social media platforms has increased tremendously. The positive attitudes of social media users towards online charity initiatives, such as ALS Ice Bucket Challenge, are also gaining traction. Therefore, it is of great value for the charitable organizations to identify the motivational factors that encourage social media users to participate in blatant benevolence. Drawing on costly signalling and self-presentation theories, this study undertakes a multi-method approach with the aim to explore social media users' motivation of posting prosocial behaviour on social media platforms by identifying the antecedents of blatant benevolence. Using the interview data from 126 social media users, the study first applies rigorous grounded theory analysis to identify factors that lead to blatant benevolence, and subsequently employs a survey method approach, comprising data from 342 social media users, to empirically test the factors identified. Our findings show that desire for social network enhancement and warm glow attainment are the significant drivers that motivate people to post prosocial behaviours on social media. Theoretical and practical implications of our findings for social media behaviour researchers and charity organizations are also discussed in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Numerous studies have captured the experiences of teachers teaching online, but the current 'emergency' to teach online is unprecedented and has been challenging. Grounded in the theory of cognitive dissonance, this paper attempts to recapitulate the experiences of university teachers and analyses whether they have developed the consonant cognitions to teach online during the pandemic period or would they prefer switching back to 'normal' teaching as soon as the circumstances permit. Technology-enabled teaching has been found to be complex as it mandates teaching in a computerised setting and lacks an element of social interaction, which is at the heart of face-to-face teaching. Using Structural Equation Modelling, this study presents the determining factors that motivate teachers to embrace technology-driven teaching more convincingly. The study finds that in the absence of adequate training imparted to the teachers for developing technological and pedagogical knowledge (TPK), high psychological capital and facilitating conditions are the two most important factors ensuring teaching proficiency, creating positive online experiences and a continued intention to teach online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MOOCs (massive open online courses) have attracted a great deal of research and attention; however, few studies have focused on the factors that influence MOOC teacher effectiveness, which is the key to the development of MOOCs. Based on the perspective of professional capital and social exchange theory, this paper aims to study the factors that influence MOOC teacher effectiveness. First, the research hypotheses are proposed from the teacher's perspective to build the research model based on factors affecting MOOC teacher effectiveness. Second, the iCourse platform is selected as the research object because it has the largest number of active users in China. As of March 1, 2019, the effective research data of 7380 teachers were obtained from iCourse to build a multivariate regression model. The results highlight the main factors that affect MOOC teacher effectiveness from the perspective of professional capital. Finally, relevant suggestions are proposed for the development of MOOC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of information security behavioural intention (ISBI) can be complex and dynamic in different contexts. This paper aims to examine and compare different users' ISBI formalisation mechanisms when dealing with their personal affairs (non-work users) and organisational affairs (work users). Drawing on two principles of Conservation of Resources (COR) theory (i.e. resource loss principle, and resource gain principle), we developed two models to examine how situational support affects ISBI formation. The results of a study of 432 non-worker users and 261 work users indicate a curvilinear relationship between situational support and ISBI through subjective norms and risk perception for non-worker users, whilst a linear relationship via subjective norms is found for worker users. This is the first time that COR has been applied to explain the formation of ISBI. The findings broaden the research scope of individuals' ISBI by revealing how situational support affects the formalisation mechanism for different users in cross-contexts. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings and the future study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Project-based learning is among the most common learning approaches aimed at conveying professional standards and best practices to students in programming courses. However, team projects commonly impose problems related to responsibility sharing, such as low effort or inequality in contributions. This paper presents a collaborative programming assessment system featuring a code quality assessment function with specific metrics to measure individual contributions. Student engagement data is used to detect nonconformities in collaboration using a learning analytical approach. Latent profile analysis was used to detect four theoretical team profiles differentiated by team effort (2 levels) and within-team collaboration (2 levels). We demonstrated the efficacy of assessing code to evaluate team dynamics and student behaviour, wherein efforts to resolve coding style failures can be used as a proxy by which to estimate the taskwork awareness of team members. Submission data from 146 students in 41 web-programming projects revealed four behavioural patterns that could potentially hinder the effective functioning of programming teams: free-riding, social loafing, the bystander effect, and lone wolves. We also demonstrated the applicability of automated programming assessment systems to the monitoring of learning progress, thereby facilitating timely interventions to correct difficulties at the team level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a growing tendency for users to expect conversational agents (CAs) to recognise social cues and follow interpersonal communication principles to enhance their subjective evaluation. Therefore, this paper studies how personal pronouns should be used by CAs in response to users. We conducted a 3 (CAs' personal pronoun) × 3 (users' personal pronoun) × 2 (participants'gender) mixed design. this study used mixed methods based on an experimental design, including ratings, forced choices and interviews, for mutual confirmation. The findings indicate that first, users prefer that CAs use second-person pronouns. Second, there is also turn-taking and convergence tendency between users and CAs in personal pronoun use. Third, there are gender differences in personal pronoun preferences and relationship positions toward CAs. These results can inform personalised voice interaction and humanlike design and help build closer relationships between users and CAs in future human–computer interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-determination theory posits that satisfaction of basic psychological needs is essential for well-being. Empirical evidence for the distinction between need frustration and need satisfaction has been growing within the last decade. However, research on player experience of need frustration is lagging behind. This paper investigates whether player experience of need frustration is distinct from need satisfaction in the online video games context. In addition, it examines whether in-game need frustration is a stronger predictor for negative outcomes such as problematic gaming, escapist motivations, real-life stress and exit intentions and whether in-game need satisfaction is a stronger predictor for positive outcomes such as satisfaction, concentration, subjective vitality and voice. We collected survey data from online video gamers. Path analyses showed that in-game need frustration is a distinct construct, predicting negative outcomes uniquely and more strongly than in-game need satisfaction, whereas in-game need satisfaction was more strongly associated with positive outcomes. The findings suggest that assessing both need satisfaction and frustration in gaming research could prove valuable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On the basis of neutralisation theory, this paper associates technology-induced work stress with the engagement in non-business activities while at work. When neutralisation theory is linked to organisational behaviour, the theory states that employees are prone to engage in deviant behaviours in the workplace to balance the difficulties they have suffered. In this context, employees may strive to neutralise the negative consequences of technology-induced stress and feel justified considering that it is their right to engage in deviant behaviours, such as performing non-business activities. Therefore, the aim of this study is to explore the impact of technology-induced stress (techno-stress) on engaging in non-business online activities while at work (minor cyberslacking). To do so, survey method was used and data were gathered from 252 white-collar employees working in the manufacturing sector. Results of the regression analysis suggested that out of three dimensions of techno-stress, techno-invasion is the only predictor for cyberslacking. The practical contribution of this paper is that employers could decrease cyberslacking activities by alleviating techno-invasion level of employees. Recommendations are also offered to draw up policies to cope with techno-stress and cyberslacking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For organisations utilising big data platforms, knowledge sharing helps spread contextualised information of data, increases efficiencies and reduces the cost of lost knowledge when employees leave. Query-Driven Knowledge Sharing Systems (QKSS) partially automate knowledge sharing in analytics teams by building context into data, enabling the reuse of complex queries. Although QKSS can improve knowledge sharing, encouraging reuse behaviour is a significant issue for adoption. This paper analyses the applicability of gamification for improving knowledge reuse in QKSS. In collaboration with a Sydney-based data analytics firm, we recruited professional data analysts to participate in an experiment. The recruited analysts were asked to complete Structured Query Language tasks using either the firm's QKSS platform or a gamified version which included a small number of gamified elements designed to increase the likelihood of query reuse. The results demonstrate the positive impact of gamification on query reuse and the efficiency of tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most developed countries, the population is gradually ageing. Due to this, there is an increasing demand for technologies whose design is specifically oriented towards meeting the needs of the elderly. In this paper, we describe a web-based cognitive training tool for elderly people, called VIRTRAEL, which comprises 18 exercises presented in 13 working sessions. In order to reach a high degree of user acceptance, we have applied a user-centred development methodology and a guide defining a set of design principles and usability guidelines specifically intended for older people. Moreover, a usability questionnaire to assess VIRTRAEL has been especially designed to be completed by this type of users. Both guide and questionnaire can be easily applied in other software developments, and especially in those related to the specific domain of cognitive training for this user group. As a means to objectively measure the usability of VIRTRAEL, an EFA (Exploratory Factor Analysis) has been conducted on a 32-item questionnaire with 149 subjects. The results confirm that our proposal is usable and highlight some differences between user groups (female versus male users, and those who live alone versus those living with other people) that should be taken into consideration in future developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technological innovations, especially smart fitness wearables, are playing a critical role in the future of fitness and overall well-being. Extant research has examined the adoption of smart fitness wearables, with limited attention paid to continuance intention. The current study attempts to investigate users' continuance intentions of using smart fitness wearables by combining expectation confirmation theory and social comparison theory. In particular, this paper extends the expectation confirmation model by adding perceived health outcomes and social comparison tendency to understand the continuance intention of smart fitness variables. The model explains 72.8% of continuance intention, and the findings reveal that perceived health outcome and users' satisfaction predict continuance intention leading to intention to recommend. Furthermore, the findings confirm the positive impact of social comparison tendency on perceived health outcome and users' satisfaction. Users' satisfaction is influenced by perceived usefulness, confirmation, perceived health outcome and social comparison tendency. Our study confirms that mere post-adoption perceived usefulness does not guarantee continuance intention, unless the perceived health outcomes are achieved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modern speech-language pathology practices (SLPPs) have adopted tablet games in recent years. Research is needed to take advantage of the potential benefits tablets can offer and to explore the factors that influence its introduction. This paper discusses a survey that was conducted to investigate the factors that influence speech-language pathologists’ (SLPs) beliefs and the actual use of tablets in SLPPs. The results of the survey, conducted among Slovenian SLPs, indicated that their most positive beliefs concerning tablets relate to social influence. Specifically, the beliefs relate to children’s interest and practice with tablets and have a significant impact on the decision-making of SLPs concerning introducing tablets in therapy. Conversely, SLPs’ most negative beliefs relate to the conditions for facilitating tablet use, particularly the lack of Slovenian applications. This paper discusses a separate case study that was conducted in which tablet game-supported therapy was introduced to a group of 44 children. The case study results indicated that the children accepted the use of tablet games for therapy purposes and the games had a positive impact on the children’s motivation and satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As artificial intelligence (AI) became a part of daily life, it has become important to determine user competence in using AI technology. Here, we propose the concept of AI literacy and develop a quantitative scale for obtaining accurate data regarding the AI literacy of ordinary users. We first identified the primary core constructs of AI literacy, including awareness, use, evaluation, and ethics. Next, we generated 65 items to capture these four constructs; only 31 items were retained after a three-step content validation process. Then, we conducted a survey, and collected two samples of data. By reducing the number of items using the first sample and performing reliability and validity tests on the second sample, we obtained a 12-item instrument for the quantitative measurement of AI literacy. The results confirmed that the proposed four-construct model is an adequate representation of AI literacy. Further, AI literacy is significantly related to digital literacy, attitude towards robots, and users' daily usage of AI. This study will not only aid researchers in understanding how user competence in using AI technology affects human–AI interactions but will also help designers develop AI applications that are aligned with the AI literacy levels of the target users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals share a diversity of content on social media for a variety of reasons. Research has often described and explained disclosure via the application of a subjective cost–benefit analysis framed around reciprocity, suggesting that people communicate selfishly motivated by the expectation of receiving something in return. This paper investigates the moderating effects of tie strength and interpersonal trust on the relationship between expected reciprocity and intensity of communication between two social media connections. A Facebook application presented participants with a random set of their friends and asked them to rate their friendships in terms of these values. Overall, 90 participants rated 1728 friendships, while the application collected 11 activity variables depicting the actual communication that has taken place in each pair of connections. A principal component analysis was used to distinguish between text- and photograph-related communication, and two moderated multiple regressions were conducted to establish the moderating effects. The results show significant moderating effects of tie strength and trust on the communication around photographs, but not around text. This study contributes to communication research by explicating the ways that tie strength and trust affect patterns of communication on social media. Implications for social media researchers and designers are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite all the potential that Personalised Medicine (PM) has in reducing healthcare costs and treatment errors, as well as in bringing about significant improvement in the mode of healthcare, the adoption rate of Personalised Medicine is not yet up to the mark. Some research has been done in the area of Personalised Medicine and several new drugs have been already discovered. However, adequate research is yet to be performed to sort out various hurdles that are hindering implementation of this novel medicare system on a larger scale. One of the hurdles is the so-called trust factor. In the present paper, it has been our endeavour to investigate whether the trust issues have a moderating effect on the success of adoption of personalised medicine. A survey-based post facto methodology has been adopted for this purpose. Responses have been collected from a number of people, who are medical practitioners/medical researchers/pharmacists/regulatory board members/patients. The dataset obtained thereby has been analysed by using advanced statistical techniques and modern statistical software packages. The study indicates that the trust issues have a significant moderating effect on the successful adoption of personalised medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microblogs are revolutionising the way users produce, consume and distribute short content. The continuous content contributions of users are crucial for the sustainable development of microblogs. Knowledge regarding this user behaviour is scarce. Based on the uses and gratifications theory (U&G) and the social influence theory (SIT), this paper proposes an integrated research model with the aim of understanding the factors that affect users' continuous content contribution behaviours (CCCB) on microblogs. The data were collected from 379 microblog users in China. The empirical results indicate that perceived gratification had a positive but surprisingly trivial effect on continuous content contribution behaviours. Social influence had a strong and significantly positive effect on users' CCCB, it also had a positive moderating effect on the relationship between perceived gratification and CCCB. Users' perceived gratification was positively affected by the antecedents of self-expression, anticipated extrinsic rewards and anticipated reciprocity but negatively affected by privacy concerns. The platform attributes of microblogs (i.e. accessibility and interactivity) also influenced users' perceived gratification. This research contributes to social media research with regards to the theory of users' CCCB. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coolness has recently started to be explored as a design goal for interactive products from practitioners as well as researchers within human–computer interaction (HCI), but there is still a need to further operationalise the concept and explore how we can measure it. Our contribution in this paper is the COOL questionnaire. We based the creation of the questionnaire on literature suggesting that perceived coolness is decomposed to outer cool (the style of a product) and inner cool (the personality characteristics assigned to it). In this paper, we focused on inner cool, and we identified 11 inner cool characteristics. These were used to create an initial pool of question items and 2236 participants were asked to assess 16 mobile devices. By performing exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, we identified three factors that can measure the perceived inner coolness of interactive products: desirability, rebelliousness and usability. These factors and their underlying 16 question items comprise the COOL questionnaire. The whole process of creating the questionnaire is presented in detail in this paper and we conclude by discussing our work against related work on coolness and HCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Passwords remain the most common form of authentication in the digital world. People have increasing numbers of passwords, and many people undertake risky password management behaviours such as re-using passwords, writing them down and sharing them. It is unclear whether people persist in these behaviours because they do not understand the risks involved or the benefits of the behaviour outweigh the risk. Two studies investigated the relationships between people's perceptions of the risks and benefits of a range of password management behaviours and their self-reports of their likelihood of undertaking them. The first study involved 120 MTurkers in the U.S.A., the second study involved 128 respondents from 26 different countries including approximately 50% students. In both studies, respondents took rated the risks, benefits and likelihood of undertaking 15 password management behaviours. The two very different samples provided very similar results, validating our classification of password management behaviours into four components: Storing, Sharing, Loggingn and Change behaviours. Somecomponents were more affected by perceptions of the benefits, others were equally affected by the perceptions of the risks and the benefits. These results have implications for how information about risky password behaviours is presented to users and general education about password security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information and communication technologies (ICTs) have different effects depending on the companies that rely on them. On manufacturing systems, the effective use of ICTs requires a compatible design with the human, technology, and environment. This article analyses the effect of macroergonomic compatibility of ICTs as independent variable on dependent variables of production processes, clients, and organisational performance of manufacturing systems in the Mexican state of Chihuahua. In addition, this paper examines the relationships between these dependent variables. Methodology includes the construction of a questionnaire, administered to middle and senior managers of manufacturing companies to collect information on the macroergonomic practices of ICTs. Also, a factor analysis is carried out to data gathered, and hypotheses are proposed to suggest the effects of ICTs on dependent variables. Afterwards, a structural equations model is constructed and evaluated to test such hypotheses. Results obtained indicate that ICTs are an ideal element to measure macroergonomic compatibility of manufacturing systems, and that this compatibility has positive direct effects on production processes and clients, while significant indirect and total effects on the organisational performance of manufacturing systems. Results also showed that dependent variables clients and production processes had a significant impact on the performance of manufacturing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, website aesthetics has received a fair amount of attention from the HCI community. This has led to the creation of a variety of multi-item questionnaires aimed at capturing users' aesthetic judgments. Researchers have used these questionnaires in several HCI studies to investigate the relationship between aesthetics and other evaluative constructs such as usability. However, their usefulness as evaluation tools in visual design practice remains underexplored. Lengthy multi-item questionnaires can be particularly problematic especially in studies where participants must evaluate multiple designs or when they are required to give responses repeatedly in predefined time intervals. Despite the criticism, single-item scales have been used in many past studies in which questionnaire length could be problematic. Another alternative available to practitioners/researchers are short versions of standardised multi-item questionnaires that have been created for the aesthetic evaluations of websites. In this paper, we present a study in which we compare the performance of three such condensed aesthetic questionnaires (i.e. aesthetics scale, AttrakDiff, VisAWI) during a website redesign project. The short versions of those questionnaires were used by 187 users during an evaluation of 7 alternative website designs. The questionnaires were compared on performance criteria such as reliability, validity, and predictive ability. Data analysis showed that although AttrakDiff's overall performance was better, a considerable amount of variance in aesthetic judgment could not be accounted for by any of the questionnaires. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When people interact with digital artefacts they perceive theirpragmaticandhedonic qualities. In the case of interacting with mobile devices and applications, users seek utility as they try to satisfy certain needs, but at the same time they have certain feelings and emotions when, for example, they feel attached to their personal phone and/or trust its brand. Due to this strong relation between users and mobile devices a significant problem occurs when researchers want to evaluate the user experience of a mobile application in laboratory settings: the selection of an appropriate mobile device. Towards this end, this paper aims to unveil the effect of perceivedhedonic qualityof a mobile device on the user experience evaluation results of an application. Our results show that the perceivedhedonic qualityof a mobile device significantly affected the perceivedpragmaticquality of the application, but not thehedonicone. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The present paper addresses a need for a brief assessment instrument to measure perceived visual aesthetics of websites. A short version of the Visual Aesthetics of Websites inventory (VisAWI; Moshagen and Thielsch 2010) called VisAWI-S was developed and evaluated in three studies comprising 1673 participants in total. The results indicate that the VisAWI-S is a reliable measure that captures a single dimension of perceived visual aesthetics and provides a good approximation to the full-length version. Convergent validity was established by a strong relationship to overall appeal. Evidence for divergent validity was obtained by weaker correlations to perceived usability, pragmatic quality and quality of content as well as by absence of a significant correlation to participants’ mood. In addition to this, the VisAWI-S was found to be substantially related to the intention to revisit a website. Overall, the results indicate that the VisAWI-S may gainfully be employed to measure perceived visual aesthetics of websites when assessment times must be kept to a minimum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the growing importance of customers as value co-creators, little is known about their reasons for voluntarily participating in value co-creation activities. Based on expectancy-value theory, this paper empirically examines the specific benefits that customers anticipate from engaging in certain co-creation activities. Furthermore, it examines the manner in which interactions between customer benefits and joint activities/industry types influence customers’ intentions to continuously engage in value co-creation in the context of corporate social networking service (SNS)-based virtual customer environments (VCEs). Study data were collected from 327 corporate Facebook and Twitter VCE users through an online panel survey. Results of the main effect relationships reveal that all three customer benefits - cognitive, social integrative, and hedonic - significantly impacted customer intentions to continuously participate in value co-creation. Furthermore, the benefit-intention relationships differed depending upon the type of co-creation activities (e.g. ideation, design, testing, support, and marketing) and industry characteristics. Theoretical discussions about these results are provided, and implications for future research and practice are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores and evaluates two techniques that measure aspects of social behaviour as an indicator of experience. The rationale driving the work is the idea that experience is entwined with social interaction and so, while experience itself is difficult to quantify, we might tap into it by measuring aspects of conversation that are related to it. Two techniques are considered as possible ways of doing this: (i) process measures of social behaviour derived from video analysis and (ii) thin-slice ratings ascribed by naïve judges. Regarding (i), process measures of conversational equality, freedom and number of turns are shown to be reliable, sensitive and linked to unfolding experience. Regarding (ii), a Thin Slice Enjoyment Scale is developed and shown to be a reliable and less time-consuming, but also less sensitive, alternative to the process measures. Both methods are of interest to researchers and practitioners who would wish to assess user experience in a group context. Additionally, analysis of the process measures is of broader relevance to researchers who conduct quantitative analyses of talk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While the development of customer relationship management (CRM) started in the developed west, it has rapidly spread to developing countries. However, the way organisations adopt CRM in developing countries, and more specifically in the Arab world, might be different and the context certainly differs. There is a shortage of rigorous studies that examine the drivers of CRM adoption in this context. In this study, we examine the antecedents of CRM adoption in the Jordanian service sector. The conceptual framework of this research is tested using a crosssectional survey of more than 322 practitioners. Using structural equation modelling analysis, results specify six underlying factors that explain CRM adoption: segmentation analysis, clear direction and objectives, performance measurement, rewarding usage, managing project changes, and knowledge management. Each area has implications for improving practices and maximising the benefits of adopting the process or management practice of CRM. This paper identifies key practices to provide useful guidelines for organisations in the Arab world making plans to adopt CRM, with broader implications for the adoption of many systems and projects there and for CRM deployment in developed regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently a number of studies appeared that operationalised coolness and explored its relation to digital products. Literature suggests that perceived coolness is another factor of user experience, and this adds to an existing explosion of dimensions related to aesthetics, hedonic quality, pragmatic quality, attractiveness, etc. A critical challenge highlighted in prior research is to study the relationships among those factors and so far, no studies have empirically examined the relationship between coolness and other established user experience factors. In this paper, we address this challenge by presenting two studies one that focuses on factors from two cool questionnaires, and one that compares them against existing User eXperience (UX) factors. Our findings show that factors from the two cool questionnaires converge and they also converge to existing, established UX factors. Thus, 11 distinct cool and UX factors converge into 5 for the case of mobile devices. Our findings are important for researchers, as we demonstrate through a validated model that coolness is part of UX research, as well as for practitioners, by developing a questionnaire that can reliably measure both perceived inner and outer coolness as well as the overall coolness judgement based on 5 factors and 21 items. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

To better understand users’ technology utilisation behaviour, a construct named technology dependence is suggested; as well a technology dependence model is proposed and empirically tested. Based on the literature on marketing, information systems’ utilisation, and psychology, a comprehensive set of constructs and hypotheses are compiled with a methodology for testing them in this paper. A questionnaire was designed and data were collected from 255 users of smartphones in Korea, mainly consisting of students and academics. Structural equation modelling was then applied to analyse the data. The result indicated that engagement is the strongest indicator of technology dependence along with user satisfaction. User satisfaction is affected by engagement and responsiveness of the technology. And all three dimensions of interactivity, namely, control, communication, and responsiveness, are revealed to be significant indicators of engagement. Based on the findings, the model develops useful insights into the factors that influence technology dependence and provides new ideas in understanding technology utilisation. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In recent years, online shopping has been proliferated around the world. Online retailers’ reputation and purchase intentions are critical for survival and profitability of any online store. Thus, this study proposes a research framework to examine the perceived justice effects on customers purchase intention and online retailers’ reputation. A confirmatory factor analysis was conducted to demonstrate the reliability and validity of the measurement model, and the structural equation modelling technique was used to test the research model. The hypothesised model was validated empirically using data collected from 383 online shopping customers in China. The results indicated that perceived procedural, distributive and interactional justice components were strong predictors of customers purchase intention and online retailers’ reputation while online retailers’ reputation had significant effects on purchase intentions. Finally, theoretical and managerial implications are also presented in the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A great challenge for luxury marketers is how to harness Internet’s incredible influence on customers while still maintaining and adhering to the customer-based brand equity (CBE) of luxury brands. This study aims to investigate the effect of website design on the CBE of luxury brands. Integrating the research on aesthetic design and luxury branding, we develop and empirically validate a research model, specifying that two aesthetic design dimensions (aesthetic formality and aesthetic appeal) can stimulate a strong sense of luxury, which in turn leads to a positive evaluation of CBE. Furthermore, the effect of aesthetic design on the sense of luxury is contingent upon brand familiarity prior to the exposure of a luxury brand website. The research model is validated with a survey study involving 201 participants. The paper includes implications for website design to deliver online brand experience and develop CBE with specific online consumer groups. As an early attempt to examine the website design effect on online branding experience and brand equity, this study contributes to both literature of website aesthetics and online luxury branding. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Prior research has shown that the use of Information Communication Technology (ICT) outside work hours blurs work and nonwork boundaries, exacerbates work-life conflict, and negatively impacts employees' satisfaction. Conversely, personal ICT-use at work, or cyberloafing, has become an increasing concern among employers given its putative impact on individual and organisational performance. We use the 'dual-lens' of Boundary theory and Set theory to conceptualise employees' work-related ICT-use outside work hours and cyberloafing as a set-theoretic phenomenon reflecting 'spillover social media'. Drawing on a survey of 403 Australian white-collar employees and using a set-theoretic approach (fsQCA), we discuss the following findings. First, spillover social media positively impacts work satisfaction among people who are single and do not have children. Second, spillover social media positively contributes to nonwork satisfaction among married male participants who do not have children. Third, that parents only reported nonwork satisfaction if they did not engage in spillover social media. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Previous studies on the impact of technology on performance (usefulness) have looked at the Information System (IS) in its role as supplier of information (informating role) and thus they have studied the influence of information quality and system quality on usefulness. However, an IS also has a role in the automation of tasks (automating role), which these studies do not take into account. Accordingly, this paper proposes a factor model that (1) includes explicitly both roles; (2) considers that informating and automating roles mediate the relation between these technological factors (information quality and system quality) and usefulness and (3) includes a system’s level of intervention (i.e. the degree to which technology participates in carrying out the tasks) as an additional factor that determines usefulness. Using a questionnaire, data were gathered on 229 Enterprise Resource Planning system users from different organisations and functional areas and structural equations model was used for analysis. Results show that information quality explains usefulness through both roles. System’s level of intervention explains usefulness through the automating role and system quality explains usefulness through the informating role. The factors’ differentiated effects through each role may help managers to establish more effective criteria and priorities in the various stages of an IS’s life cycle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China is undergoing a transition from offline to online advertising, but little is known about the causal relationship regarding credibility transfer from non-web advertising to web advertising. Meanwhile, web advertising usage behaviour is largely overlooked. The purpose of this study is to explore the formation of customers' attitude towards web advertising (ATT) which further impacts their online information acquisition behaviour, from the perspectives of advertising value and credibility transfer. This paper develops a research model drawing upon advertising value, credibility transfer, ATT and tie. Data collected from Chinese online shopping customers were used to test the model. The results indicate that perceived informativeness, perceived entertainment and credibility contribute to the formation of ATT, which further impacts web advertising usage for getting information. Meanwhile, tie positively moderates the credibility transfer from non-web advertising to web advertising. These findings and their implications for theory and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the widespread adoption of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems, many companies struggle to achieve the expected benefits from ERP. It has been especially observed that many companies fail to gain significant benefits from ERP in the post-implementation stage, regardless of their initial implementation success. This paper focuses on this post-implementation stage and empirically studies the factors that influence the performance of ERP in this stage. Through the review of related literature and a pilot study of Korean firms, the following six were identified as the influential factors: top management support, competency of an internal ERP team, user training, inter-department collaboration and communication, continuous process improvement and continuous systems integration/extension. The factors were used to build a comprehensive model that aims to explain how to successfully use ERP in the post-implementation stage. The model was tested with the data collected by questionnaires given to Korean companies using the partial least-square method. The results show that continuous improvement efforts and on-going organisational support have positive influence on the performance of ERP in the post-implementation stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Instant messaging has been widely utilised by a variety of types of organisations to improve the efficiency and effectiveness of internal communication and knowledge management (KM). To date, though, the continuance use of enterprise instant messaging (EIM) and its impact on KM outcomes have not been well understood in both academia and practice. This paper uses the decomposed theory of planned behaviour to explore factors that influence continual usage of EIM applications within organisations, as well as the impact of the continuance use decisions on knowledge creation, transfer, and retention within organisations. Our results are useful in developing guidelines and strategies to increase the likelihood of the continuance use of EIM and to improve the potential outcome of its use within organisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As knowledge management systems within organisations, professional virtual communities (PVCs) are popular knowledge-seeking tools, which bring together geographically dispersed members from outside of the organisations. An increasing number of employees use PVCs for knowledge seeking, knowledge exchange and problem solving at work. Why do members choose to receive knowledge from other community members in PVCs needs to be understood. This paper extends Ajzen's [1991. The theory of planned behaviour.Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 50 (2), 179–211] theory of planned behaviour to elicit external beliefs in terms of personal motivation, as well as technological and social factors, and to examine the relative importance of these factors. According to this study's online survey of 323 members in three PVCs, the results show that the significance of beliefs, such as system quality, compatibility, trust, knowledge growth and knowledge quality, in creating positive attitudes towards knowledge seeking. Community identification is shown as a salient belief for the subjective norms of knowledge seeking. System quality and resource availability are revealed as important determinants for perceived behavioural control of knowledge seeking. Knowledge-seeking intention is based on the attitude towards knowledge seeking and the subjective norm of knowledge seeking, whereas knowledge-seeking behaviour is solely determined by knowledge-seeking intention. Implications for research and practice are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This study developed and tested a research model which examined the impact of user perceptions of self-efficacy (SE) and virtual environment (VE) efficacy on the effectiveness of VE training systems. The model distinguishes between the perceptions of one's own capability to perform trained tasks effectively and the perceptions of system performance, regarding the established parameters from literature. Specifically, the model posits that user perceptions will have positive effects on task performance and memory. Seventy-six adults participated in a VE in a controlled experiment, designed to empirically test the model. Each participant performed a series of object assembly tasks. The task involved selecting, rotating, releasing, inserting and manipulating 3D objects. Initially, the results of factor analysis demonstrated dimensionality of two user perception measures and produced a set of empirical validated factors underlining the VE efficacy. The results of regression analysis revealed that SE had a significant positive effect on perceived VE efficacy. No significant effects were found of perceptions on performance and memory. Furthermore, the study provided insights into the relationships between the perception measures and performance measures for assessing the efficacy of VE training systems. The study also addressed how well users learn, perform, adapt to and perceive the VE training, which provides valuable insight into the system efficacy. Research and practical implications are presented at the end of the paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes an extended model of technology acceptance to understand potential users’ acceptance of online banking information systems (OBIS). The proposed model integrates key constructs from information systems and e-commerce acceptance research streams into the theoretical frame of the technology acceptance model. The model was tested on a sample of 353 Internet banking users in Pakistan. Using structural equation modelling with Analysis of Moment Structures software, data analysis showed considerable support for the extended hypothesised model. The results suggested that, in order of importance: perceived usefulness (PU), perceived ease of use (PEOU) and trust explained 45.7% of the variance in intended acceptance behaviour. Trust and technological self-efficacy (TSE) predicted 28.1% of the variance in PU. While in PEOU 21.8% of the variance was predicted by TSE, accessibility and terminology clarity. This study produced valuable insights into the factors that influence acceptance of OBIS by intended users and offers new ideas in understanding the acceptance of technology, especially in developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Despite the opportunities the health sector will offer as a result of the design and development of a technology infrastructure, the fact is that hospitals have been slow to adopt telemedicine technologies, largely because very few organisations are prepared to face this challenge. A possible explanation for the efficiency and effectiveness gaps of services provided by Hospital-in-the-Home Units (HHUs) may relate to the advantages and disadvantages of the knowledge processes that these units exhibit as a result of their different structural properties. This paper investigates the approaches that HHUs have used to update the knowledge of physicians and their members' knowledge of technology, and relates them to an unlearning context (UC) and improvement in the quality of health services. These relationships are examined through an empirical investigation of 55 doctors and 62 nurses belonging to 44 HHUs. The research findings suggest that the key benefits of a UC in HHUs are clear. It enables them to identify and replace poor practices and also avoids the reinvention of the wheel; it enables cost reduction by minimising unnecessary work caused by the use of poor methods and it enables improvements adopting new telemedicine technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the role of website usability in a B2C electronic commerce environment. The authors identify dimensions of website usability that have been examined in the literature and integrate those usability dimensions within an electronic commerce acceptance model using an e-commerce simulation. Structural equation modelling was used to analyse the relationship between several website usability and e-commerce variables (design credibility, content, interactivity, navigability, responsiveness, download delay, perceived usefulness, perceived ease of use, and satisfaction with design) as well as trust, perceived risk, and intention to transact. The results demonstrate that website usability does influence several outcomes that are important for businesses to attract and retain customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the development and empirical validation of a new scale for measuring usability in online shops, i.e. the Usability Questionnaire for Online Shops (UFOS). Sixty users with different demographic characteristics were given the task of finding and ordering products in two out of six web shops. In addition to usability, shop response time, shop size, services, distinctiveness of products and trust were used as predictors with intention to buy and decision to buy as criteria. A factor analysis of UFOS revealed seven factors, consisting of general usability, accessibility of general conditions, product search, shopping-basket handling, process of ordering, product overview, self-descriptiveness and product characteristics. Results on intention to buy show that about half of the participants were not willing to buy online, and users with more experience in online shopping and a higher frequency of Internet use were more willing to buy online. A regression analysis of buying intention shows that usability has the greatest impact on buying intention, followed by the size of the shop and trust. A discriminant analysis reveals that usability and perceived size are the characteristics which contribute mostly to the decision to buy and correctly classify 91% of the decision to buy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study attempts to understand the factors that influence clinician resistance to the implementation of health information technology in a mandatory setting. A survey study was conducted with 202 clinicians regarding their perceptions of the implementation of electronic medication management systems (eMMS) in an Australian hospital. The data was collected during the initial roll-out of eMMS for model validation and quantitative analysis. The overall results indicated that performance expectancy, switching costs, and facilitating conditions are direct predictors of clinician resistance, whereas effort expectancy and social influence showed indirect effects on clinician resistance through performance expectancy or switching costs. The study is among the first study that investigates passive clinician resistance to the implementation of health information technology in a health organisation. This study also focused on opposition behaviour among under-examined degrees of resistance. This study provides some insights to the hospital management on how to mitigate clinician resistance in the implementation of health information technology. Other types of clinician resistance, such as postponement and rejection, are not examined in this study. Future research on postponement behaviour and rejection behaviour is needed to have a more comprehensive view of clinician resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the lens of trust–commitment and co-creation theories, this study explores the effect of trust on commitment and co-creation intentions within the free-to-play (F2P) gaming industry, to extend our understanding of co-creation within a service context. Responses from an online survey were used as inputs into a structural equation model (SEM). The findings reveal that trust in a F2P game influences commitment to continue playing the F2P game and elicit behaviour in the form of co-creation intentions. The findings also found that involvement and achievement motivations partially mediate the relationship between trust and commitment and escapism significantly moderates the relationship between trust and involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been stated that learners who take an active role in their learning are more likely to advance their analytical skills and expand their social connections. However, the process through which learners can expand their social capital is still unexplored. This study employs social cognitive theory to conduct a threefold investigation: (1) determining the impact of learner proactivity on online learner interaction, (2) determining the mediating influence of online learner interaction in the association between learner proactivity and learner social capital; and (3) determining the extent to which perceived peer support (PPS) influences the relationship between learner proactivity and learner social capital. The final sample of 322 respondents from China's Anhui province was employed in this study. The findings of this study, which were driven by a social cognitive theory, reveal that learner proactivity reaps social networks through online interaction, strengthening learner social capital in virtual learning. This study also found that PPS boosted the indirect influence of online learner interaction in the relationship between learner proactivity and learner social capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Applying the dual theories of stressor–strain–outcome and ego-depletion in the technology-based working environment, this study examines how late-night smartphone usage could impact on employee's job performance. Using two waves of data collected from 373 valid responses by supervisor–subordinate dyads, we test the mediating effect of work withdrawal and moderating role of self-emotional regulation ability on the relationship between late-night smartphone usage and job performance. Results reveal that more late-night smartphone usages by employees lead to a higher level of withdrawal behaviour, which in turn lowers their job performance. However, employees' self-emotional regulation ability helps mitigate the negative impact of late-night smartphone usage on their withdrawal intentions. We run the moderating mediation analysis in the second step of the study. The findings show that people with a higher level of self-emotional regulation ability tend to better manage their late-night smartphone usage with less work withdrawal behaviour, which enables them to achieve better job performance. Implications of the findings to research and practice especially in the realms of emotional intelligence and human resource management under the changing technology and work patterns are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While gamification researchers have emphasised the exploration of game dynamics beyond typical game mechanics, there is still a blind spot regarding how specific game dynamics driven by social features enhance individual agility in the workplace. Since socially driven game dynamics are essential for collective units like organisations, this research conceptualized collaborative competition, paralinguistic digital recognition, and dynamic interactions as socially driven game dynamics and further, investigated how these game dynamics enhance individual agility through a moderated mediation model. Adopting a purposive sampling technique, 421 complete responses were found to be suitable for further analysis. The hypotheses were tested using an observed variable approach (Process Macro). The indirect effect of paralinguistic digital recognition on employee agility through collective engagement was found to be stronger than that of other game dynamics, such as collaborative competition and dynamic interactions. As hypothesised, collective goal difficulty acts as a positive moderator, accentuating the mediating effect of collective engagement. This study is one of the first works explaining the association between gamification and employee agility with a systematic framework, therefore advancing the existing literature on gamification and employee agility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the substantial attention paid to the effects of game violence and game addiction, insufficient research has been conducted on other moral risks of gaming behaviour. Drawing upon the General Learning Model and the Differential Susceptibility to Media Effects Model, the current study utilised a survey approach to investigate the effect of online gameplay on emerging adults' real-life unethical decision-making. The mediation analyses showed no direct effect of gaming intensity on unethical decision-making, but revealed two significant indirect effects: the specific indirect effect through game cheating and the serial indirect effect through game cheating and moral disengagement. Both the indirect effects were contingent upon the moderator of peer cheating. Specifically, the relationship between gaming intensity and unethical decision-making was positively significant at low levels of peer cheating and negatively significant at high levels. In addition to contributing to a broader view of the effects of online gameplay, this study also contributes to the literature on divergent gaming behaviours and online ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of the Internet and the widespread adoption of mobile devices, live streaming has become a new social medium in the last few years. Hence, the continuous usage of live streaming platforms has become an important issue. Based on social exchange theory, this study investigates how different kinds of interactions affect viewers' sense of virtual community (SOVC) and in turn facilitate their continuous watching intention. Empirical results (N = 423) reveal that both viewer-broadcaster interaction and viewer-viewer interaction positively affect viewers' SOVC, which further enhances their stickiness. Furthermore, viewer-platform interaction positively moderates the effects of interactions between viewers and broadcasters on their SOVC, whereas the moderating role of gift-giving behaviour is insignificant. Finally, the effects of viewer-broadcaster interaction and viewer-viewer interaction on stickiness are partially mediated by SOVC. This study contributes to in-depth research on the relationships between different specific interactions and viewers' continuous watching intention, which enriches the existing study on live streaming and deepens our understanding of viewers' stickiness. The empirical findings of this study suggest that social media developers and managers take actions to encourage interactions that increase viewers' stickiness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]