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This paper constructs a risk reduction model based on signalling theory to investigate how the platform- and user-oriented signals affect perceived risks, which in turn affect users' actual engagement and purchase behaviours in social commerce. The moderating effects of perceived effectiveness of social commerce institutional mechanisms (PESIM) on the relationships between signals and perceived risks are also considered. Longitudinal data from 226 users of Xiaohongshu were collected to test the proposed hypotheses. We identify signals oriented from platforms and users significantly influence users' perceptions of commerce and participation risks. We also demonstrate that commerce and participation risks influence users' actual engagement and purchase behaviours, respectively. Furthermore, we also verify that PESIM negatively moderates the relationship between signals and perceived risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of information security behavioural intention (ISBI) can be complex and dynamic in different contexts. This paper aims to examine and compare different users' ISBI formalisation mechanisms when dealing with their personal affairs (non-work users) and organisational affairs (work users). Drawing on two principles of Conservation of Resources (COR) theory (i.e. resource loss principle, and resource gain principle), we developed two models to examine how situational support affects ISBI formation. The results of a study of 432 non-worker users and 261 work users indicate a curvilinear relationship between situational support and ISBI through subjective norms and risk perception for non-worker users, whilst a linear relationship via subjective norms is found for worker users. This is the first time that COR has been applied to explain the formation of ISBI. The findings broaden the research scope of individuals' ISBI by revealing how situational support affects the formalisation mechanism for different users in cross-contexts. The theoretical and practical implications of the findings and the future study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While there is a growing body of literature on information privacy suggesting different mechanisms of how people's privacy concerns might be impacting their attitudes and behaviour when using social media, recent questionable data use practices by social media platforms and third parties call for a renewed validation of existing information privacy models. The objective of this research is to re-examine the variables predicting why people disclose information on social media. Building on previous work, this paper puts forward a comprehensive Privacy Concerns and Social Media Use Model (PC-SMU) and evaluates it in a specific cultural and legal environment (social media users from a single county, Canada). The study delves into the privacy paradox and shows that the benefits of using social media are the main driver of self-disclosure, and that self-disclosing behaviours are nuanced by the users' information privacy protection strategies. We also find that higher levels of social media literacy, and concerns about organisational threats to a lesser extent, lead to higher levels of information privacy management, emphasizing the importance of educating users about how to use the different privacy and security features provided by social media platforms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cognitive cognitive load theory (CLT) has been conceived for improving instructional design practices. Although researched for many years, one open problem is a clear definition of its cognitive load types and their aggregation towards an index of overall cognitive load. In Ergonomics, the situation is different with plenty of research devoted to the development of robust constructs of mental workload (MWL). By drawing a parallel between CLT and MWL, as well as by integrating relevant theories and measurement techniques from these two fields, this paper is aimed at investigating the reliability, validity and sensitivity of three existing self-reporting mental workload measures when applied to long learning sessions, namely, the NASA Task Load index, the Workload Profile and the Rating Scale Mental Effort, in a typical university classroom. These measures were aimed at serving for the evaluation of two instructional conditions. Evidence suggests these selected measures are reliable and their moderate validity is in line with results obtained within Ergonomics. Additionally, an analysis of their sensitivity by employing the descriptive Harrell-Davis estimator suggests that the Workload Profile is more sensitive than the Nasa Task Load Index and the Rating Scale Mental Effort for long learning sessions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a new computer-supported collaborative learning-based groupware is proposed for supporting problem-based collaborative learning in computer programming education setting. The geo-distributed learners can collaboratively with their tutor resolve the common programming problem within a shared workspace. The proposed system embeds some synchronous and asynchronous collaborative tools that allow learners and tutor to interact with each other to develop a shared source code of the program. This research work has two main objectives. First, it attempts to present the proposed groupware functionalities. Second, it discusses the experimental study adopted to assess the acceptability of the Groupware. Such study is an empirical method based on the model of unified theory of the acceptance and use of technology to determine learners' Behavioural Intention (BI) to accept to use such Groupware in Algerian higher education setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As artificial intelligence (AI) became a part of daily life, it has become important to determine user competence in using AI technology. Here, we propose the concept of AI literacy and develop a quantitative scale for obtaining accurate data regarding the AI literacy of ordinary users. We first identified the primary core constructs of AI literacy, including awareness, use, evaluation, and ethics. Next, we generated 65 items to capture these four constructs; only 31 items were retained after a three-step content validation process. Then, we conducted a survey, and collected two samples of data. By reducing the number of items using the first sample and performing reliability and validity tests on the second sample, we obtained a 12-item instrument for the quantitative measurement of AI literacy. The results confirmed that the proposed four-construct model is an adequate representation of AI literacy. Further, AI literacy is significantly related to digital literacy, attitude towards robots, and users' daily usage of AI. This study will not only aid researchers in understanding how user competence in using AI technology affects human–AI interactions but will also help designers develop AI applications that are aligned with the AI literacy levels of the target users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time pressure, a common phenomenon in everyday workplace environments, is an important driver for non-secure cybersecurity behaviour in organisations. Under time pressure, users are more likely to rely upon fast, affect-driven decision making, increasing their susceptibility to make mistakes and justify non-secure workarounds. This contributes to the role of human error in cybersecurity and counteracts cybersecurity measures (CSMs) designed to protect organisations from threats and vulnerabilities. In this study, we report results from an online survey (N = 207), investigating how users perceive the effectiveness of CSMs for facilitating secure behaviour under time pressure. Understanding how users perceive the effectiveness of CSMs is important to inform the design and implementation of such measures in practice. We find that perceived CSM effectiveness differs greatly across measures. Thereby, users' appreciation of incident severity and the general level of time pressure in their daily lives emerge as important antecedents. We discuss theoretical and practical implications for the design and implementation of CSMs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the impact of the perceptions of antisocial behaviour on the use of the social media platform Twitter. We extend the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) with the Perception of Antisocial Behaviour as a risk factor, and two supporting constructs: Strategic Self-Presentation and Protective Self-Presentation. We call this extended model Technology Acceptance and Use under Risk (TAUR). We investigate two groups via an online questionnaire, contrasting Anglophone countries (the UK, USA, and Canada, 200 responses), with Saudi Arabia (540 responses). In both cases the data shows that the Perception of Antisocial Behaviour impacts Twitter use, but not directly, rather it negatively impacts the influence of other factors such as Behavioural Intention – it also shows that this affects Anglophones more than Saudis. This indicates that future work should differentiate between different cultural groups, and different solutions may be needed to assuage users' fears in different parts of the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research on gender role stereotypes activated in interactions with humanoid robots has yet to produce conclusive knowledge. To analyse how much, and in which way, gender role stereotypes used in interactions with humans are also called into play in interactions with humanoid robots, a study was conducted with 240 participants. The study was an online survey in which a scale was used for determining the appropriateness for performing four stereotypically masculine and four feminine by humans and robots. Overall, eight humanoid robots – four judged feminine and four masculine – were considered. Results showed that gender role stereotypes are activated for both genders, but men most strongly activate those pertaining to male roles. These stereotypes are also adopted in reference to humanoid robots, though robots are generally considered less suitable for performing female roles. Furthermore, an increased degree of similarity of robots to humans has a positive effect in assessing the appropriateness to perform female roles only for female robots. The same does not happen with male robots. These results suggest that male and female robots are not categorised in the same way. Robots are essentially perceived as male entities, a particularly relevant hypothesis for the gender-sensitive design of humanoid robots. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prior research has shown the personal catharsis benefits of social media use as an outlet for emotional and cognitive problem solving, especially during a natural disaster. However, the mechanism for this problem-solving process has not been identified in prior literature. Using a theoretical lens derived from prior social psychology literature, we advance two theoretical explanations of catharsis, with competing outcomes. One explanation holds that catharsis arises from resolving personal problems with others. A second explanation holds that catharsis arises from disclosing feelings to others. Using data from 183 Twitter users, we test these two theories in two time periods: during a natural disaster, in the response period, and after the natural disaster, during the recovery period. We find significant differences in catharsis response between the two periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With technology being ubiquitous in our daily lives, it is crucial to understand the factors that influence their perceived credibility. In the current research, we focus on the design of Academic Social Networking Sites (ASNSs). In order to facilitate continuous adoption and use of ASNSs, it is important to understand the factors that determine their Perceived Credibility. Using the Persuasive System Design (PSD) framework as a foundation, the study investigated which of these four key constructs (i.e. Perceived Aesthetics, Perceived Usability, Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Primary Task Support) are the most relevant determinants of the Perceived Credibility of ASNSs. In an online survey, the current research assessed this research model. The results of Partial Least Square analyses confirmed that Perceived Aesthetics, Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Primary Task Support are determinants of Perceived Credibility but provided no evidence for Perceived Usability as a determinant. Moreover, the results showed that Perceived Primary Task Support was the most relevant determinant of Perceived Credibility. Implications of these findings are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Working remotely from home within lockdown conditions can have implications on wellbeing and how people perceive and interact with technology to coordinate, communicate and collaborate with others. Previous research has shown relationships amongst life satisfaction, loneliness and problematic internet use and, also, between the latter and cyber security behaviours. We re-examine these relationships during the UK COVID-19 lockdown through an online survey completed by 299 participants working from home. The survey included demographics and work conditions questions and also the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS), UCLA-3 Loneliness Scale, Problematic Internet Use Questionnaire-Short Form-6 (PIUQ-SF-6), and Security Behavior Intentions Scale (SeBIS). Structural equation modelling revealed that most notably, loneliness positively predicted problematic internet use, life satisfaction negatively predicted problematic internet use and that problematic internet use negatively predicted cyber security behaviours Implications includes educational and therapeutic interventions which could be applied by employers/governing bodies to target those at risk of loneliness and problematic internet use with the hope of mitigating these experiences and improving cyber security behaviours. The current findings may be especially relevant should waves of COVID-19 or similar crisis are experienced, and when working from home becomes a norm for some organisations and jobs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Business collaboration in the era of digital transformation requires the exchange of operational data. Since data are hardly controllable once they have been published or shared with others, it is highly important that users are clearly informed about who has access to which data and how certain settings can prevent the disclosure of sensitive data. However, giving end users more control over their data through increased transparency could also lead to information overload. This is particularly true in the field of agriculture, where tight schedules put pressure on employees of small enterprises. We conduct an empirical prestudy with 52 German farmers to investigate current data sharing scenarios. From these insights, we derive requirements and a concept for data sharing solutions providing data flow transparency for users. To investigate the behavior of users and the effects of transparent UI controls, we evaluate a prototype with 18 persons. Our evaluation shows that farmers demand flexible and secure tools that adjust to their workflows. Also, data should be stored and processed locally, granting farmers data sovereignty. Although the controls require additional effort, the evaluated transparent controls for data disclosure are easy to use and raise user awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parties in a positive affective state generally boost creativity in social commerce. Superior institution-based trust may enhance multi-sided partners' positive affective reactions that lead to facilitate actively engagement for achieving the benefits of value co-creation. This study develops a conceptual model in which third-party assurance mechanisms and third-party logistics act as moderating constructs for examining the relation between agility and the network effect, both of which affect value co-creation. The results show that institution-based trust operates through the interaction between agility and multi-sided mechanisms in ensuring the value co-creation as it reinforces the network effects in the process. The findings of the study provide practical insights into how online merchants can reinforce the interaction between agility and multi-sided mechanisms so as to provide positive affective state and in turn enhance network effects and value co-creation that improves the social commerce platform as a whole. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media addiction became a serious concern that has received more attention from the public health sector due to its addictive features and its correlated psychological consequences. Thus, this study aimed to analyze the direct effect of SMA on academic performance, and the indirect effects on psychological reactions among university students in Jordan. A random survey in two universities was conducted in a sample of 510 university students; 31.4% were males and 68.6% were females. Their average age was 21.38 years (SD = 2.12). To test and validate the research model, advanced data analysis (Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Squares [SEM-PLS]) was applied in this research. Findings revealed that social media addiction had an indirect effect on academic performance, however; it has a direct impact on students' stress and anxiety levels. The stress could influence anxiety levels, which could directly affect students' academic performance. Further, students' stress levels had a direct effect on anxiety, which could result in depression. Given the importance of social media addiction and its potentially substantive effects on students' psychological reactions and impact of these reactions on academic performance, similar studies are recommended in other universities various fields to obtain a more conclusive result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The global information and communication technologies (ICT) industry considers the Internet of Things (IoT) to be a promising and innovative area for development. The IoT concept encompasses both traditional products and services as well as new services. However, there is always user resistance whenever new products or innovative services are introduced in the market, and only a few studies have considered the concept of user resistance in understanding users' perspectives toward IoT environments. Thus, this study employed the concept of user resistance behaviour to explain the continual usage intention of IoT services. The results, using structural equation modelling with an integrated research model, confirm the roles of perceived benefits, risk, and three external factors – privacy concerns, trust, and ease of use – in influencing the intention to use IoT services or products. Moreover, the relationships between intention, resistance attitude, perceived benefits, and risk were also investigated. The findings can provide a foundation for using user resistance behaviour to explain the future of IoT-based services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the ever-increasing popularity of livestreaming commerce, understanding how livestreaming contributes to online consumption becomes crucial to social commerce. However, studies pertain to livestreaming commerce are still at a nascent stage. Based on the elaboration likelihood model and trust transfer theory, we aim to examine the underlying mechanism of how livestreaming influences consumers' trust building and purchasing intention. The determinants, process and consequences of trust are discussed. More than 545 experienced livestreaming commerce users participated in this study in China. Our findings show two different routes through which consumers' trust can be built and affect their purchase intention and willingness to pay more. We also verify the trust transfer effect exists from trust in the streamer to trust in product in livestreaming commerce. We hope this study will bring more insight into trust and the underlying mechanism of how livestreaming increases product sales. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study defines and analyses adaptive gamification design principles for online courses. It was conducted as a holistic single case study framed by two theoretical approaches, namely, gamification and adaptive learning. The first part of the study establishes a theoretical matrix with its contents converted into a questionnaire which includes nine semi-structured questions. Following this, a four-round Delphi panel with 12 field experts was performed. In the second part, the design principle proposition checklist was presented to a focus group of six formed by experts in the field of open and distance education to obtain their feedback on its usability, applicability and significance. The qualitative data obtained in the first phase was analysed by using content analysis while the quantitative data obtained in the other phases were analysed by calculating the distribution of frequencies and measures of central tendency. Results of the Delphi rounds and the focus group interview yielded a checklist of adaptive gamification design principles for online courses comprising 102 design principles under 11 themes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Smartphone-based Social networking sites (SNS) use changed the ways that individuals are increasingly becoming free and flexible to engage in social media wherever and whenever they like. However, there have been few studies that ask possible adverse effects of the late-night usage of Smartphone-based SNS. The current aims to explore the effects of late-night extreme social, cognitive, and hedonic usages of social media, such as poor sleep quality (PSQ) and cognitive function depletion (CFD). Drawing from stress–strain-outcome and ego-depletion theories, we argue that late-night Smartphone-based SNS usage is a reason for sleep deprivation, thereby leading to the depletion of cognitive function with the inducement of poor academic performance. The study opted for an empirical study (N = 701), based on a dual theoretical model measured by using the adapted scale from well-established and reliable studies. This study determined that Smartphone-based SNS use for personal gratification at night affects PSQ, thereby relating to significant CFD during the day. Consequently, it influences the academic performance of the users. We also discussed the implications for the service provider, users, especially students, and others who are working with the dark side of SNSs use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Virtual Reality applications have the goal of transporting their users to a given virtual environment (VE). Thus, Presence is a consensual metric for evaluating the VEs' effectiveness. The present study adapts the Presence Questionnaire (PQ) for the Portuguese-speaking population, maintaining the validity of the contents and concepts, to ascertain the psychometric properties of the instrument.The adaptation to Portuguese was achieved through the standard adaptation process of translation and back-translation process. The sample consisted of 451 individuals (268 males and 183 females). Factor reliability ranged from 0.63 to 0.86. Confirmatory factor analysis produced a theoretical model of 21 items distributed among seven factors, where the covariance between some residual item errors was established. The fit indices obtained were χ 2 / d f = 2.077 , GFI = 0.936 , CFI = 0.937 , RMSEA = 0.049 , P [RMSEA ≤ 0.05 ], MECVI = 1.070. Results obtained allowed us to consider that the adapted Portuguese version of the PQ, with 21 items, forms a robust and valid questionnaire whose use is recommended to evaluate Presence in virtual reality research programmes, provided that they use samples of the Portuguese language (Europe). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]