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In the last decade Behavioral Marital Therapy (BMT) developed rapidly and has been shown to be superior to various control conditions. The present study was designed to replicate these findings and to investigate the differential effectiveness of a conjoint and a conjoint-group modality. A total of 50 couples were included in the study. The length of therapy was 15 sessions, with follow-ups conducted after 6 and 12 months. To evaluate treatment outcome a multiple assessment battery was used consisting of self-report questionnaires and observational measures. After therapy both BMT modalities showed significant improvements as compared to the waiting list couples in six out of seven variables. Changes remained stable in three out of five variables over a 12-month follow-up period. There were no significant differences between the two BMT modalities.