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Background: CD4 can assess the immune status of a patient with HIV, and this is considered the standard way of assessing and characterizing the severity of HIV-related immunodeficiency. CD4 cell counts are associated with increased mucocutaneous manifestations. This study aims to explain the relationship between CD4 and mucocutaneous manifestations in HIV-AIDS patients. Methods: This study is analytical with a retrospective cross-sectional design. The data of the present study was obtained from a number of 614 HIV-AIDS patients with mucocutaneous manifestations, but only 149 patients met the inclusion criteria, including the CD4 level data. Results: The majority of the patients in this study were male (74.5%), which includes patients under the age group of 25-49 years (70.5%). The most common risk factor was heterosexuality (48.3%). Most CD4 levels were in the CD4 group < 200 (64.4%). Based on the distribution of mucocutaneous manifestations, the various cases were reported as infections (55.8%). Pyoderma and syphilis were significantly associated with CD4 counts ≥ 200 cells/mm3 with a risk of 3.7 and 7.8 times than CD4 cells < 200 cells / mm3. On the other hand, candidiasis was higher in CD4 count < 200 cells/mm3 with a significant difference and a risk of 0.3 times compared to CD4 count ≥ 200 cells/mm3. Conclusion: Several mucocutaneous manifestations can be considered predictors of advanced immunosuppression (low CD4 level), which were pyoderma, syphilis, and candidiasis in this study.

Background: Melasma is characterized by symmetrical brownish macules with well-defined borders. The etiology of melasma is still unknown, but factors that are thought to influence include genetic predisposition, ultraviolet radiation, hormonal factors, thyroid disorders, use of cosmetics, and drugs. This study aimed to determine the epidemiological data, evaluate risk factors, management, and follow-up in new melasma patients. Methods: The medical records of patients with melasma attending Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Clinic over a 4-year period from 2015 to 2018 were analyzed retrospectively for this descriptive, observational study. Data were analyzed using SPSS version 23 for Windows. Results: This study found 739 new melasma patients from January 2015 to December 2018, with the proportion of women 734 patients (99.3%) more than men only 5 patients (0,7%). The age of most patients who were treated was 46-55 years in 320 patients (43.3%), with the highest age of onset being 37-45 years in 308 patients (41.7%). About 561 patients (75.9%) had a melasma duration of more than 1 year. The most common job of melasma patients was housewives in 366 patients (49.5%). The most frequent risk factor for melasma was ultraviolet radiation in 258 patients (34.9%). The most common melasma was malar type in 482 patients (65.2%) and mixed melasma in 617 patients (83.4%). The most widely administered therapy was sunscreen in 735 patients (99.5%) and Tretinoin 0.05% in 235 patients (31.8%). Most patients did not make repeat visits as many as 448 patients (60.6%). Conclusion: The most common disease in women of childbearing age with ultraviolet radiation is the most precipitating risk factor. The low number of patient repeat visits can be caused by a lack of doctor education or a lack of patient adherence to treatment due to chronic and recurrent diseases.