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In recent years, neutrosophic theory has garnered increasing attention within scholarly circles due to its applicability in various domains. Within these domains, the field of decision-making has derived significant advantages from the progressions in neutrosophic theory. Notably, neutrosophic theory has made substantial contributions by advancing and offering a range of aggregation operators and information measures specifically designed for enhancing decision-making processes. In this context, this study aims to conduct a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of the current research landscape in the field of neutrosophic theory, with a specific focus on understanding its applications and development trends. Our analysis reveals that the scientific literature addresses neutrosophic theory in a diverse range of applications. This examination encompasses a scrutiny of key contributors, affiliated academic institutions, influential publications, and noteworthy journals within the neutrosophic domain. To achieve this, we have curated a dataset comprising scholarly papers retrieved from Clarivate Analytics' Web of Science Core Collection database, employing keywords closely aligned with neutrosophic theory and its applications, spanning a specified timeframe starting from the year in which the first paper on neutrosophic theory was published, namely, from 2005 until 2022. Our findings underscore sustained and robust scholarly interest in neutrosophic theory, characterized by a considerable high annual growth rate of 43.74% during the specified period. Additionally, our investigation delves into the identification and analysis of pivotal keywords and emerging trends, shedding light on prominent research trajectories within this domain. Furthermore, we elucidate collaborative networks among authors, their academic affiliations, and the global distribution across diverse countries and territories, providing valuable insights into the worldwide proliferation of neutrosophic research and applications. Employing n-gram analysis techniques across titles, keywords, abstracts, and keyword-plus fields unveils a multitude of applications where neutrosophic theory plays a central role. The analysis culminates in a review of globally cited documents and a comprehensive discussion highlighting the significance of neutrosophic theory in contemporary research and problem-solving contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This document is a special issue of the journal Axioms titled "Topology and Functional Analysis" in honor of María Jesús Chasco's 65th birthday. It includes papers on topological groups, topological semi-groups, and topological vector spaces, highlighting the interaction between topology and functional analysis. The papers cover various topics such as factorization of groups into thin subsets, extensions of characters defined on subgroups, distinguished subgroups of compact Abelian groups, preservation of min-subgroup structure under aggregation functions, bounded sets in topological spaces subject to the action of a monoid, and the distinguished property in tensor products and weak* dual spaces. María Jesús Chasco is recognized for her contributions to mathematics, particularly in the field of duality in topological groups. [Extracted from the article]

The document is an editorial conclusion for a special issue on "New Theory and Applications of Nonlinear Analysis, Fractional Calculus, and Optimization." It highlights the widespread and significant applications of nonlinear analysis in various fields of mathematics and science. The special issue includes 10 research papers that cover topics such as optimality conditions, fixed point results, determinantal expressions, pricing of credit risk derivatives, pseudo-asymptotically periodic solutions, common fixed points, local unique solvability, finite-time stability, summation and integral representations, and the existence of solutions. The authors express their appreciation to the contributors and reviewers and hope that the papers inspire future research in these areas. [Extracted from the article]

This document is a summary of a special issue of the journal Axioms titled "New Developments in Geometric Function Theory II." The special issue contains 14 research papers that explore various topics related to complex-valued functions in the field of Geometric Function Theory. The papers cover subjects such as coefficient estimates, subordination theories, hypergeometric functions, and differential operators. Each paper presents new findings and results that contribute to the development of Geometric Function Theory. The special issue is recommended for researchers and scholars interested in this field of study. The document also acknowledges the authors, reviewers, and editors involved in the creation of the special issue. [Extracted from the article]

This document is an editorial introducing a special issue of the journal Axioms titled "Differential Geometry and Its Application, 2nd Edition." The special issue covers various topics in theoretical and practical mathematical studies, including Riemannian theories, Finsler geometry, manifolds with non-symmetric linear connections, and more. The issue contains 17 papers that were accepted after a rigorous reviewing process. The papers explore topics such as dual representations of Bertrand offsets, infinitesimal affine transformations on statistical manifolds, non-Riemannian quantities in Finsler geometry, and the behavior of the Oregonator model in the BZ-reaction. [Extracted from the article]

The rapid progression of emerging technologies like the Internet of Things (IoT) and Big Data analytics for manufacturing has driven innovation across various industries worldwide. Production data are utilized to construct a model for quality evaluation and analysis applicable to components processed by machine tools, ensuring process quality for critical components and final product quality for the machine tools. Machine tool parts often encompass several quality characteristics concurrently, categorized into three types: smaller-the-better, larger-the-better, and nominal-the-better. In this paper, an evaluation index for the nominal-the-better quality characteristic was segmented into two single-sided Six Sigma quality indexes. Furthermore, the process quality of the entire component product was assessed by n single-sided Six Sigma quality indexes. According to numerous studies, machine tool manufacturers conventionally base their decisions on small sample sizes (n), considering timeliness and costs. However, this often leads to inconsistent evaluation results due to significant sampling errors. Therefore, this paper established fuzzy testing rules using the confidence intervals of the q single-sided Six Sigma quality indices, serving as the fuzzy quality evaluation model for components of machine tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sixth paper, "On Some New Ostrowski-Mercer-Type Inequalities for Differentiable Functions", by Sial et al. [[6]], establishes a new integral identity involving differentiable functions and uses it for some new Ostrowski-Mercer-type inequalities for differentiable convex functions. The importance of inequalities in Mathematics is beautifully summarized in a citation attributed to Respected Professor Andrey Nikolaevich Kolmogorov: HT

Mathematical models play a crucial role in evaluating real-life processes qualitatively and quantitatively. They have been extensively employed to study the spread of diseases such as hepatitis B, COVID-19, influenza, and other epidemics. Many researchers have discussed various types of epidemiological models, including deterministic, stochastic, and fractional order models, for this purpose. This article presents a comprehensive review and comparative study of the transmission dynamics of fractional order in epidemiological modeling. A significant portion of the paper is dedicated to the graphical simulation of these models, providing a visual representation of their behavior and characteristics. The article further embarks on a comparative analysis of fractional-order models with their integer-order counterparts. This comparison sheds light on the nuances and subtleties that differentiate these models, thereby offering valuable insights into their respective strengths and limitations. The paper also explores time delay models, non-linear incidence rate models, and stochastic models, explaining their use and significance in epidemiology. It includes studies and models that focus on the transmission dynamics of diseases using fractional order models, as well as comparisons with integer-order models. The findings from this study contribute to the broader understanding of epidemiological modeling, paving the way for more accurate and effective strategies in disease control and prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hurwitz zeta-function ζ (s , α) , s = σ + i t , with parameter 0 < α ⩽ 1 is a generalization of the Riemann zeta-function ζ (s) ( ζ (s , 1) = ζ (s) ) and was introduced at the end of the 19th century. The function ζ (s , α) plays an important role in investigations of the distribution of prime numbers in arithmetic progression and has applications in special function theory, algebraic number theory, dynamical system theory, other fields of mathematics, and even physics. The function ζ (s , α) is the main example of zeta-functions without Euler's product (except for the cases α = 1 , α = 1 / 2 ), and its value distribution is governed by arithmetical properties of α. For the majority of zeta-functions, ζ (s , α) for some α is universal, i.e., its shifts ζ (s + i τ , α) , τ ∈ R , approximate every analytic function defined in the strip { s : 1 / 2 < σ < 1 } . For needs of effectivization of the universality property for ζ (s , α) , the interval for τ must be as short as possible, and this can be achieved by using the mean square estimate for ζ (σ + i t , α) in short intervals. In this paper, we obtain the bound O (H) for that mean square over the interval [ T − H , T + H ] , with T 27 / 82 ⩽ H ⩽ T σ and 1 / 2 < σ ⩽ 7 / 12 . This is the first result on the mean square for ζ (s , α) in short intervals. In forthcoming papers, this estimate will be applied for proof of universality for ζ (s , α) and other zeta-functions in short intervals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the existence and location of solutions for a Neumann problem driven by a (p , q) Laplacian operator and with a reaction term that depends not only on the solution and its gradient but also incorporates an intrinsic operator, which is its main novelty. This paper can be seen as the study of a quasilinear Neumann problem involving an elaborated perturbation with a Nemytskij operator. The approach proceeds through a version of the sub/supersolution method, exploiting an invariance property regarding the sub/supersolution ordered interval with respect to the intrinsic operator. An example illustrates the applicability of our result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Graham and Pollack in 1971 presented applications of eigenvalues of the distance matrix in addressing problems in data communication systems. Spectral graph theory employs tools from linear algebra to retrieve the properties of a graph from the spectrum of graph-theoretic matrices. The study of graphs with "few eigenvalues" is a contemporary problem in spectral graph theory. This paper studies graphs with few distinct distance eigenvalues. After mentioning the classification of graphs with one and two distinct distance eigenvalues, we mainly focus on graphs with three distinct distance eigenvalues. Characterizing graphs with three distinct distance eigenvalues is "highly" non-trivial. In this paper, we classify all trees whose distance matrix has precisely three distinct eigenvalues. Our proof is different from earlier existing proof of the result as our proof is extendable to other similar families such as unicyclic and bicyclic graphs. The main tools which we employ include interlacing and equitable partitions. We also list all the connected graphs on ν ≤ 6 vertices and compute their distance spectra. Importantly, all these graphs on ν ≤ 6 vertices are determined from their distance spectra. We deliver a distance cospectral pair of order 7, thus making it a distance cospectral pair of the smallest order. This paper is concluded with some future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, a large class of contractions is studied that contains Banach and Matkowski maps as particular cases. Sufficient conditions for the existence of fixed points are proposed in the framework of b-metric spaces. The convergence and stability of the Picard iterations are analyzed, giving error estimates for the fixed-point approximation. Afterwards, the iteration proposed by Kirk in 1971 is considered, studying its convergence, stability, and error estimates in the context of a quasi-normed space. The properties proved can be applied to other types of contractions, since the self-maps defined contain many others as particular cases. For instance, if the underlying set is a metric space, the contractions of type Kannan, Chatterjea, Zamfirescu, Ćirić, and Reich are included in the class of contractivities studied in this paper. These findings are applied to the construction of fractal surfaces on Banach algebras, and the definition of two-variable frames composed of fractal mappings with values in abstract Hilbert spaces. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In studying boundary value problems and coupled systems of fractional order in (1 , 2 ] , involving Hilfer fractional derivative operators, a zero initial condition is necessary. The consequence of this fact is that boundary value problems and coupled systems of fractional order with non-zero initial conditions cannot be studied. For example, such boundary value problems and coupled systems of fractional order are those including separated, non-separated, or periodic boundary conditions. In this paper, we propose a method for studying a coupled system of fractional order in (1 , 2 ] , involving fractional derivative operators of Hilfer and Caputo with non-separated boundary conditions. More precisely, a sequential coupled system of fractional differential equations including Hilfer and Caputo fractional derivative operators and non-separated boundary conditions is studied in the present paper. As explained in the concluding section, the opposite combination of Caputo and Hilfer fractional derivative operators requires zero initial conditions. By using Banach's fixed point theorem, the uniqueness of the solution is established, while by applying the Leray–Schauder alternative, the existence of solution is obtained. Numerical examples are constructed illustrating the main results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The management of time is essential in most AI-related applications. In addition, we know that temporal information is often not precise. In fact, in most cases, it is necessary to deal with imprecision and/or uncertainty. On the other hand, there is the need to handle the implicit common-sense information present in many temporal statements. In this paper, we present FTCProlog, a logic programming language capable of handling fuzzy temporal constraints soundly and efficiently. The main difference of FTCProlog with respect to its predecessor, PROLogic, is its ability to associate a certainty index with deductions obtained through SLD-resolution. This resolution is based on a proposal within the theoretical logical framework FTCLogic. This model integrates a first-order logic based on possibilistic logic with the Fuzzy Temporal Constraint Networks (FTCNs) that allow efficient time management. The calculation of the certainty index can be useful in applications where one wants to verify the extent to which the times elapsed between certain events follow a given temporal pattern. In this paper, we demonstrate that the calculation of this index respects the properties of the theoretical model regarding its semantics. FTCProlog is implemented in Haskell. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When information is incomplete or uncertain, Fermatean hesitant fuzzy sets (FHFSs) can provide more information to help decision-makers deal with more complex problems. Typically, determining attribute weights assumes that each attribute has a fixed influence. Introducing probability information can enable one to consider the stochastic nature of evaluation data and better quantify the importance of the attributes. To aggregate data by considering the location and importance degrees of each attribute, this paper develops a Fermatean hesitant fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making (MADM) method with probabilistic information and an ordered weighted averaging (OWA) method. The OWA method combines the concepts of weights and sorting to sort and weigh average property values based on those weights. Therefore, this novel approach assigns weights based on the decision-maker's preferences and introduces probabilities to assess attribute importance under specific circumstances, thereby broadening the scope of information expression. Then, this paper presents four probabilistic aggregation operators under the Fermatean hesitant fuzzy environment, including the Fermatean hesitant fuzzy probabilistic ordered weighted averaging/geometric (FHFPOWA/FHFPOWG) operators and the generalized Fermatean hesitant fuzzy probabilistic ordered weighted averaging/geometric (GFHFPOWA/GFHFPOWG) operators. These new operators are designed to quantify the importance of attributes and characterize the attitudes of decision-makers using a probabilistic and weighted vector. Then, a MADM method based on these proposed operators is developed. Finally, an illustrative example of selecting the best new retail enterprise demonstrates the effectiveness and practicality of the method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Helicoidal surfaces of constant mean curvature were fully described by do Carmo and Dajczer. However, the obtained parameterizations are given in terms of somewhat complicated integrals, and as a consequence, not many examples of such surfaces are visualized. In this paper, by using these methods in some particular cases, we provide several interesting visualizations involving these surfaces, mostly as an isometric deformation of a rotational surface. We also give interpretations of some older results involving helicoidal surfaces, motivated by the work carried out by Malkowsky and Veličković. All of the graphics in this paper were created in Wolfram Mathematica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the spectral properties of a class of degenerate third-order partial differential operators with variable coefficients presented in a rectangle. Conditions are found to ensure the existence and compactness of the inverse operator. A theorem on estimates of approximation numbers is proven. Here, we note that finding estimates of approximation numbers, as well as extremal subspaces, for a set of solutions to the equation is a task that is certainly important from both a theoretical and a practical point of view. The paper also obtained an upper bound for the eigenvalues. Note that, in this paper, estimates of eigenvalues and approximation numbers for the degenerate third-order partial differential operators are obtained for the first time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monogenity is a classical area of algebraic number theory that continues to be actively researched. This paper collects the results obtained over the past few years in this area. Several of the listed results were presented at a series of online conferences titled "Monogenity and Power Integral Bases". We also give a collection of the most important methods used in several of these papers. A list of open problems for further research is also given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the modeling of automatic pricing and replenishment strategies for perishable products with time-varying deterioration rates based on an improved SVR-LSTM-ARIMA hybrid model. This research aims to support supermarkets in planning future strategies, optimizing category structure, reducing loss rates, and improving profit margins and service quality. Specifically, the paper selects perishable vegetables as the research category and calculates the cost-plus ratio for each vegetable category. Correlation analysis is conducted with total sales, and a non-parametric relationship curve is obtained using support vector regression for nonlinear fitting. The long and short memory recurrent neural network is then used to predict sales volume, and a pricing strategy is calculated based on the fitting curve. Additionally, the paper establishes a correlation between loss rate and shelf life, corrects the daily average sales volume index, and solves the problem of quantity and category of replenishment using a backpack problem approach. By considering multiple constraints, a quantitative category replenishment volume and pricing strategy is obtained. The mathematical model proposed in this paper addresses the replenishment and pricing challenges faced by supermarkets, aiming to improve revenue and reduce loss while meeting market requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Location-Routing Problem (LRP) becomes a more intricate subject when the limits of capacities of vehicles and warehouses are considered, which is an NP-hard problem. Moreover, as the number of vehicles increases, the solution to LRP is exacerbated because of the complexity of transportation and the combination of routes. To solve the problem, this paper proposed a Discrete Assembly Combination-Delivery (DACA) strategy based on, the Binary Equilibrium Optimizer (BiEO) algorithm, in addition, this paper also proposes a mixed-integer linear programming model for the problem of this paper. Our primary objective is to address both the route optimization problem and the assembly group sum problem concurrently. Our BiEO algorithm was designed as discrete in decision space to meet the requirements of the LRP represented by the DACA strategy catering to the multi-vehicle LRP scenario. The efficacy of the BiEO algorithm with the DACA strategy is demonstrated. through empirical analysis utilizing authentic data from Changchun City, China, Remarkably, the experiments reveal that the BiEO algorithm outperforms conventional methods, specifically GA, PSO, and DE algorithms, resulting in reduced costs. Notably, the results show the DACA strategy enables the simultaneous optimization of the LRP and the vehicle routing problem (VRP), ultimately leading to cost reduction. This innovative algorithm proficiently tackles both the assembly group sum and route optimization problems intrinsic to multi-level LRP instances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calculus of Variations In the paper I On a Non-Newtonian Calculus of Variations i , Delfim F. M. Torres presents, for the first time in the literature, a non-Newtonian calculus of variations that involves the minimization of a function defined by a non-Newtonian integral with a Lagrangian depending on the non-Newtonian derivative. This publication is an editorial for the Special Issue of Axioms "Calculus of Variations, Optimal Control and Mathematical Biology: A Themed Issue Dedicated to Professor Delfim F. M. Torres on the Occasion of His 50th birthday". This Special Issue is dedicated to Professor Delfim F. M. Torres on the occasion of his 50th birthday, as recognition of his significant contributions to Mathematics, in particular in the calculus of variations, optimal control, and mathematical biology. [Extracted from the article]

Typhoons often cause huge losses, so it is significant to accurately predict typhoon tracks. Nowadays, researchers predict typhoon tracks with the single step, while the correlation of adjacent moments data is small in long-term prediction, due to the large step of time. Moreover, recursive multi-step prediction results in the accumulated error. Therefore, this paper proposes to fuse reanalysis images at the similarly historical moment and predicted images through Laplacian Pyramid and Discrete Wavelet Transform to reduce the accumulated error. That moment is determined according to the difference in the moving angle at predicted and historical moments, the color histogram similarity between predicted images and reanalysis images at historical moments and so on. Moreover, reanalysis images are weighted cascaded and input to ConvLSTM on the basis of the correlation between reanalysis data and the moving angle and distance of the typhoon. And, the Spatial Attention and weighted calculation of memory cells are added to improve the performance of ConvLSTM. This paper predicted typhoon tracks in 12 h, 18 h, 24 h and 48 h with recursive multi-step prediction. Their MAEs were 102.14 km, 168.17 km, 243.73 km and 574.62 km, respectively, which were reduced by 1.65 km, 5.93 km, 4.6 km and 13.09 km, respectively, compared with the predicted results of the improved ConvLSTM in this paper, which proved the validity of the model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simulating surface conditions by solving the wave equation of a sucker-rod string is the theoretical basis of a sucker-rod pumping system. To overcome the shortcomings of the conventional finite difference method and analytical solution, this work describes a novel hybrid method that combines the analytical solution with the finite difference method. In this method, an analytical solution of the tapered rod wave equation with a recursive matrix form based on the Fourier series is proposed, a unified pumping condition model is established, a modified finite difference method is given, a hybrid strategy is established, and a convergence calculation method is proposed. Based on two different types of oil wells, the analytical solutions are verified by comparing different methods. The hybrid method is verified by using the finite difference method simulated data and measured oil data. The pumping speed sensitivity and convergence of the hybrid method are studied. The results show that the proposed analytical solution has high accuracy, with a maximum relative error relative to that of the classical finite difference method of 0.062%. The proposed hybrid method has a high simulation accuracy, with a maximum relative area error relative to that of the finite difference method of 0.09% and a maximum relative area error relative to measured data of 1.89%. Even at higher pumping speeds, the hybrid method still has accuracy. The hybrid method in this paper is convergent. The introduction of the finite difference method allows the hybrid method to more easily converge. The novelty of this work is that it combines the advantages of the finite difference method and the analytical solution, and it provides a convergence calculation method to provide guidance for its application. The hybrid method presented in this paper provides an alternative scheme for predicting the behavior of sucker-rod pumping systems and a new approach for solving wave equations with complex boundary conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates the inhomogeneous version of the pantograph equation. The current model includes the exponential function as the inhomogeneous part of the pantograph equation. The Maclaurin series expansion (MSE) is a well-known standard method for solving initial value problems; it may be easier than any other approaches. Moreover, the MSE can be used in a straightforward manner in contrast to the other analytical methods. Thus, the MSE is extended in this paper to treat the inhomogeneous pantograph equation. The solution is obtained in a closed series form with an explicit formula for the series coefficients and the convergence of the series is proved. Also, the analytic solutions of some models in the literature are recovered as special cases of the present work. The accuracy of the results is examined through several comparisons with the available exact solutions of some classes in the relevant literature. Finally, the residuals are calculated and then used to validate the accuracy of the present approximations for some classes which have no exact solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the complete quadrangle. We started this investigation in a few of our previous papers. In those papers and here, the rectangular coordinates are used to enable us to prove the properties of the rich geometry of a quadrangle using the same method. Now, we are focused on the isoptic point of the complete quadrangle A B C D , which is the inverse point to A ′ , B ′ , C ′ , and D ′ with respect to circumscribed circles of the triangles B C D , A C D , A B D , and A B C , respectively, where A ′ , B ′ , C ′ , and D ′ are isogonal points to A , B , C , and D with respect to these triangles. In studying the properties of the quadrangle regarding its isoptic point, some new results are obtained as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate a class of bilevel programming problems (BLPP) in the framework of Euclidean space. We derive relationships among the solutions of approximate Minty-type variational inequalities (AMTVI), approximate Stampacchia-type variational inequalities (ASTVI), and local ϵ -quasi solutions of the BLPP, under generalized approximate convexity assumptions, via limiting subdifferentials. Moreover, by employing the generalized Knaster–Kuratowski–Mazurkiewicz (KKM)-Fan's lemma, we derive some existence results for the solutions of AMTVI and ASTVI. We have furnished suitable, non-trivial, illustrative examples to demonstrate the importance of the established results. To the best of our knowledge, there is no research paper available in the literature that explores relationships between the approximate variational inequalities and BLPP under the assumptions of generalized approximate convexity by employing the powerful tool of limiting subdifferentials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gevrey classes are the most common choice when considering the regularities of smooth functions that are not analytic. However, in various situations, it is important to consider smoothness properties that go beyond Gevrey regularity, for example, when initial value problems are ill-posed in Gevrey settings. In this paper, we consider a convenient framework for studying smooth functions that possess weaker regularity than any Gevrey function. Since the available literature on this topic is scattered, our aim is to provide an overview of extended Gevrey regularity, highlighting its most important features. Additionally, we consider related dual spaces of ultra distributions and review some results on micro-local analysis in the context of extended Gevrey regularity. We conclude the paper with a few selected applications that may motivate further study of the topic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents an overview of cosine and sine Apostol-type Frobenius–Euler–Fibonacci polynomials, as well as several identities that are associated with these polynomials. By applying a partial derivative operator to the generating functions, the authors obtain derivative formulae and finite combinatorial sums involving these polynomials and numbers. Additionally, the paper establishes connections between cosine and sine Apostol-type Frobenius–Euler–Fibonacci polynomials of order α and several other polynomial sequences, such as the Apostol-type Bernoulli–Fibonacci polynomials, the Apostol-type Euler–Fibonacci polynomials, the Apostol-type Genocchi–Fibonacci polynomials, and the Stirling–Fibonacci numbers of the second kind. The authors also provide computational formulae and graphical representations of these polynomials using the Mathematica program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a two-country model (North and South) that describes the phenomenon of offshoring and reshoring. The model is a continuous time-controlled Markov chain with binary states. The main trade-off involves production costs and transaction costs between one country and another. In the first part of this paper, we identify the key parameters of the model: the difference in unit production costs between the two countries considered, the marginal cost of transitioning between countries, and the incentive paid by the North country to all companies that have not relocated at the end of the planning interval. The final goal of our paper is to understand how national tax incentives can influence this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we focus on the asymptotic stability of the trajectories governed by the differential inequalities with mixed delays using the fixed-point theorem. It is interesting that the Halanay inequality is a special case of the differential inequality studied in this paper. Our results generalize and improve the existing results on Halanay inequality. Finally, three numerical examples are utilized to illustrate the effectiveness of the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new methodology for solving the fuzzy multiobjective optimization problems is proposed in this paper by considering the fusion of cooperative game theory and genetic algorithm. The original fuzzy multiobjective optimization problem needs to be transformed into a scalar optimization problem, which is a conventional optimization problem. Usually, the assignments of suitable coefficients to the corresponding scalar optimization problem are subjectively determined by the decision makers. However, these assignments may cause some biases by their subjectivity. Therefore, this paper proposes a mechanical procedure to avoid this subjective biases. We are going to formulate a cooperative game using the α -level functions of the multiple fuzzy objective functions. Under this setting, the suitable coefficients can be determined mechanically by involving the core values of the cooperative game, which is formulated using the multiple fuzzy objective functions. We shall prove that the optimal solutions of the transformed scalar optimization problem are indeed the nondominated solutions of fuzzy multiobjective optimization problem. Since the core-nondominated solutions will depend on the coefficients that are determined by the core values of cooperative game, there will be a lot of core-nondominated solutions that will also depend on the corresponding coefficients. In order to obtain the best core-nondominated solution, we shall invoke the genetic algorithms by evolving the coefficients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper concerns a nonlinear second-order system of coupled PDEs, having the principal part in divergence form and subject to in-homogeneous dynamic boundary conditions, for both θ (t , x) and φ (t , x) . Two main topics are addressed here, as follows. First, under a certain hypothesis on the input data, f 1 , f 2 , w 1 , w 2 , α , ξ , θ 0 , α 0 , φ 0 , and ξ 0 , we prove the well-posedness of a solution θ , α , φ , ξ , which is θ (t , x) , α (t , x) ∈ W p 1 , 2 (Q) × W p 1 , 2 (Σ) , φ (t , x) , ξ (t , x) ∈ W ν 1 , 2 (Q) × W p 1 , 2 (Σ) , ν = min { q , μ } . According to the new formulation of the problem, we extend the previous results, allowing the new mathematical model to be even more complete to describe the diversity of physical phenomena to which it can be applied: interface problems, image analysis, epidemics, etc. The main goal of the present paper is to develop an iterative scheme of fractional-step type in order to approximate the unique solution to the nonlinear second-order system. The convergence result is established for the new numerical method, and on the basis of this approach, a conceptual algorithm, alg-frac_sec-ord_u+varphi_dbc, is elaborated. The benefit brought by such a method consists of simplifying the computations so that the time required to approximate the solutions decreases significantly. Some conclusions are given as well as new research topics for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many papers have been devoted to applying fuzzy sets to algebraic structures. In this paper, based on ideals, we investigate residuated lattices from fuzzy set theory, lattice theory, and coding theory points of view, and some applications of fuzzy sets in residuated lattices are presented. Since ideals are important concepts in the theory of algebraic structures used for formal fuzzy logic, first, we investigate the lattice of fuzzy ideals in residuated lattices and study some connections between fuzzy sets associated to ideals and Hadamard codes. Finally, we present applications of fuzzy sets in coding theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integral equations, which are defined as "the equation containing an unknown function under the integral sign", have many applications of real-world problems. The second type of Fredholm integral equations is generally used in radiation transfer theory, kinetic theory of gases, and neutron transfer theory. A special case of these equations, known as the quadratic Chandrasekhar integral equation, given by x (s) = 1 + λ x (s) ∫ 0 1 s t + s x (t) d t , can be very often encountered in many applications, where x is the function to be determined, λ is a parameter, and t , s ∈ [ 0 , 1 ] . In this paper, using a fixed-point theorem, the existence conditions for the solution of Fredholm integral equations of the form χ (l) = ϱ (l) + χ (l) ∫ p q k (l , z) (V χ) (z) d z are investigated in the space C ω p , q , where χ is the unknown function to be determined, V is a given operator, and ϱ , k are two given functions. Moreover, certain important applications demonstrating the applicability of the existence theorem presented in this paper are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the intensification of global competition and the increasing awareness of reducing energy consumption, sustainable supplier selection is crucial for establishing a solid cooperative relationship in sustainable supply chain management. This paper proposes a new framework that considers both the effective expression of uncertain information and the objective weights of decision makers to select sustainable suppliers. We first apply an interval-valued intuitionistic fuzzy set to express the information of decision makers. Moreover, this paper applies a plant growth simulation algorithm to aggregate decision makers' information. Next, we adopt the similarity measure method to derive the target weight of each decision maker. Then, we apply the score function to rank the candidate sustainable suppliers. Finally, two practical cases are presented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed framework. The outcomes and comparative discussion show that the developed framework is efficient for sustainable supplier selection. Therefore, the proposed framework can be used to establish a solid cooperative relationship in the process of sustainable supply chain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the explainable artificial intelligence (XAI) field, an algorithm or a tool can help people understand how a model makes a decision. And this can help to select important features to reduce computational costs to realize high-performance computing. But existing methods are usually used to visualize important features or highlight active neurons, and few of them show the importance of relationships between features. In recent years, some methods based on a white-box approach have taken relationships between features into account, but most of them can only work on some specific models. Although methods based on a black-box approach can solve the above problems, most of them can only be applied to tabular data or text data instead of image data. To solve these problems, we propose a local interpretable model-agnostic explanation approach based on feature relationships. This approach combines the relationships between features into the interpretation process and then visualizes the interpretation results. Finally, this paper conducts a lot of experiments to evaluate the correctness of relationships between features and evaluates this XAI method in terms of accuracy, fidelity, and consistency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The multi-criteria group decision-making approach, rooted in fuzzy mathematics theory, is employed to address the globally significant issue of green construction in this paper. The construction industry is one of the most prominent contributors to carbon emissions, which is evident throughout the entire supply chain. Meanwhile, the renovation of old residential communities is a large-scale urban construction project in China. In striving to advance the sustainable development of the construction industry and meet decarbonization goals, the attention has shifted towards green construction in the renovation of old residential communities. However, substantial gaps persist in both technical innovation and practical application of green construction. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the popularization and implementation of green construction practices in the renovation of old residential communities. To achieve this, a comprehensive decision-making approach is sought, and these factors are thoroughly investigated. In this paper, we propose a hybrid decision-making framework that incorporates grounded theory, the fuzzy decision-making and trial evaluation laboratory (DEMATEL) method, and the analytic network process (ANP) method. Leveraging triangular fuzzy numbers and other fuzzy mathematical theories, this approach is designed to assess the factors that influence the popularization and implementation of green construction practices, uncovering their interrelationships and mechanisms. The results indicate the comprehensive nature of advancing green construction practices, encompassing the entire supply chain involved in the renovation of old residential communities. Among these factors, social participation and market environment emerge as the most influential. Building upon these conclusions, this paper offers specific recommendations. Ultimately, this study equips the construction industry with both a theoretical foundation and a methodological framework to popularize and implement green construction practices effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article is an editorial introducing a special issue of the scientific journal Axioms titled "Mathematical Models and Simulations." The issue contains 13 papers that cover various mathematical models and simulations in fields such as physics, biology, finance, and engineering. The papers explore different types of mathematical models, including deterministic and stochastic models, and discuss their applications and numerical simulations. The authors provide a brief overview of each paper, highlighting their main findings and methodologies. The article aims to provide library patrons with a concise summary of the special issue, allowing them to decide if they want to explore the individual papers further. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of this paper is to propose an improved hesitation fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making method to realize green supply chain member selection under green innovation vision. The method uses hesitation fuzzy sets to express decision information of decision makers, takes green innovation capability as the evaluation perspective, and selects green innovation input, synergy of subjects in green supply chain, green innovation output capability, institutional innovation capability of enterprises in green supply chain, and green innovation sustainability as the indexes to evaluate the green innovation capability of enterprises. The multi-attribute decision method proposed in this paper takes into account the shortcomings of the original hesitant fuzzy multi-attribute decision method considering attribute weight optimization in the determination of attribute weights and scheme ranking, then proposes a three-point estimation method for scheme ranking and optimizes the attribute weights by quantifying the balance coefficients of the original decision method. Finally, an example is used to verify the rationality and effectiveness of the proposed method, and a comparison with the original method is made to highlight the advantages of this paper's method. This paper provides a certain theoretical basis for the selection of members in green supply chains, which helps the selection of members in green supply chains and provides some insight for similar hesitant fuzzy multi-attribute decision-making problems in other fields. In future research, the method proposed in this paper can be considered to combine with probabilistic hesitant fuzzy sets and some other fuzzy sets for method extensions to solve multi-attribute decision-making problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A previously introduced operator defined by applying the Riemann-Liouville fractional integral to the convex combination of well-known Ruscheweyh and Salagean differential operators is used for defining a new fuzzy subclass. The authors suggest that the operator introduced here can be utilized to define other classes of analytic functions or to generalize other types of differential operators. The new operator defined in this paper can be used to introduce other specific subclasses of analytic functions, and quantum calculus can be also investigated in future studies. The fractional differential operator and the Mittag-Leffler functions are combined to formulate and arrange a new operator of fractional calculus. [Extracted from the article]

Kurepa's hypothesis for the left factorial has been an unsolved problem for more than 50 years. In this paper, we have proposed new equivalents for Kurepa's hypothesis for the left factorial. The connection between the left factorial and the continued fractions is given. The new equivalent based on the properties of the integer part of real numbers is proven. Moreover, a new equivalent based on the properties of two well-known sequences is given. A new representation of the left factorial is listed. Since derangement numbers are closely related to Kurepa's hypothesis, we made some notes about the derangement numbers and defined a new sequence of natural numbers based on the derangement numbers. In this paper, we indicate a possible direction for further research through solving quadratic equations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of corpus assessment approaches to determine and rank keywords for corpus data is critical due to the issues of information retrieval (IR) in Natural Language Processing (NLP), such as when encountering COVID-19, as it can determine whether people can rapidly obtain knowledge of the disease. The algorithms used for corpus assessment have to consider multiple parameters and integrate individuals' subjective evaluation information simultaneously to meet real-world needs. However, traditional keyword-list-generating approaches are based on only one parameter (i.e., the keyness value) to determine and rank keywords, which is insufficient. To improve the evaluation benefit of the traditional keyword-list-generating approach, this paper proposed an extended analytic hierarchy process (AHP)-based corpus assessment approach to, firstly, refine the corpus data and then use the AHP method to compute the relative weights of three parameters (keyness, frequency, and range). To verify the proposed approach, this paper adopted 53 COVID-19-related research environmental science research articles from the Web of Science (WOS) as an empirical example. After comparing with the traditional keyword-list-generating approach and the equal weights (EW) method, the significant contributions are: (1) using the machine-based technique to remove function and meaningless words for optimizing the corpus data; (2) being able to consider multiple parameters simultaneously; and (3) being able to integrate the experts' evaluation results to determine the relative weights of the parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting small targets and handling target occlusion and overlap are critical challenges in weld defect detection. In this paper, we propose the S-YOLO model, a novel weld defect detection method based on the YOLOv8-nano model and several mathematical techniques, specifically tailored to address these issues. Our approach includes several key contributions. Firstly, we introduce omni-dimensional dynamic convolution, which is sensitive to small targets, for improved feature extraction. Secondly, the NAM attention mechanism enhances feature representation in the region of interest. NAM computes the channel-wise and spatial-wise attention weights by matrix multiplications and element-wise operations, and then applies them to the feature maps. Additionally, we replace the SPPF module with a context augmentation module to improve feature map resolution and quality. To minimize information loss, we utilize Carafe upsampling instead of the conventional upsampling operations. Furthermore, we use a loss function that combines IoU, binary cross-entropy, and focal loss to improve bounding box regression and object classification. We use stochastic gradient descent (SGD) with momentum and weight decay to update the parameters of our model. Through rigorous experimental validation, our S-YOLO model demonstrates outstanding accuracy and efficiency in weld defect detection. It effectively tackles the challenges of small target detection, target occlusion, and target overlap. Notably, the proposed model achieves an impressive 8.9% improvement in mean Average Precision (mAP) compared to the native model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reflects the results of research analyzing models of multi-attribute decision-making based on fuzzy preference relations. Questions of constructing the corresponding multi-attribute models to deal with quantitative information concomitantly with qualitative information based on experts' knowledge are considered. Human preferences may be represented within the fuzzy preference relations and by applying diverse other preference formats. Considering this, so-called transformation functions reduce any preference format to fuzzy preference relations. This paper's results can be applied independently or as part of a general approach to solving a wide class of problems with fuzzy coefficients, as well as within the framework of a general scheme of multi-criteria decision-making under conditions of uncertainty. The considered techniques for fuzzy preference modeling are directed at assessing, comparing, choosing, prioritizing, and/or ordering alternatives. These techniques have served to develop a computing system for multi-attribute decision-making. It has been implemented in the C# programming language, utilizing the ".NET" framework. The computing system allows one to represent decision-makers' preferences in one of five preference formats. These formats and quantitative estimates are reduced to nonreciprocal fuzzy preference relations, providing homogeneous preference information for decision procedures. This paper's results have a general character and were applied to analyze power engineering problems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduces the concept of equivalence operators based on overlap and grouping functions where the associativity property is not strongly required. Overlap functions and grouping functions are weaker than positive and continuous t-norms and t-conorms, respectively. Therefore, these equivalence operators do not necessarily satisfy certain properties, such as associativity and the neutrality principle. In this paper, two models of fuzzy equivalence operators are obtained by the composition of overlap functions, grouping functions and fuzzy negations. Their main properties are also studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper is a continuation and completion of the paper Bruno, A.D.; Azimov, A.A. Parametric Expansions of an Algebraic Variety Near Its Singularities. Axioms 2023, 5, 469, where we calculated parametric expansions of the three-dimensional algebraic manifold Ω , which appeared in theoretical physics, near its 3 singular points and near its one line of singular points. For that we used algorithms of Nonlinear Analysis: extraction of truncated polynomials, using the Newton polyhedron, their power transformations and Formal Generalized Implicit Function Theorem. Here we calculate parametric expansions of the manifold Ω near its one more singular point, near two curves of singular points and near infinity. Here we use 3 new things: (1) computation in algebraic extension of the field of rational numbers, (2) expansions near a curve of singular points and (3) calculation of branches near infinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we apply two different methods, namely, the G ′ G -expansion method and the G ′ G 2 -expansion method to investigate the nonlinear time fractional Harry Dym equation in the Caputo sense and the symmetric regularized long wave equation in the conformable sense. The mentioned nonlinear partial differential equations (NPDEs) arise in diverse physical applications such as ion sound waves in plasma and waves on shallow water surfaces. There exist multiple wave solutions to many NPDEs and researchers are interested in analytical approaches to obtain these multiple wave solutions. The multi-exp-function method (MEFM) formulates a solution algorithm for calculating multiple wave solutions to NPDEs and at the end of paper, we apply the MEFM for calculating multiple wave solutions to the (2 + 1)-dimensional equation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we find conditions under which distribution functions of randomly stopped minimum, maximum, minimum of sums and maximum of sums belong to the class of generalized subexponential distributions. The results presented in this article complement the closure properties of randomly stopped sums considered in the authors' previous work. In this work, as in the previous one, the primary random variables are supposed to be independent and real-valued, but not necessarily identically distributed. The counting random variable describing the stopping moment of random structures is supposed to be nonnegative, integer-valued and not degenerate at zero. In addition, it is supposed that counting random variable and the sequence of the primary random variables are independent. At the end of the paper, it is demonstrated how randomly stopped structures can be applied to the construction of new generalized subexponential distributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A recent paper introduced the interpolating family (IF) of distributions, and they also derived various mathematical properties of the family. Some of the most important properties discussed were the integer order moments of the IF distributions. The moments were expressed as an integral (which were not evaluated) or as finite sums of the beta function. In this paper, more general expressions for moments of any integer order or any real order are derived. Apart from being more general, our expressions converge for a wider range of parameter values. The expressions for entropies are also derived, the maximum likelihood estimation is considered and the finite sample performance of maximum likelihood estimates is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Rayleigh–Stokes equation with a fractional derivative is widely used in many fields. In this paper, we consider the inverse initial value problem of the Rayleigh–Stokes equation. Since the problem is ill-posed, we adopt the Tikhonov regularization method to solve this problem. In addition, this paper not only analyzes the ill-posedness of the problem but also gives the conditional stability estimate. Finally, the convergence estimates are proved under two regularization parameter selection rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]