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The requirement from IMO regarding an environment-friendly approach has prompted ship owners and shipbuilders to make sure their vessels complying the regulations. Green shipyards, incorporating best practices and technology, can reduce th polution generated during vessel construction. This paper investigates the current trends of green shipbuilding and proposes potential practices of green shipyard. A systematic review was conducted using publication databases such as Scopus, Science Direct, and Taylor & Francis from 2010 to 2022. It can be concluded that most of the studies have been discussing the Industry 4.0 (I4.0) technologies to be implemented in the shipyard where 16 potential practices and technology-based in the green shipyard were figured out. This study also found that automation is the most discussed topic in I4.0 technologies followed by an alternative fuel (LNG/LPG fuelled engine) and 3D printing and design. Furthermore, the study on green shipbuilding attracted the attention of China and Spain as these countries have published most papers. This study will help Malaysian shipbuilders and stakeholders to have a better view regarding the green shipyard concept and related practices and technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the Saudi KSACORS network GNSS stations were developed by Saudi Geodetic Commission for Survey (GCS) to maintain an accurate GNSS positioning solution within Saudi Arabia coverage area. This paper evaluates the performance of real-time KSACORS-based network-RTK (NRTK) GNSS positioning solution for Saudi coastal maritime navigation and investigates whether the achieved accuracy can meet the International Maritime Organization (IMO) standards. To examine the performance of the real-time KSACORS-based NRTK GNSS positioning solution accuracy, kinematic data from a dual frequency GNSS data that collected onboard a vessel was processed with the KSACORS-based NRTK GNSS positioning techniques and compared with the post-processed PPK GNSS positioning solution. The root-mean-squares error (RMS) of the 2D horizontal position for the real-time KSACORS-based NRTK GNSS solution was estimated and was investigated whether RMS can fulfill the IMO standards for Saudi coastal maritime navigation. It is shown that the real-time KSACORS-based NRTK GNSS positioning solution fulfills IMO requirements at 95% confidence level for the three major phases identified as Ocean/Coastal/Port approach/Inland waterway, in port navigation and automatic docking with an accuracy requirement ranges from 10 to 0.1 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Past analysis of marine accident investigations has revealed that inadequate risk assessment conducted on board ships lead to maritime accidents. The International Management Code for the Safe Operation of Ships and for Pollution Prevention (ISM Code) provided an international standard for the safe operation of ships with risk assessment as one of the principal precepts of the Code. However, effective implementation of the process of risk management cannot be achieved without the active involvement of competent seafarers on board ships. This paper reviewed a compilation of empirical research publications regarding ship safety to infer the possible reasons for the failure of risk assessment by focusing on areas (training and competence, procedural approach, process verification, culture and organisation) that affect seafarer practices. The findings highlighted the challenges faced by the maritime industry that warrant attention at the organisational level. The challenges were classified as: Lack of adequate training and competency in non-technical skills; Failure of a procedural approach to risk management; Risk perceptions, attitudes, and cultural/organisational factors; and Process verification: lack of ownership and identification of safety objectives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The international shipping industry has experienced a marked downturn as a result of the global economic recession with surplus shipping capacity, crews being paid off, lower profits, and ship-owners seeking to cut costs. This paper addresses the maritime security implications of these developments. These include larger numbers of ships laid up in anchorages possibly prone to pirate attack, and the risk that ships might be less well maintained and operated. However, the most serious impacts are on seafarers who are experiencing reduced wages and conditions of service. The International Maritime Organization (IMO), industry associations and ship-owners are challenged to address these issues before safety and security are seriously affected with increased risks of accidents at sea and marine pollution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Section 276 of the Norwegian Maritime Code (here in after referred to as NMC) exempts the sea carrier from the liability for damages arising due to the navigational errors. However, there are scenarios where a sea carrier is devoid of invoking this exemption. This paper discusses the concept of sea carriers’ exoneration of liability caused due to nautical faults under international maritime conventions, and the position adopted under NMC( § 276). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Piracy is considered a critical maritime security threat in Southeast Asia. Whilst piracy has always been a perennial problem in the region, this threat has received increasing attention over the past few years. Reports published by the International Maritime Organization as well as the International Maritime Bureau show an alarming increase in acts of piracy on Southeast Asian waters over the past decade. In ancient times, the main drivers of piracy were raiding for plunder and capture of slaves; however, in modern times, developments in politics, economics and even military technology have drastically altered the universal crime of piracy. There are a variety of motives behind modern day piracy including economic gains from receiving ransoms from governments or shipping companies, political and even terrorist reasons. However, it cannot be denied that piratical attacks persist and continue. Efforts are being taken by States at the international as well as regional level to combat piracy. At the international level, piracy is addressed in several legal frameworks. The primary legal framework is contained in the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, which allows Member States to address piracy in their national legislation. At the regional level, measures taken in order to fight piracy include the adoption of theASEAN Declaration on the Prevention and Control of Transnational Crime, which includes piracy as a transnational crime. This paper will examine the adequacy of legal frameworks at both the international and regional levels in order to address the current legal measures for combating piracy. Furthermore, it will discuss current challenges in the implementation of anti-piracy measures at the international and regional levels. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]