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Background and Aims: We aimed to determine changes in oxidative stress, lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A 2 (Lp-PLA 2 ) activity and arterial stiffness in subjects with persistent prehypertensive symptoms during a 3.5-year follow-up period., Methods: We divided 254 subjects with prehypertension according to their blood pressure (BP) status at 3.5 years of follow-up into three groups: reversed normotensive, persistent prehypertensive and developed hypertensive group. BP, serum lipid profile, oxidized LDL (ox-LDL), Lp-PLA 2 activity and brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV) were measured at baseline and the 3.5-year follow-up., Results: The reversed normotensive group showed a significant reduction in average BP (14.7/10.1 mmHg), whereas the developed hypertensive group showed a significant increase in average BP (15.2/11.5 mmHg). The persistent prehypertensive group showed increases in serum lipid profiles, circulating levels of Lp-PLA 2 activity, ox-LDL and arterial stiffness as measured by ba-PWV at 3.5 years. The persistent prehypertensive and developed hypertensive groups showed greater increases in ox-LDL than the reversed normotensive group. The developed hypertensive group showed greater increases in Lp-PLA 2 , 8-epi-PGF 2α , and ba-PWV than those observed in the reversed normotensive and persistent prehypertensive groups. In all subjects, changes (Δ) in systolic blood pressure (SBP) positively correlated with Δ Lp-PLA 2 , Δ ox-LDL, Δ urinary 8-epi-PGF 2α and Δ ba-PWV., Conclusions: This study indicates that in persistent prehypertension, increased ox-LDL hydrolysis by Lp-PLA 2 enhances arterial stiffness without an age-related increase in BP., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Objective: To explore the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in prehypertensive subjects and evaluate whether high blood pressure (BP) is associated with insulin resistance (IR) and β-cell dysfunction., Methods: A total of 2949 people aged 20-94 years old were selected in Fujian province of China. We assessed CVD risk using Minnesota code-indicated major abnormal electrocardiography (MA-ECG) and presence of microalbuminuria in all population. IR/sensitivity and β-cell function indices were derived from an oral glucose tolerance test., Results: Prehypertensives with systolic/diastolic BP (SBP/DBP) 130-139/85-89 mm Hg had significant higher risk of MA-ECG and presence of microalbuminuria compared with normotensives (odds ratio [OR]: 1.483, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.016-2.165 and OR: 1.613, 95% CI: 1.142-2.277, respectively). In non-diabetic subjects, we found that prehypertensives and hypertensives had significant higher HOMA-IR and lower Matsuda's insulin sensitivity index compared with normotensives. There was a slightly decreased trend in β-cell function assessed by disposition index (DIo) across the BP categories, when adjusted with age and BMI. The slight decline of DIo remained between hypertension and normotension, after additional adjustments were made, but the reduction of DIo lost statistic significance between prehypertension and normotension., Conclusions: Prehypertensives with SBP/DBP 130-139/85-89 mm Hg have higher CVD risk than normotensives. Prehypertension and hypertension are both in IR condition, however, what is more important is that early β-cell dysfunction may exists in hypertension to some extent, while for prehypertension the compensation of β-cell function may be appropriate., (Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)