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Based on an analysis of the observational data for solar cycles 12-23 (Royal Greenwich Observatory-USAF/NOAA Sunspot Data), we have studied various parameters of the 'Maunder butterflies.' Based on the observational data for cycles 16-23, we have found that BT/ Land S depend linearly on each other, where B is the mean magnetic field of the cycle, T is the cycle duration, S is the cycle strength, and L is the mean sunspot latitude in the cycle (the arithmetic mean of the absolute values of the mean latitudes in the north and south). The connection of the observed quantities with the α- ω-dynamo theory is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The behavior of dynamo waves in a two-layer medium is investigated in terms of the Parker dynamo model. The solar cycle duration is shown to depend on the ratio of turbulent diffusivities in the layers. Meridional circulation has been incorporated into the Parker system. An increase in the intensity of meridional flows is shown to decelerate the propagation of dynamo waves. The minimum of solar magnetic activity can occur not only in the case of intense meridional circulation in both layers but also when a difference in physical characteristics arises between the layers and the meridional flows are moderate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]