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The article presents abstracts on several topics of economics including growth and structural changes in employment in transition China, the contribution of population health and demographic change to economic growth in China and India and Indonesia's economic performance in comparative perspective and a new policy framework for 2049.

The article presents abstracts on economic condition in Asian countries which include economic growth in China, capital formation and capital stock in Indonesia and economic history of the Philippines.

The article presents abstracts related the Asian economy including "Aggregate shocks decomposition for eight East Asian countries," by Grace Lee, "Indonesian economic development: political economy of an effective state," by Richard Grabowski, and "Economic reforms and gender inequality in urban China," by Haoming Liu.

Over the past three decades, Shanghai and Hong Kong, leading cities in China's Yangzi River Delta and Pearl River Delta, respectively, have seen rapid economic development and institutional transformation. Shanghai has experienced a major breakthrough in its export-driven economy and in industrial upgrading since the opening of the Pudong area in the 1990s. Shanghai has also ramped up its efforts to catch up with Hong Kong and has already become one of the world's foremost manufacturing and export hubs. At the same time, and particularly following the 1997 Asian economic crisis, Hong Kong has redoubled efforts to identify shortcomings in its economic architecture; and has explored plans to transcend its traditional role as a financial hub, to attract entrepreneurial hi-tech talent, and to overcome inequitable income growth. This paper explores the development trajectories of these two cities and how they depart from the pre-1978 development models. The paper also examines the extent to which the current trajectories are complementary or in competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2014, China proposed the Belt and Road policy, which has pushed China's outward foreign direct investment (OFDI) to over tens of billions of US dollars. However, existing studies have not reached a consensus about the decisive factors in China's OFDI. To verify whether China's OFDI activities are motivated by profits, this paper applies a measure of country-specific growth opportunities adopted by Bekaert et al. (2007) to measure the growth opportunities of the target countries for China's OFDI. A multinational panel data model, based on data from 51 countries from 2003 to 2012, is used to explore the relationship between host countries' growth opportunities and China's OFDI. Overall, the analysis finds that China's OFDI does not follow the host countries' growth opportunities but exhibits different features toward developed countries and developing countries. For developed countries, China's OFDI follows host countries' growth opportunities to some extent. In the case of developing countries, China's OFDI does not follow host countries' growth opportunities. When we consider factors such as a host country's financial development and political stability, improvement in these factors improves the attractiveness of the host country to China's OFDI. It is also found that the 2008 global financial crisis did not have a very significant impact on China's OFDI activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various reasons have been put forward to explain the massive accumulation of non-performing loans in China. This paper applies the financial-restraint model as the analytical framework and argues that failure to create sufficient economic rents is the chief reason underlying the current dismal performance of banks. While the formal financial system is less important than the informal system—especially for financing the private enterprises that are playing a crucial role in economic growth—not addressing the non-performing loan crisis in the formal financial system will likely invite an economic slow-down. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper applies different approaches to modelling sources of economic growth from time series and panel data sets for 10 Asian countries over the period 1970-2010. After being subjected to fragility tests, the cross-country estimates indicate that investment, together with policy variables and openness to trade, explains about 90 per cent of the estimated 3.2 per cent steady-state growth rate for the region. Regional growth policy points to expanding trade, supporting financial development, and maintaining sound investment environments. Although country-specific growth effects vary, the results imply that different estimation methods, combined with fragility tests, can help establish stronger links between growth theory and policy advice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The oil-rich Arab countries of the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) have rapidly expanded their economic relations with Asian countries recently, particularly China and India. The main reason behind this development is that the regions complement each other in several dimensions. China and India are the fastest-growing, oil-consuming nations in the world, while GCC countries have the largest proven deposits of oil and gas. The GCC is interested in China and India as reliable oil customers over the long-run and the latter look at the GCC as reliable suppliers of oil and gas. The two regions are also attracted to each other because both are enjoying strong economic growth and offer many investment opportunities to the other. It is expected that GCC economic relations with China and India will grow stronger in the coming decades and serve as a good example of South-South economic cooperation for other developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper addresses the effects of regional integration in Laos, with a focus on China. Laos has recorded impressive growth over the past decade but remains one of the poorest countries in Southeast Asia. The paper examines Laos' position within the region and traces changes in its situation, particularly its evolving relationship with China, by analysing its changing trade and investment relationships with China and the two other important neighbours, Thailand and Vietnam. The paper draws implications about what these changes will mean for Laos' development trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renminbi ( RMB) internationalisation has been a topic for lively discussion since China accelerated its promotion of the RMB's status as a leading international currency in 2009. China has undertaken some concrete steps to push forward RMB internationalisation such as the Pilot Scheme of Cross-Border Trade Settlement in the RMB, RMB Qualified Foreign Institutional Investor, Dim Sum bonds, and bilateral currency swap agreements. Where the RMB stands in the process of becoming an international currency is assessed by reviewing the progress China has made and analysing the challenges China faces in internationalising its currency. Based on this assessment, a roadmap for internationalising the RMB is drawn from two perspectives: the functions of the RMB as an international currency and the scope of RMB use in the global financial system. A possible roadmap for RMB internationalisation is to begin from RMB settlement in cross-border trade, followed by regionalisation of the RMB, and finally globalisation. With respect to achieving the functions of an international currency, the RMB should first become a settlement currency, then a denomination currency, and lastly, a reserve currency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite its role as a driver of global economic growth through the 1970s, in recent decades the rise of China has seen the international importance of Japan's economic performance recede from the public discourse. This is notwithstanding its continuing key role as economic partner to both industrial and developing countries and changes in its economic performance that would otherwise be a matter for global concern. In particular, the tendency for the Japanese economy and its external trade to stagnate not only has immediate consequences for global performance but also foreshadows a path to industrial transition for other key Asian economies. This paper reviews quantitative studies of Japan's performance. It identifies a paucity of results addressing global implications and suggests new research in this direction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

China and India were relatively unscathed by the global financial and economic crisis: after a brief downturn, stellar economic growth is back on track. New global and regional economic and political orders are also emerging in the post-crisis period with both nations playing a prominent role. There is heightened attention being given to the nature of their development paradigm and related matters such as governance. This paper begins with a brief introduction to the subject. Second, China and India's paradigms for development progress are outlined. Third, the key current and emerging risks and challenges facing these nations are discussed. Fourth, their respective fault lines are exposed. Fifth, some final thoughts are offered on the possible shape of the next development paradigm shift. I conclude by suggesting that the next paradigm shift in China and India will likely successfully tackle some of the unresolved developmental problems that these nations face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to investigate the relationship between China's exchange rate, foreign direct investment (FDI) inflows, and economic development. We applied the bound testing approach on aggregate level data from 1981 to 2013. The results showed that the Chinese economy benefitted from a lower exchange rate over this period, and that there was a direct link between FDI inflows and economic development on an aggregate level both in the long and short run. The results of the Granger causality test identified a long‐ and short‐run association among these variables. The GMM estimations with dummies for financial crises and RMB exchange rate policy fluctuations also confirmed the growth enhancing impact of the exchange rate and FDI inflows. To promote sustainable economic development in the future, China should focus on improving the levels of domestic investment and human capital, as well as supervising the level of openness and capital controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing Asia has benefited greatly from the rise of the People's Republic of China (PRC), primarily through the trade channel. The PRC and its neighbours have collectively formed a regional production network, and the PRC is becoming an increasingly important source of final demand. Two empirical techniques are used to examine the likely economic impact of growth deceleration in the PRC on other Asian economies: (1) a single-equation approach that captures the trade channel; and (2) a global vector autoregressive model that captures the effects beyond the trade channel. The results of both analyses confirm that deceleration in the PRC will have a non-negligible negative effect on other economies, especially on East and Southeast Asian economies. An out-of-sample analysis to tease out the effects of slower growth in the PRC from the recent growth performance of selected Southeast Asian economies suggests that the PRC effect is contributing to the growth dynamics of this region but is not always dominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the impacts of climate change on the global economic growth. The author, as chairman of the International Food Policy Research Institute in Washington, discusses his personal overview regarding the issue of climate change. He talks about China's economic growth and his assessment about the economic future of the country. It cites the several possibilities in which climate change could end the Platinum Age and how humanity responds to it. It talks about the principle that guides the allocation of global emissions budget across countries. The author suggests that the need for an effective policy response is more urgent than we thought.