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Objective: To assess the relationship between patients' expectations for total knee arthroplasty (TKA) and satisfaction with surgical outcome. Methods: This prospective cohort study recruited patients with knee osteoarthritis (OA) ages ≥30 years who were referred for TKA at 2 hip/knee surgery centers in Alberta, Canada. Those who received primary, unilateral TKA completed questionnaires pre‐TKA to assess TKA expectations (17‐item Hospital for Special Surgery [HSS] TKA Expectations questionnaire) and contextual factors (age, sex, Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index pain score, Knee Injury and Osteoarthritis Outcome Score physical function short form [KOOS‐PS], 8‐item Patient Health Questionnaire depression scale, body mass index [BMI], comorbidities, and prior joint replacement), and 1‐year post‐TKA to assess overall satisfaction with TKA results. Using multivariate logistic regression, we examined the relationship between TKA expectations (HSS TKA outcomes considered to be very important) and postoperative satisfaction (very satisfied versus somewhat satisfied versus dissatisfied). Adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were calculated. Results: At 1 year, 1,266 patients with TKA (92.1%) reported their TKA satisfaction (mean ± SD age 67.2 ± 8.8 years, 60.9% women, and mean BMI 32.6 kg/m2); 74.7% of patients were very satisfied, 17.1% were somewhat satisfied, and 8.2% were dissatisfied. Controlling for other factors, an expectation of TKA to improve patients' ability to kneel was associated with lower odds of satisfaction (adjusted OR 0.725 [95% CI 0.54–0.98]). An expectation of TKA to improve psychological well‐being was associated with lower odds of satisfaction for individuals in the lowest tertile of pre‐TKA KOOS‐PS scores (adjusted OR 0.49 [95% CI 0.28–0.84]), but higher odds for those in the highest tertile (adjusted OR 2.37 [95% CI 1.33–4.21]). Conclusion: In patients with TKA, preoperative expectations regarding kneeling and psychological well‐being were significantly associated with the level of TKA satisfaction at 1 year. Ensuring that patients' expectations are achievable may enhance appropriate provision of TKA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]