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OBJETIVO: Descrever uma série de pacientes portadores de obstrução do sistema lacrimal associado à radioiodoterapia para tratamento de carcinoma de tireoide, revisar os dados clínicos e a resposta ao tratamento cirúrgico desta rara complicação. MÉTODOS: Foi realizada uma análise retrospectiva dos achados oftalmológicos de pacientes com histórico de carcinoma de tireoide previamente submetidos à tireoidectomia e à RIT que foram encaminhados para cirurgia de vias lacrimais. RESULTADOS: Dezessete pacientes com carcinoma de tireoide tratados com tireoidectomia e RIT apresentaram obstrução do ducto nasolacrimal sintomática após período médio de 13,2 meses do tratamento do câncer. Onze pacientes tiveram epífora bilateral, 8 com mucocele de saco lacrimal. A idade dos pacientes variou entre 30 e 80 anos, sendo 10 com idade menor ou igual a 49 anos. A dose cumulativa média de radioiodo administrada foi de 571 mCi (variação entre 200-1200 mCi). Sintomas de obstrução nasal e aumento de glândulas salivares ocorreram em 53% dos pacientes. Todos os pacientes foram submetidos à dacriocistorrinostomia. Observou-se ainda que nos 3 pacientes mais jovens houve maior sangramento intraoperatótio e dilatação de saco lacrimal. A resolução completa da epífora e da dacriocistite ocorreu em 82,4%, e foi parcial em 17,6% (3 pacientes mantiveram queixa unilateral após a correção da obstrução bilateralmente). O seguimento médio foi de 6 meses (intervalo: 2-24 meses). CONCLUSÕES: Alta dose cumulativa de radioiodo, disfunção nasal e de glândulas salivares estão associadas à obstrução das vias lacrimais. Observa-se uma maior porcentagem de pacientes mais jovens apresentando quadro de dacriocistite quando comparado à dacrioestenose idiopática. A absorção de iodo radioativo pela mucosa do ducto nasolacrimal com subsequente inflamação, edema e fibrose parece ter relação direta com a obstrução do ducto nasolacrimal. O conhecimento desta complicação é importante para o estudo e abordagem correta desses pacientes. PURPOSE: To report the finding of nasolacrimal drainage system obstruction associated with radio iodine therapy and to review clinical data and the surgical treatment outcome of this rare complication. METHODS: We retrospectively analyzed ophthalmological data of patients with history of thyroid carcinoma that underwent radioactive iodine I-131 therapy and were referred to lacrimal surgery. RESULTS: 17 patients with thyroid cancer treated with thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine I-131 therapy presented symptomatic nasolacrimal duct obstruction after 13.2 months following cancer treatment. 11 patients presented bilateral epiphora, 8 had lacrimal sac mucocele. Age range was 30 to 80 years, 10 patients had less than or equal to 49 years. The mean cumulative dose of radioiodine was 571mCi (range: 200-1200 mCi). Nasal obstruction symptoms and increased salivary glands were also present in 53% of patients. All subjects underwent dacryocystorhinostomy. Dilation of the lacrimal sac and increased intraoperative bleeding was also observed in 3 younger patients. Complete epiphora and dacryocystitis resolution after surgery occurred in 82.4%, and partial in 17.6% (3 patients that still presented unilateral relapse after correction of bilateral obstruction). Mean follow-up was 6 months (range: 2-24 months). CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative high dose of radioidine, nasal and salivary gland dysfunction are associated with lacrimal drainage obstruction. We observed a great percentage of younger patients presenting dacryocystitis when compared to the idiopathic dacryostenosis. Radioactive iodine uptake by nasolacrimal duct mucosa with subsequent inflammation, edema and fibrosis seems to have a relationship to lacrimal duct obstruction. The knowledge of this complication is important for the study and proper management of these patients.

Obstrução parcial ou completa da via lacrimal provoca um lacrimejamento constante ou intermitente denominado epífora. O tratamento preconizado para os casos de epífora com obstruções localizadas abaixo do canalículo comum é a dacriocistorrinostomia externa ou a dacriocistorrinostomia via endoscópica. Nos últimos anos foram criadas e aperfeiçoadas técnicas alternativas para o tratamento de epífora como a intubação da via lacrimal com tubos de silicone, dilatação do ducto nasolacrimal (dacriocistoplastia) e o desenvolvimento de implantes nasolacrimais. O objetivo deste trabalho é relatar a primeira experiência brasileira com o implante de poliuretano, realizado pelos serviços de Radiologia Intervencionista e Oftalmologia do Hospital das Clínicas da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo - USP - SP. Embora o implante nasolacrimal tenha suas vantagens por ser um procedimento radiológico intervencionista versus uma cirurgia invasiva, não é o procedimento indicado como tratamento primário da obstrução do ducto nasolacrimal. Estudos a longo prazo ainda são necessários para avaliar e resolver as complicações encontradas nos últimos trabalhos. Novos desenhos e métodos de recanalização in situ (mecanicamente ou com auxílio de medicações) talvez melhorem a viabilidade deste método terapêutico para a resolução de epífora.Epiphora (watering eye) is generally caused by insufficient drainage of tears. The most common cause of epiphora in adults is idiopathic inflammatory obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. The traditional surgical treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction is an external dacryocystorhinostomy, which has an 85% to 95% success rate. To eliminate cutaneus wounds and scarring some techniques were introduced, for example the endonasal laser dacryocystorhinostomy and the nasolacrimal stent. The aim of this report was to evaluate the first case of nasolacrimal stent implantation in Brazil. The procedure was performed in the "Hospital das Clínicas" of the University of São Paulo - USP. A female patient with tearing of the right eye and secretion was submitted to a nasolacrimal stent implantation, with fluoroscopic guidance. The stent used in this procedure was the polyurethane Tearleader stent set. (Dr. Wilhelm type-PBN MEDICALS - Denmark). After 3 months, the patient started complaining of tearing, so the stent was removed and the patient was submitted to an external dacryocystorhinostomy. At present the patient does not have any symptoms or complaints. This procedure is less invasive and simple, causes no facial scars and avoids surgical trauma, but the long term success rates achieved using polyurethane nasolacrimal stents are low as compared with the external dacryocystorhinostomy. In addition, the patients usually complaint of tearing even having patent lacrimal system. In summary, long-term studies are needed to resolve some complications. Maybe a new stent design and new methods of unblocking the stent in situ would improve in the near future the levels of patency that currently are modest.

OBJETIVOS:Avaliar as indicações, os resultados e as complicações observadas nos pacientes submetidos ao implante de peso de ouro para correção do lagoftalmo paralítico. MÉTODOS: Vinte prontuários de pacientes com lagoftalmo secundário à paralisia facial de diversas etiologias, que foram submetidos à colocação do implante de ouro na pálpebra superior do lado afetado, foram examinados retrospectivamente. RESULTADOS: A causa mais freqüente de lagoftalmo paralítico foi pós-cirurgia de neurinoma do acústico (40%). Complicações precoces e tardias ocorreram em 40% dos implantes colocados. Quatro pacientes (20%) apresentaram reação inflamatória local nos primeiros meses de pós-operatório. Dois pacientes (10%) apresentaram afinamento da pele e do músculo orbicular sobre o peso de ouro, após 4 e 7 anos do implante, respectivamente. Um paciente (5%) apresentou deslocamento do peso de ouro após 3 anos de sua colocação e outro paciente (5%), extrusão do peso de ouro tardiamente, após 10 anos do implante. CONCLUSÕES: Nesta série, foi alto o índice de complicações com o implante de ouro (40%). As complicações foram divididas em precoces, possivelmente relacionadas à impureza do material, e complicações tardias, devido à evolução do quadro da paralisia facial que apresenta diminuição do tônus muscular.PURPOSE: To evaluate the indications, the results and the complications seen in the patients submitted to gold weight implantation to correct paralytic lagophthalmos. METHODS: Charts of 20 patients with lagophthalmos secondary to facial nerve palsy of diverse etiologies, which were submitted to gold weight implantation in the upper eyelid of the affected side, were retrospectively examined. RESULTS: The most frequent cause of paralytic lagophthalmos was acoustic neurinoma after surgery (40%). Early and late complications occurred in 40% of the implants. Four patients (20%) presented a local inflammatory reaction in the first 3 months after surgery. Two patients (10%) presented skin and orbicular muscle thinness over the gold weight 4 and 7 years after the implant, respectively. One patient (5%) presented gold weight displacement after 3 years and another patient (5%) had late gold weight extrusion after 10 years. CONCLUSIONS: In this series, the complication rate of gold weight implantation was high (40%). The complications were divided into early, possibly related to the material impurity and the late, due to the evolution of the facial nerve palsy that presented a decrease in muscle tonus.

Lesions of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) are the most unusual lesions of the visual pathways. Imaging studies are very important in establishing the correct diagnosis. However, due to its small size and particular location, the lateral geniculate body and its lesions are sometimes difficult to detect in imaging studies possibly causing diagnostic confusion. The purpose of this paper is to document an unusual case of a lesion of the lateral geniculate body for which an optical coherence tomography study was very important in confirming the anatomic diagnosis of a lateral geniculate body lesion. A 39-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of uveitis and central nervous system vasculitis was referred for investigation of a right temporal quadrantanopia. She had already been submitted to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that did not show any lesion along the visual pathway. Ophthalmoscopy revealed retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss that was confirmed by optical coherence tomography. Such finding associated with the observations on the neurological examination strongly suggested a lateral geniculate body lesion. The patient was submitted to another new magnetic resonance imaging obtained with especially oriented thin sections and an ischemic lesion of the lateral geniculate body was observed establishing the correct diagnosis. This case serves to confirm the importance of optical coherence tomography in determining the pattern of retinal nerve fiber layer loss in neuro-ophthalmic diseases and therefore to help in locating a lesion along the visual pathway.

Lesões que acometem o corpo geniculado lateral (CGL) são as mais raras entre as afecções da via óptica. Os exames de neuro-imagem têm a importante função de identificar tais lesões. Entretanto, devido a seus tamanho e localização, a demonstração neuro-radiológica do corpo geniculado lateral e de suas lesões, podem eventualmente, ser dificultadas levando a confusão diagnóstica. O objetivo desse relato é documentar um caso raro de acometimento do corpo geniculado lateral e em que tomografia por coerência óptica teve participação relevante na confirmação do diagnóstico anatômico de lesão do corpo geniculado lateral. Paciente feminina de 39 anos, com diagnóstico prévio de uveíte e vasculite de sistema nervoso central por doença de Behçet, apresentou-se para a investigação de quadrantopsia temporal à direita. A imagem por ressonância magnética não mostrava lesão na via óptica. Evidenciou-se à oftalmoscopia, perda da camada de fibras nervosas retinianas peripapilar "em banda", que foi confirmada pela tomografia por coerência óptica. Esta observação, associada aos achados do exame neurológico levaram à forte suspeita de lesão no corpo geniculado lateral sendo então solicitada nova imagem por ressonância magnética, que evidenciou lesão isquêmica de corpo geniculado lateral. O caso apresentado confirma a importância do tomógrafo por coerência óptica em determinar o padrão de perda de camada de fibras nervosas retinianas em afecções neuroftálmicas, e assim cooperar na localização da lesão dentro da via óptica.Lesions of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) are the most unusual lesions of the visual pathways. Imaging studies are very important in establishing the correct diagnosis. However, due to its small size and particular location, the lateral geniculate body and its lesions are sometimes difficult to detect in imaging studies possibly causing diagnostic confusion. The purpose of this paper is to document an unusual case of a lesion of the lateral geniculate body for which an optical coherence tomography study was very important in confirming the anatomic diagnosis of a lateral geniculate body lesion. A 39-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of uveitis and central nervous system vasculitis was referred for investigation of a right temporal quadrantanopia. She had already been submitted to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that did not show any lesion along the visual pathway. Ophthalmoscopy revealed retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss that was confirmed by optical coherence tomography. Such finding associated with the observations on the neurological examination strongly suggested a lateral geniculate body lesion. The patient was submitted to another new magnetic resonance imaging obtained with especially oriented thin sections and an ischemic lesion of the lateral geniculate body was observed establishing the correct diagnosis. This case serves to confirm the importance of optical coherence tomography in determining the pattern of retinal nerve fiber layer loss in neuro-ophthalmic diseases and therefore to help in locating a lesion along the visual pathway.

To report the finding of nasolacrimal drainage system obstruction associated with radio iodine therapy and to review clinical data and the surgical treatment outcome of this rare complication.We retrospectively analyzed ophthalmological data of patients with history of thyroid carcinoma that underwent radioactive iodine I-131 therapy and were referred to lacrimal surgery.17 patients with thyroid cancer treated with thyroidectomy and radioactive iodine I-131 therapy presented symptomatic nasolacrimal duct obstruction after 13.2 months following cancer treatment. 11 patients presented bilateral epiphora, 8 had lacrimal sac mucocele. Age range was 30 to 80 years, 10 patients had less than or equal to 49 years. The mean cumulative dose of radioiodine was 571 mCi (range: 200-1200 mCi). Nasal obstruction symptoms and increased salivary glands were also present in 53% of patients. All subjects underwent dacryocystorhinostomy. Dilation of the lacrimal sac and increased intraoperative bleeding was also observed in 3 younger patients. Complete epiphora and dacryocystitis resolution after surgery occurred in 82.4%, and partial in 17.6% (3 patients that still presented unilateral relapse after correction of bilateral obstruction). Mean follow-up was 6 months (range: 2-24 months).Cumulative high dose of radioiodine, nasal and salivary gland dysfunction are associated with lacrimal drainage obstruction. We observed a great percentage of younger patients presenting dacryocystitis when compared to the idiopathic dacryostenosis. Radioactive iodine uptake by nasolacrimal duct mucosa with subsequent inflammation, edema and fibrosis seems to have a relationship to lacrimal duct obstruction. The knowledge of this complication is important for the study and proper management of these patients.

Epiphora (watering eye) is generally caused by insufficient drainage of tears. The most common cause of epiphora in adults is idiopathic inflammatory obstruction of the nasolacrimal duct. The traditional surgical treatment of nasolacrimal duct obstruction is an external dacryocystorhinostomy, which has an 85% to 95% success rate. To eliminate cutaneus wounds and scarring some techniques were introduced, for example the endonasal laser dacryocystorhinostomy and the nasolacrimal stent. The aim of this report was to evaluate the first case of nasolacrimal stent implantation in Brazil. The procedure was performed in the "Hospital das Clinicas" of the University of Sao Paulo - USP. A female patient with tearing of the right eye and secretion was submitted to a nasolacrimal stent implantation, with fluoroscopic guidance. The stent used in this procedure was the polyurethane Tearleader stent set. (Dr. Wilhelm type-PBN MEDICALS - Denmark). After 3 months, the patient started complaining of tearing, so the stent was removed and the patient was submitted to an external dacryocystorhinostomy. At present the patient does not have any symptoms or complaints. This procedure is less invasive and simple, causes no facial scars and avoids surgical trauma, but the long term success rates achieved using polyurethane nasolacrimal stents are low as compared with the external dacryocystorhinostomy. In addition, the patients usually complaint of tearing even having patent lacrimal system. In summary, long-term studies are needed to resolve some complications. Maybe a new stent design and new methods of unblocking the stent in situ would improve in the near future the levels of patency that currently are modest.

To evaluate the indications, the results and the complications seen in the patients submitted to gold weight implantation to correct paralytic lagophthalmos.Charts of 20 patients with lagophthalmos secondary to facial nerve palsy of diverse etiologies, which were submitted to gold weight implantation in the upper eyelid of the affected side, were retrospectively examined.The most frequent cause of paralytic lagophthalmos was acoustic neurinoma after surgery (40%). Early and late complications occurred in 40% of the implants. Four patients (20%) presented a local inflammatory reaction in the first 3 months after surgery. Two patients (10%) presented skin and orbicular muscle thinness over the gold weight 4 and 7 years after the implant, respectively. One patient (5%) presented gold weight displacement after 3 years and another patient (5%) had late gold weight extrusion after 10 years.In this series, the complication rate of gold weight implantation was high (40%). The complications were divided into early, possibly related to the material impurity and the late, due to the evolution of the facial nerve palsy that presented a decrease in muscle tonus.

Lesions of the lateral geniculate body (LGB) are the most unusual lesions of the visual pathways. Imaging studies are very important in establishing the correct diagnosis. However, due to its small size and particular location, the lateral geniculate body and its lesions are sometimes difficult to detect in imaging studies possibly causing diagnostic confusion. The purpose of this paper is to document an unusual case of a lesion of the lateral geniculate body for which an optical coherence tomography study was very important in confirming the anatomic diagnosis of a lateral geniculate body lesion. A 39-year-old woman with a previous diagnosis of uveitis and central nervous system vasculitis was referred for investigation of a right temporal quadrantanopia. She had already been submitted to a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) that did not show any lesion along the visual pathway. Ophthalmoscopy revealed retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) loss that was confirmed by optical coherence tomography. Such finding associated with the observations on the neurological examination strongly suggested a lateral geniculate body lesion. The patient was submitted to another new magnetic resonance imaging obtained with especially oriented thin sections and an ischemic lesion of the lateral geniculate body was observed establishing the correct diagnosis. This case serves to confirm the importance of optical coherence tomography in determining the pattern of retinal nerve fiber layer loss in neuro-ophthalmic diseases and therefore to help in locating a lesion along the visual pathway.