1. New insight into antimicrobial activities of Linaria ventricosa essential oil and its synergetic effect with conventional antibiotics
- Author
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Ayoub Kasrati, Fatima Ezzahraa Saad, Fatima El Khalloufi, Nour-Eddine Mezrioui, Abdelaziz Abbad, Brahim Oudra, Lahcen Hassani, Vitor Vasconcelos, and Ahmed Nafis
- Subjects
medicine.drug_class ,DPPH ,Linaria ,Antibiotics ,Candida glabrata ,Microbial Sensitivity Tests ,Biochemistry ,Microbiology ,Antioxidants ,law.invention ,03 medical and health sciences ,chemistry.chemical_compound ,law ,Candida albicans ,Genetics ,medicine ,Escherichia coli ,Oils, Volatile ,Potency ,Food science ,Molecular Biology ,Essential oil ,030304 developmental biology ,0303 health sciences ,biology ,030306 microbiology ,Drug Synergism ,General Medicine ,Antimicrobial ,biology.organism_classification ,Corpus albicans ,Anti-Bacterial Agents ,chemistry - Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to determine for the first time the volatile constituents, the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the essential oil (EO) of the endemic Moroccan Linaria ventricosa, alone or in combination with four known antibiotics. The major constituents were 2-methoxy-4-vinylphenol (17.4%), α-terpinene (13.64%) and 3,5-dimethylphenyl isocyanate (12.21%). The EO had moderate antioxidant potency, as measured by DPPH free radical scavenging (1.233 ± 0.031 mg/mL), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (0.373 ± 0.019 mg/mL) and β-carotene/linoleic acid (0.922 ± 0.026 mg/mL). EO showed microbicidal activity against all microorganisms tested. The highest effectiveness was recorded against Candida albicans (IZ = 24 mm, MIC = 4.87 mg/mL and MMC = 9.75 mg/mL) and Candida glabrata (IZ = 22 mm, MIC = MMC = 4.87 mg/mL). Gram negative bacteria were the most resistant (MIC = MMC = 39 mg/mL). The combination of EO at sub-inhibitory concentrations with antibiotics showed a significant decrease in their individual MICs from 2 to 128 fold, being the best for ciprofloxacin and fluconazole against E. coli and C. albicans and C. glabrata, respectively.
- Published
- 2020