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IntroductionIn recent years hypertension has become an emerging condition in the young population. It has been proposed that the renin–angiotensin system plays an important role in regulation of blood pressure. We assessed whether activation of the intrarenal renin-angiotensin system occurs in hypertensive children and adolescents and what better reflects its activity: urine angiotensinogen (AGT) or urine renin (REN).Material and methodsThe study was conducted on a sample of 58 subjects with primary hypertension (HT) and 29 normotensive children and adolescents. We measured urine REN and AGT excretion and assessed the values in relation to blood pressure (BP) and other clinical parameters. Both REN and AGT values were calculated by urine creatinine: REN/cr. and AGT/cr., respectively.ResultsWe observed higher urine REN/cr. values in hypertensive subjects in comparison to the reference group (6.99 vs. 2.93, p = 0.003). Hypertensive participants showed positive correlations between urine REN/cr. and diastolic 24-hour BP (r = 0.42, p = 0.002) as well as between urine REN/cr. and urine AGT/cr. (r = 0.266, p = 0.044, respectively).ConclusionsIncreased urine REN/cr. in hypertensive children and adolescents and its positive correlation with BP may indicate its important role in the pathogenesis of HT. Perhaps urine REN/cr. could be a marker of intrarenal renin-angiotensin system activity. Nevertheless, further research should be undertaken to confirm this observation.