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Aim: This multicenter investigation was performed to evaluate the adjuvant treatment options, prognostic factors, and patterns of recurrence in patients with grade 3 endometrioid endometrial cancer (G3-EEC)., Materials and Methods: The medical reports of patients undergoing at least total hysterectomy and salpingo-oophorectomy for G3-EEC between 1996 and 2018 at 11 gynecological oncology centers were analyzed. Optimal surgery was defined as removal of all disease except for residual nodules with a maximum diameter ≤ 1 cm, as determined at completion of the primary operation. Adequate systematic lymphadenectomy was defined as the removal of at least 15 pelvic and at least 5 paraaortic LNs., Results: The study population consists of 465 women with G3-EEC. The 5-year disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) rates of the entire cohort are 50.3% and 57.6%, respectively. Adequate systematic lymphadenectomy was achieved in 429 (92.2%) patients. Optimal surgery was achieved in 135 (75.0%) patients in advanced stage. Inadequate lymphadenectomy (DFS; HR 3.4, 95% CI 3.0-5.6; P = 0.016-OS; HR 3.2, 95% CI 1.6-6.5; P = 0.019) was independent prognostic factors for 5-year DFS and OS., Conclusion: Inadequate lymphadenectomy and LVSI were independent prognostic factors for worse DFS and OS in women with stage I-II G3-EEC. Adequate lymphadenectomy and optimal surgery were independent prognostic factors for better DFS and OS in women with stage III-IV G3-EEC., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Objective: Prognostic factors associated with high-grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (HGESS) and undifferentiated uterine sarcoma (UUS) have not been distinctly determined due to the repetitive changes in the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. We aimed to compare clinicopathologic features and outcomes of patients with HGESS with those of patients with UUS., Methods: A multi-institutional, retrospective, cohort study was conducted including 71 patients, who underwent surgery at 13 centers from 2008 to 2017. An experienced gynecopathologist from each institution re-evaluated the slides of their own cases according to the WHO 2014 classification. Factors associated with refractory/progressive disease, recurrence or death were examined using logistic regression analyses. Kaplan-Meier method and log-rank test were used for survival comparisons., Results: The median disease-free survival (DFS) for HGESS and UUS was 12 months and 6 months, respectively. While the median overall survival was not reached in HGESS group, it was 22 months in the UUS group. Kaplan-Meier analyses revealed that patients with UUS had a significantly poorer DFS than those with HGESS (p = 0.016), although OS did not differ between the groups (p = 0.135). Lymphovascular-space involvement (LVSI) was the sole significant factor associated with progression, recurrence or death for HGESS (Hazard ratio: 9.353, 95% confidence interval: 2.539-34.457, p = 0.001), whereas no significant independent factor was found for UUS., Conclusions: UUS has a more aggressive behavior than HGESS. While no significant predictor of prognosis was found for UUS, LVSI is the sole independent prognostic factor for HGESS, with patients 9.3 times more likely to experience refractory/progressive disease, recurrence or death., (© 2021. Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

Purpose: This study aimed to compare the clinical characteristics and outcomes of the cases with pure ovarian clear cell adenocarcinoma (OCCC), mixed type (clear plus serous or clear plus endometrioid or serous plus clear plus endometrioid) ovarian adenocarcinoma (MOC) and high-grade serous ovarian adenocarcinoma (HGSOC)., Methods: A retrospective comparison was conducted in 32 cases with pure OCCC, 23 cases with MOC and 28 cases with HGSOC followed between January 1999 and October 2011. Clinico-pathologic characteristics including histopathologic subtypes, age, stage, presence of ascites and/or peritoneal carcinomatosis, endometriosis and optimal cytoreduction, and also survival rates were compared in these three groups., Results: The cases with pure OCCC were younger than the cases with MOC and HGSOC (p = 0.004). The median pre-operative CA-125 level was lower in the pure OCCC than in MOC and HGSOC (p = 0.006) (p = 0.001, p = <0.001, respectively). Bilaterality and peritoneal carcinomatosis were more frequently seen in the HGSOC group (p = 0.001, p < 0.001, respectively). The majority of the cases (65 %) had stage I or II disease in the pure OCCC group, but most of the cases in the HGSOC group had advanced stage disease (p < 0.001). Endometriosis was found in 16 cases (16/55, 29 %) in the OCCC group. No significant difference was detected with regard to the median survival rate among three groups (p = 0.517), while the stage of disease was found to be the only important factor for survival (p = 0.002)., Conclusion: Pure OCCC, MOC and HGSOC represent distinct clinical characteristics. Clinical characteristics of MOC are more similar to those of HGSOC.

Purpose: Stage, tumor grade and histological subtype determine the clinical behavior in ovarian tumors. Some additional factors are related to tumor cell biology and are the useful predictors for identifying the patients with poor prognosis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the prognostic significance of survivin, Ki-67 and Topoisomerase IIα (TOPO IIα) in epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC)., Materials and Methods: Seventy-three patients with EOC were included in this study. Survivin, Ki-67 and TOPO IIα expressions were studied by immunohistochemistry on formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue sections. Nuclear staining for all antibodies was scored on a three-tiered system and more than 10 % staining was accepted as expression. The relationship between the expressions of survivin, Ki-67, TOPO IIα and clinicopathological parameters including age, stage, grade, platinum resistance and survival was evaluated., Results: Survivin, Ki-67 and TOPO IIα expressions were found in 20, 82 and 86 % of the tumors, respectively. Ki-67 and TOPO IIα expressions were found to be related to poor overall survival (p = 0.005, 0.004, respectively), while survivin expression was not associated with overall survival. There was no association between TOPO IIα and Ki-67 expressions and histological subtype, stage or grade. However, we found an important relationship between TOPO IIα expression and platinum resistance (p = 0.044). Platinum resistance was found to be an independent prognostic factor in EOC., Conclusion: Ki-67 and TOPO IIα expressions were found to be related to poor overall survival, and TOPO IIα expression was found to be associated with platinum resistance.

Objective: To evaluate the use of tenaculum on pain perception of patients and on ease of endometrial sampling procedure with a pipelle., Methods: A randomized controlled trial was conducted in 118 patients for assessing pain perception and the ease of the procedure. Patients were randomly assigned to group 1 (without tenaculum) and group 2 (with tenaculum). Visual analog scale (VAS) was used to assess patients' pain at four different times during the process. VAS-3 reflected the pain during the procedure. Likert scale was employed by the surgeon to measure the ease of the procedure. Main outcome was VAS and the secondary outcomes were Likert scale and success rate in obtaining adequate samples of endometrial tissue for histopathological diagnosis., Results: Endometrial sampling procedure could not be performed only on three patients who belonged to group 1. The VAS-3 scores were higher in group 2 than group 1 (p = 0.001). Nullipar patients had higher VAS-3 scores than multipars (p = 0.012). VAS-3 did not vary in pre-peri-postmenopausal women (p = 0.901). Likert scale was lower in postmenopausal women than peri- or pre-menopausal patients (p = 0.020, 0.017, respectively). Use of tenaculum was found by logistic regression analysis to be an independent risk factor for patients' pain perception (p = 0.0001, RR 31.8, 95 % CI 8.3-122.4). Inadequate endometrial sampling was reported in 12 patients who were all postmenopausal., Conclusion: Endometrial sampling procedure without tenaculum is feasible and yields less pain perception than with tenaculum.