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The identification and antibiotic sensibility of 188 strains of streptocoques pyogenes had been performed from 1994 to March 1998. We were interested on active antibiotics against streptocoques pyogenes: beta lactamins (penicillin-ampicillin) and macrolids (erythromycin). The aim of this study is to reveal resistances and calculate percentages of resistant strains to these antibiotics. The WHO recommend to treat streptococcal sore throat with penicillin, and with erythromycin when there is a proved inhibility to the penicillin. No penicillin resistant streptocoques pyogenes has been found in the world, that concords with our study: all strains (188 sp.) are penicillin sensitive. Macrolids resistant strains of streptocoques pyogenes has been described by a lot of countries with different distributions. In our study global percentage of resistant strains to erythromycin is 24% and 29% for throat specimen.

We have evaluated the activity of a new fluoroquinolone, trovafloxacin (CP-99,219), against 434 strains; 24 of them are resistant to ciprofloxacin. Against gram-negative bacteria, trovafloxacin has the same activity as the others fluoroquinolones. Against gram-positive bacteria, this antibiotic agent is very active. (MIC = 0.016 to 0.5 microgram/ml); Streptococcus is the most sensitive species. The ciprofloxacin resistant strains are also resistant to trovafloxacin.

Nalidixic acid and three fluoroquinolones were tested on 389 strains belonging to 13 bacterial species, all isolated in Algeria. Ofloxacin, norfloxacin and pefloxacin have the same activities on E. coli, Acinetobacter and S. aureus. Norfloxacin has the best activity on Proteus, Enterobacter, Shigella and Klebsiella. Norfloxacin and ofloxacin have the same activities on S. typhi, Salmonella and choleric Vibrio. Norfloxacin has the same activity than pefloxacin on P. aeruginosa. It is necessary to prescribe a quinolone in the right way and to consider the pharmacokinetic properties.

Serotyping of Listeria has contributed to bring to light on the origin of outbreaks listeriosis; on the other hand, it is also an additional expression for the identification of Listeria genus. In order to get better in this field, we have produced five factors sera: I, I/II, V/VI, VI, VII.

It concerns comparative studies between two children groups: One group who had previous RAA. A second group who had anginas only. This work shows the interest to associate two streptococcal serologic tests (ASLO, ASD) in order to increase the number of recent diagnostic streptococcal infectious. The remaining immunity is missing in children less than 5 years old; more than 50% of above 10 years an antistreptococcal answer although they have not streptococcus infections presently.

During 1967 to 1985, three cases of listeriosis were reported in Algeria; at that time Listeria monocytogenes caused several thousand cases of meningitis and sepsis in the world. In order to determine the frequency and bacteriologic characteristics of strain isolated in Algeria, a prospective investigation was carried from 1985 to 1989 in humans and animals samples. Sensitivity tests to antibiotics (MIC) point out that all isolates strains are resistant to cephalosporins (first and third generation), but are susceptible to Ampicillin and Gentamicin which ought to constitute the treatment basis of listeriosis.

A epidemic of enteric pathogens bacteria occurred in december 1989 and caused two deaths in a nursery. There were many investigations between december 1989 and september 1990 trying to clarify this epidemic context. A new serovar of Salmonella had for the first time been isolated from babies' feces in Algeria. Salmonella m'bandaka has been identified in more than 50% of analysis. During an hygienic investigation in this nursery the above Salmonella m'bandaka was isolated in a open physiologic solution flask.

We report the isolation of 10 strains of enterobacteriaceae with a new quinolone's resistance. This resistance was detected by a diminution of inhibition's diameter around the disk of pefloxacin , and confirmed by the determination of Minimal Inhibiting Concentrations (M.I.C.). These strains, moreover multiresistant to multiple antibiotics, were isolated from patient's urines with repetitive urinary tract infections (paraplegics, lithiasic patients). None of this patients was treated by new quinolones. The incorrect use of old quinolones is probably responsible for the selection of this new quinolone's resistance.

We report here an isolation of bacteria genus Nocardia, Nocardia farcinica, in a dialysis liquid of a renal insufficiency patient treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (C.A.P.D.). Real peritonitis was due to infection with this bacteria, eliminated after an adapted antibiotherapy. This observation is interesting first because of the rare occurrence of Nocardia's peritonitis in the patients on CAPD, and secondly in relation with the species of Nocardia, Nocardia farcinica, less known than Nocardia asteroides but not less pathogenic.

The subject of this work is to describe one of the possible applications of the informatics system in medical bacteriology, its exploitation in edition of the analysis results and in the management of produced stocks. The informatics is presently a very productive tool giving a precise information, a very important time gain and a better control of the costs. This work admit two chapters. In the first one, we give general notions of informatics and in the second one we describe the applications.

573 strains of Klebsiella were isolated in Geneva (239 strains) and in Algiers (334 strains). The complete work with bacteriologic features (culture, biochemistry and antigenicity) will be published later. Two investigations took place in surgical cardio-vascular service in Geneva cantonal hospital and in Algiers hospitals: Pediatric (Beni-Messous) and intensive care service (Mustapha). High resistance percentages are found with Penicillins (greater than 60% by C.M.I.) in Geneva and Algiers. The strains are susceptible to aminoglycosides: in Algiers, 8.68% strains are resistant to Gentamicin and 5.99% to Tobramycin. In Geneva, all the strains are susceptible to Aminoglycosides. All the strains are susceptible to Trimethoprim and the Furans resistant strains are rare. The C.M.I. test is more precise than disc diffusion technique, especially for Penicillin and Furans. Cephalosporins and aminoglycosides are the best choice for treatment of Klebsiella infections.

A first comparative in vitro study of Cefotaxime and Ceftriaxone activities on thirteen species of Algerian bacteria is done. These two third generation Cephalosporins have the same activity. A second comparative study of two Quinolones (Pefloxacin, Norfloxacin ) and a Penicillin (Imipenem) is done. Imipenem give satisfying results and is very stable against beta lactamases. In vitro Norfloxacin has a better activity than Pefloxacin.