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Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Studie představuje příspěvek k poznání procesu výroby cínového bronzu v době bronzové na základě výpovědi kovových slitků. Jedná se o doklady metalurgické aktivity jak ve formě materiálových polotovarů/ingotů, tak odpadu vznikajícím při výrobní činnosti. Kovové slitky se vyskytují po většinu doby bronzové v různých kontextech. Mají rozmanitou povahu, funkci a původ. Kromě materiálových analýz nebyla dosud slitkům původem z Čech věnována komplexní systematická pozornost, a to zejména z hlediska jejich podrobné deskripce a z ní vyplývajících dat k posouzení druhu produktů. Výzkum se zaměřil na studium formálních vlastností slitků, kategorií hutnických a slévačských produktů v rámci operačního řetězce metalurgie bronzu a vzorců organizačního a technologického zacházení v rámci různého prostoru a času. Využity a komparovány byly jak klasické archeologické metody dokumentace, tak přírodovědné analytické metody.

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Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Článek předkládá aktuální pohled na problematiku neolitické těžební lokality Bílý kámen u Sázavy (okr. Benešov). Své výsledky opírá jak o analýzu dostupných starších nálezů, tak o poznatky získané novým archeologickým výzkumem. Zjištění ukazují, že tradovanou představu o jedné z nejvýznamnějších památek po pravěké těžební činnosti nesilicitových hornin ve střední Evropě bude nutné podstatně revidovat. Již konstatování, že se nejedná o hlavní zdroj suroviny mramorových náramků kultury s vypíchanou keramikou (5100/5000–4500/4400 cal BC) otevírá nový prostor ve zdánlivě dávno vyřešené diskusi. Zároveň získaná radiokarbonová data obohacují naše poznání o aktivity probíhající na Bílém kameni v pozdním středověku a raném novověku.

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Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Jedním z fenoménů spojujících po několik set let okolo roku 4000 př. Kr. široké oblasti od Atlantiku po střední Evropu jsou různé formy vícenásobně přerušovaných příkopových ohrazení. Čechy tvoří východní periferii jejich rozšíření, publikačně dosud nedostatečně uchopenou. Předmětem předloženého příspěvku je prezentace jednoho z nich, ohrazení v Trubíně, okr. Beroun. Práce přináší kromě zevrubného vyhodnocení nálezové situace a všech získaných pramenů první soubor radiouhlíkových dat, zahrnujících i příslušné analýzy z dalších českých vícenásobně přerušovaných ohrazení. V návaznosti na ně je řešena jejich chronologická pozice, kulturní příslušnost a původ fenoménu v Čechách, a v neposlední řadě postavení trubínského objektu v jejich rámci.

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Článek představuje soubor předmětů nalezený při úpatí nápadného kamenného útvaru poblíž Stebna, okr. Louny, a interpretovaný jako rituální depot ze stupně LT B1/B2. Z tohoto období nejsou v okolí místa nálezu známy žádné další lokality. Soubor obsahuje vedle keramické misky a souboru laténského ženského kruhového šperku i jedinečnou importovanou bronzovou mísu středoitalského původu. Rozbor depotu a provedená makrozbytková a palynologická analýza umožňují klást si otázky o vztahu střední Evropy a Středomoří, o lidské přítomnosti v regionu a o rituálních aktivitách v době laténské.

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Práce přináší výsledky první geochemické analýzy provedené na pravěkých obsidiánových artefaktech z území Čech. Ke studiu bylo vybráno jedenáct vzorků s důvěryhodným datačním kontextem. Převážnou většinu analyzovaných vzorků je možné zařadit do období neolitu. Artefakty byly analyzovány dvěma nedestruktivními geochemickými metodami: hodnoty koncentrací zjištěné metodou pXRF byly kalibrovány pomocí výsledků LA-ICP-MS. Na základě výsledků je možné devět vzorků přiřadit s největší pravděpodobností slovenskému zdroji, surovina dvou vzorků pochází pravděpodobně z maďarských zdrojů.

Jurské rohovce z oblasti dnešního Bavorska představují nezanedbatelný fenomén, který na rozdíl od mnoha jiných proniká do kulturního prostředí pravěkých Čech ze západu. Ačkoli jsou tyto suroviny využívány v českém prostředí nepřetržitě přinejmenším od mladého paleolitu po starší eneolit, je možné pozorovat různé trendy jak v množství jejich přísunu, tak v preferenci jednotlivých variet. Předkládaná stať přináší přehled dosavadního stavu pramenné základny, a především na jejím základě formuluje své závěry.

Článek sleduje počátky vztahů české archeologie k přírodním vědám od 30. let 19. století. Zatímco spolupráce s mineralogií a petrografií se jednostranně omezovala na expertizu (určení surovin kamenných, vesměs broušených artefaktů pro účely evidenčního popisu) a iniciativa v počátcích výzkumu kvartéru a paleolitu od 40. let 19. století vycházela naopak od přírodovědců (geologů a paleontologů) téměř bez aktivní účasti archeologů, vztah archeologie a chemie se naopak vyvíjel k oboustranné spolupráci. Začínal ve 30. letech zkoumáním „spečených valů“, vyšší úrovně dosáhl od roku 1847 na poli chemické analýzy složení bronzových artefaktů, jejímž iniciátorem (jako první v celé tehdejší rakouské říši) a zčásti i aktivním účastníkem byl archeolog prof. Jan Erazim Vocel. Tato činnost trvala do konce 60. let a jejím výsledkem bylo roztřídění a chronologické seřazení bronzů podle poměru kovů v jejich obsahu; v tomto směru se Vocel už v letech 1853–1855 dopracoval k sekvenci vcelku odpovídající dnešnímu stavu poznání. Na prahu pozitivistické epochy tak prakticky naplňoval svoji zásadu přiblížení archeologie k exaktním přírodním vědám.

Předkládaná práce přináší přehled českých pravěkých nálezů štípaných artefaktů vyrobených z obsidiánu. Pozornost je dále zaměřena zejména na období mladého neolitu, kdy podíl této suroviny v českých souborech kulminuje a zároveň je možné nálezy lépe chronologicky ukotvit. Podrobně jsou rozebrány dva nejbohatší soubory, pocházející ze Smiřic a Plotišť nad Labem u Hradce Králové. Práce rozšiřuje svůj prostorový rámec i na Svitavsko, a to z důvodu úzké vazby této oblasti k východočeskému prostředí. Obsidián byl na sídlištích kultury s vypíchanou keramikou zpracováván ve formě donesených hlíz a podle specifické makroskopické stavby artefaktů bylo na místech zpracování vytěženo vždy jen malé množství kusů suroviny. Nejpravděpodobnější zdrojovou oblastí českých nálezů se jeví Zemplínské vrchy na jihovýchodním Slovensku, méně pravděpodobné jsou Tokajsko-zemplínské vrchy v severovýchodním Maďarsku.

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Copyright of Archeologické Rozhledy is the property of Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Institute of Archaeology and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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