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Previous reports on the effects of probiotics on farmed fish have focused more on dietary supplementation, and this study evaluated the effects of Pseudomonas stutzeri F2 supplementation in rearing water on juvenile spotted seabass (Lateolabrax maculatus). Different from the control group (T0), where ammonia nitrogen levels were reduced by water exchange in the circulation system, the T1 and T2 groups supplemented the rearing water with low (3.0 × 103 CFU/mL) and high (3.0 × 105 CFU/mL) concentrations of P. stutzeri F2 with the ability to remove ammonia nitrogen and nitrite, respectively. After 33 d of rearing, the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed utilization and survival rate of the experimental group of spotted seabass were significantly improved (p