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A 60‐days feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of formic acid, vitamin D3 and their synergism on the performance of Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings. Four diets designating as D0,0, D2,0, D0,5000 and D2,5000 were formulated by incorporating formic acid (FA) (%) and vitamin D3 (IU/Kg) at the levels of 0,0; 2,0; 0,5000 and 2,5000, respectively. Results showed improved growth performance by the individual addition of both the supplements. Similarly, bone mineralization and intestinal enzyme activities were also affected significantly with the supplementation of both the additives separately. Furthermore, vitamin D3 supplementation improved the crude protein (CP), crude fat (CF) and decreased the moisture contents in the muscles of fish. However, muscle moisture and ash contents were not affected by dietary FA, although a significant increase in CP and a decrease in CF was observed. The combined addition of both the supplements substantially ameliorated the growth performance and protease activity. Moreover, a positive synergism between these two supplements was also recorded for bone P, Zn and Mn contents. In conclusion, the individual, as well as combination of vitamin D3 and FA improved the growth performance and other attributes of test fingerlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of organic acids (OA) and dicalcium phosphate (Pi) supplementation in the feed of Labeo rohita fingerlings was studied by formulating seven practical diets, designed as D1 with no feed additives {dicalcium phosphorus (Pi) and organic acid (OA) blend} while, D2, D3, D4 and D5 were supplemented with Pi at the graded levels of 5, 10, 15 and 20 g/kg, respectively, whereas D6 and D7 contained blend of OA at 15 and 30 g/kg, respectively. The diet supplemented with OA blend exhibited increase (p <.05) in growth of L. rohita fingerlings compared with the diet supplemented with Pi. The OA supplementation at both levels showed significant improvement in nutrients digestibility and minerals absorption in fingerlings. Moreover, in case of muscle proximate composition, crude fat (CF) and crude protein (CP) were increased (p <.05) with the inclusion of OA blend in the diet while crude ash (CA) was improved by Pi supplementation. Additionally, digestive enzyme activities were not affected (p ˃.05) by OA blend supplementation while increased activities were observed in the fingerlings fed with Pi diet. Consequently, supplementation of OA blend in the diet improved the growth performance and nutrient status while Pi enhanced digestive enzyme activities of L. rohita fingerlings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A 3 × 3 factorial experiment was conducted on Labeo rohita fingerlings to evaluate the effect of dietary oxidized oil and vitamin E. Nine experimental diets were made, based on three degrees of oil oxidation (fresh oil, low oil oxidation and high oil oxidation), and each level of oxidation was further supplemented with three levels of vitamin E (0, 100 and 1,000 mg/kg). Weight gain% and specific growth rate (SGR) of fish fed fresh fish oil and low oil oxidation level were significantly higher than highly oxidized oil. Moreover, vitamin E supplemented fish also showed better growth performance. Oil oxidation caused a significant reduction in the concentrations of α‐tocopherol and increase in TBARS level and antioxidant enzyme activities in fish liver and muscles. However, increasing the dietary vitamin E abrogated these effects. Dietary vitamin E supplementation improved the fatty acid, more specifically polyunsaturated fatty acids profile of oxidized oil fed fish. In conclusion, dietary oxidized fish oil increased the oxidative stress condition of fish but supplementation of high dose of vitamin E prevented lipid oxidation, improved growth performance and fatty acid profile of L. rohita. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]