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Highlights: [•] High energy electron beam (HEEB) irradiation and hydrothermal treatment were used. [•] HEEB irradiation could make the impurities in the pores of diatomite loose. [•] Hydrothermal treatment (HT) could remove these impurities from the pores. [•] They could effectively improve pore size distribution and decrease the bulk density. [•] Catalytic performance of the corresponding catalyst was significantly improved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An effective and convenient method using ion beam bombardment (IBB) for separating a multi-layered compact graphene oxide (GO) piece into several small few-layered loose pieces was developed, and it was found that those small GO pieces had formed a flower-like structure. Therein, the main mechanism was proposed to be the etching and charge effects of IBB. This work could provide a facile and promising approach for improving the dispersion and the related properties of GO. Furthermore, X-ray diffraction and Raman spectrum determinations demonstrated that, with the increasing fluence, IBB could effectively decrease the chemical groups in the layers of GO, resulting in the decrease of the layer distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]