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[Display omitted] • Synergy between photocatalysis and sulfite-advanced oxidation process over nanoceria. • High Pr concentrations in ceria, higher photoactivity. • The zigzag nanofacets in nanoceria improve catalytic activity. • The main active intermediates are SO 4 •–, O 2 •– radicals and holes. • This system has strong resistance to initial pH values, other anions and leaching. Sulfite-based advanced oxidation processes (s-AOPs) have recently garnered significant attention due to their ability to generate highly oxidative sulfate radicals and eliminate contaminants from water. A state-of-the-art platform has been developed through the synergistic combination of s-AOP and photocatalysis under visible light as weak as ambient indoor daylight. This platform achieved an enhanced degradation efficiency for defect-engineered CeO 2 nanocubes by using sodium sulfite instead of SO 2 , resulting in a synergy factor of up to 88%. The reaction pathways, intermediates, ion leaching and the possible influence of aqueous conditions during the methyl orange degradation have been investigated. The CeO 2 /Na 2 SO 3 /vis-light platform exhibits promising prospect as a system to enhance conventional s-AOP in wastewater treatment or disinfection. It demonstrates excellent performance in terms of pH sensitivity, anion influence, and resistance to leaching. This highlights its significant potential for practical applications and future process scale-up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, we demonstrate that Zn-doped tubular carbon nitride photocatalyst (Zn-tCN) can serve as highly efficient catalysts for H 2 O 2 photosynthesis. [Display omitted] • Zn-doped g-C 3 N 4 are fabricated by a synthetic strategy of high-performance. • Zn-tCN presents excellent H 2 O 2 production under visible light and pure water. • The excellent photocatalytic activity can be attributed to the enhancement of selectivity. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) has become a favored universal photocatalyst. Despite its numerous advantages, the photocatalytic efficiency of g-C 3 N 4 is hindered by the substantial recombination of photoexcited charge carriers and holes. In this work, we demonstrate that Zn-doped tubular carbon nitride photocatalyst (Zn-tCN) can serve as highly efficient catalysts for H 2 O 2 photosynthesis. Mechanism studies confirm that the presence of Zn in g-C 3 N 4 prolongs the lifetimes of photogenerated carriers and inhibits their recombination, which triggers the reduction of O 2 to reaction intermediates (O 2 −), as supported by in situ electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy. More importantly, sacrificial agent experiments coupled with in situ EPR results confirmed that the reaction mechanism involves a concerted two-electron transfer process. The optimal catalyst displays a H 2 O 2 productivity of 162.4μmol g–1h−1 under visible-light irradiation without a sacrificial agent, which is 11.7 times higher than that of pristine g-C 3 N 4 (13.8μmol g–1h−1). This work proposes a synthetic strategy for the preparation of high-performance Zn-doped g-C 3 N 4 , which offers insights and perspectives for developing highly active photocatalysts and deepening the understanding of photocatalytic mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A facile way to synthesize g-C 3 N 4 from atypical supermolecular precursors is proposed. • The supramolecular self-assembly g-C 3 N 4 (ACCN) shows distorted heptazine structure. • ACCN has broadened light absorption and shallow energy level defects. • ACCN exhibits 53-fold increase in hydrogen evolution rate than bulk g-C 3 N 4. Graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) photocatalysts have attracted considerable attention due to its suitable electronic structure and remarkable visible light absorption ability. However, the application of g-C 3 N 4 is still hindered by its low specific surface area, lack of active sites and low photogenerated charge carriers transport rates. Herein, we report the synthesis of a distorted g-C 3 N 4 (ACCN) with high visible light activity by atypical supramolecular self-assembly of cyanuric acid and protonated melamine. The twisted heptazine ring structure enables the lone pair of electrons on the N atoms to be excited under visible light, which broadens the utilization of visible light, with the absorption edge of the UV–visible spectrum red-shifted to 650 nm. Besides, the atomic defects in the heptazine ring induce shallow energy level defects, which can trap photogenerated electrons and reduce the recombination rate of photogenerated carriers. The broadened light absorption and the presence of shallow energy level defects synergistically improve the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution rate up to 7460 µmol g-1h−1, which is 53 times higher than that of the bulk g-C 3 N 4. Our work proposes that an unconventional supramolecular self-assembly enables efficient n → π* electronic transitions in g-C 3 N 4 photocatalyst, which offers a novel insight into developing efficient photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The co-existence of oxygen and nitrogen vacancies in the seaweed-like fibrous membrane is able to complete degradation of antibiotics due to the strengthened ·OH production. [Display omitted] • The seaweed-like fibrous heterojunction membrane with oxygen vacancies in TiO 2 and nitrogen vacancies in g-C 3 N 4 was successfully fabricated through a HCl-mediated strategy. • The thorough elimination of various antibiotics with enhanced reaction kinetics is achieved under visible light irradiation. • The co-existence of oxygen vacancies and nitrogen vacancies are responsible for O 2 capture, H 2 O 2 generation, and ·OH production. • The flexible membrane is also appropriate for flowing systems. The highly selective production of ·OH to strengthen the mineralization of antibiotics remains a significant scientific challenge. In this work, the seaweed-like fibrous membrane containing oxygen-vacancies in TiO 2 ultrafine nanocrystals and nitrogen-vacancies in g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets, was rationally designed through a HCl-mediated polycondensation strategy. The photocatalytic test confirmed that the dual-defects membrane containing dual defects exhibited highly efficient capacities in removing a variety of antibiotics under visible light and natural light irradiation, which was much stronger than that of single- or none-defective samples. The mechanism analysis displayed that the dual defects were beneficial to migration of photogenerated charges, expansion of Fermi level gap, and capture of oxygen. The strengthened ·OH production was derived from the decomposition of H 2 O 2 , bypassing the high barrier of direct oxidation of H 2 O. This work focuses the key roles of defects in photocatalytic reaction and attempts to present a promising stride towards advancing defect engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Novel Ag@TiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 hollow spherical SERS substrates are proposed and developed. • They are reusable and magnetically controllable with excellent SERS activity. • It suffers 3% loss after 10 repeatable tests subject to UV after each test. • Ag@TiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 shows good photocatalytic ability even visible light irradiation. In this study, an innovative highly sensitive self-cleaning Lab-on-a-bubble SERS substrate: Ag NPs@TiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 hollow spheres, was developed using spray pyrolysis and following depositions. The reusable and magnetically controllable substrate consists of iron oxide hollow spheres (Fe 3 O 4) covered by a TiO 2 shell and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) deposited on the outer surface. Experimental results show that this new composite SERS substrate exhibited a low limit of detection (LOD) down to 10-10M, and the enhancement factor (EF) reached 1.01 X107. It suffered only 3 % loss after 10 repeatable recycle tests if the self-cleaning under UV was performed after each test. This novel substrate possessed good photocatalytic degradation ability for methylene blue (MB) dyes even under visible light. In that case, MB can be dissociated up to 99.8 % and the reaction rate constant (K) reached 0.0271/min. Taking advantage of this, the feasibility of reusable SERS detection through self-cleaning under visible light was also demonstrated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

WSeTe/PtTe 2 vdW heterojunctions are constructed and their mechanical, electronic, and optical properties are deeply studied. On this basis, the strain-controlled high on–off-ratio mechanical switching and high-performance solar cell devices are proposed. [Display omitted] • WSeTe/PtTe 2 heterojunction is constructed and various physical properties are investigated. • They have are type-II semiconductors, with exceptional mechanical property. • Their types of band alignment and band gap size can be tuned flexibly by physical field. • High-performance mechanical switching and solar cell devices are proposed. Janus WSeTe and PtTe 2 monolayers have attracted much attention due to their outstanding electronic properties. To explore their combined advantages and to find new physics, we construct WSeTe/PtTe 2 vdW heterojunctions and use the most stable configurations A4 and B1 to explore their various physical properties and device applications. It is found that both A4 and B1 hold exceptional mechanical properties. They are type-II semiconductors, and types of band alignment and band gap size can be tuned flexibly by external electric field and vertical strain. Based on such a property, we design a strain-controlled high on–off-ratio mechanical switching device. They also show an excellent light response and high photoelectric power conversion efficiency (PCE), which can be tuned greatly by the external electric field and vertical strain as well. For example, light adsorption in visible and infrared region can be improved greatly by the compressive strain. Particularly, we find for B1 in the intrinsic state or with a small tensile strain of 0.3 Å, or for A4 with small electric field of −0.3 V/Å, they all hold type-II band alignment and have very high PCE and large visible light absorption, based on these results, we propose high-performance solar cell devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The retired PV silicon was used to synthesize the ACS photocatalyst. • The self-circulating system was consist of Ag+-Ag0 and Cl--Cl0 conversions. • ACS exhibit high photocatalytic activity over degrading various PPCPs and dyes. • Ball milled ACS exhibited excellent long-term circulation and pH stability. • Ball milling increased h+ and e- activity, enhancing photocatalytic activity of ACS. Recycling and reusing valuable components of retired photovoltaic (PV) panels, such as crystalline silicon, has become a topic of interest due to the large number of panels are being decommissioned. This study focused on creating a self-circulating Z-scheme AgCl/SiC (ACS) photocatalyst using retiredPV silicon as raw material through a mechanochemical process. The mechanochemical ball milling addressed the issue of unstable photocatalytic performance of AgCl caused by photocorrosion by facilitating rapid interconversion between Ag+ and Ag0, enhancing the pH stability, reusability and photocatalytic activity of ACS. ACS was demonstrated to have significant photocatalytic capabilities in breaking down pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) and dye pollutants, achieving complete degradation of PPCPs in 30 min under visible light and over 80% degradation of dyes within the same timeframe. Furthermore, ACS maintained a 99% degradation rate across a pH range of 2 to 10 and sustained a 90% degradation rate after 10 cycles. The results of toxicity analysis indicated that the toxicant of intermediates were decreased gradually and can be controlled in a safe range. The pH stability and broad applicability of ACS make it well-suited for diverse environmental conditions. This ACS photocatalyst represents a promising approach to addressing the issue of photocorrosion in AgCl, and recycling of crystalline silicon from retired PV panels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NiMoO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 S-scheme heterojunction nanoplates were successfully constructed through hydrothermal method. • NiMoO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 S-scheme heterojunction nanoplates extend the light adsorption range and enhance separation of photo-induced carriers. • The conversions of phenol can achieve to 79.3 % for 180 min using 3 wt% NiMoO 4 /g-C 3 N 4. • OH·, h+ and ·O 2 − are involved in the photocatalytic degradation of phenol throughout the formation of S-scheme heterojunction. In this work, a novel S-scheme heterojunction between nickel molybdate nanorods and layered graphitic carbon nitride was successfully prepared through a facile hydrothermal method for effective phenol photodegradation. The formation of nickel molybdate decorated graphitic carbon nitride (NiMoO 4 /g-C 3 N 4) heterojunction not only significantly improves the separation efficiency of photoinduced electron-hole but also expands the assimilation range of visible light. As a result, for the 3 wt% NiMoO 4 /g-C 3 N 4 sample, the degradation efficiency of phenol is the best, up to 79.3 % within 3 h under visible light irradiation, which is 1.9 times higher than that of the bare g-C 3 N 4. The S-scheme heterojunction also shows favorable stability after five consecutive reuses. The work gives a novel research direction about reducing pollution and alleviating environmental pressure in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Vacancy-abundant SnO 2 quantum dots can effeciently interact with gas molecules with maximized surface area. • p -Si provides signal amplification with its excellent conductivity and visible light sensitivity. • The device exhibited ppm level hydrogen detection under room-temperature condition with green light illumination. • Detection mechanism was investigated throughout materials characteristics and the matching energy band analysis. The continuous monitoring of the hydrogen gas level under low-temperature conditions is vital to prevent explosive accidents. Metal oxide-based chemoresistors have attracted significant attention owing to their excellent gas sensitivity. However, high operating temperature required to remove adsorbed oxygen species is still considered as an obstacle, limiting the application of the system. In addressing the temperature issue, this study introduced an approach in which a gas interaction layer was separated from the signal-sensing region. The proposed two-terminal device comprises a gas interaction layer of SnO 2 quantum dots (QDs) and a p -doped silicon (p -Si) region characterized by high electronic conductivity and light sensitivity. Through visible light illumination, the recombination between gas interaction-induced electrons and photo-generated holes induces a change in output photocurrent, enabling room-temperature gas sensing without additional temperature control. Using this gas sensing scheme, the proposed sensor showed impressive gas detection performance in the low-temperature range, achieving a detection range of a few parts per million (ppm) in concentration (limit of detection range: 9.46–50 ppm). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Carbon self-doping in the specific site of the framework over g-C 3 N 4 was precisely fabricated. • Photocatalytic hydrogen rate has been enhanced about 7 folds than that of pristine g-C 3 N 4. • DFT analysis and characterization results revealed the photocatalytic mechanism. • Direct incorporation −N-C = C- sites into network of g-C 3 N 4 was conducive to the increased photoinduced carrier migration. Substituting carbon for nitrogen in g-C 3 N 4 enhances π-electrons activity and photocatalytic performance, despite the challenges posed by the higher electronegativity of nitrogen. We successfully achieved the substitution of C atoms for N atoms via the copolymerization of melamine and cytosine utilizing the Schiff base reaction, altering the g-C 3 N 4 band structure from 2.74 to 2.49 eV and enhancing photoinduced electron reduction due to the introduction of −N-C = C- unit into the g-C 3 N 4 network. The C-incorporated g-C 3 N 4 extended the light-response range to 673 nm and improved the electron cloud density around the self-doping sites, significantly reducing the ΔG H* as indicated the DFT results, implying the efficient separation and migration of photoinduced carriers in g-C 3 N 4. As anticipated, the photocatalytic hydrogen evolution (PHE) rate of the optimized C self-doped g-C 3 N 4 was five and seven times higher than that of the pristine g-C 3 N 4 under the full spectrum and the visible light (λ ≥ 400 nm), respectively. Moreover, g-C 3 N 4 - n also display superior activity (6.73, 4.48, 3.42, and 0.76 %) under the different wavelengths (λ = 420, 450, 480 nm, and 540 nm respectively). This report reveals a subtle atom-tailoring scheme to control carbon self-doping sites within the g-C 3 N 4 framework, modulating its inherent electronic properties and photoactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystalline heptazine g-C 3 N 4 with a high specific surface area and abundant cyano groups was synthesized by molten salt post-treatment strategy combining with adjusting the ratio of urea and melamine, which showed high-efficient H 2 O 2 production rate up to 10.94 mmol∙g−1∙h−1, far exceeding that of most g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts in reported literatures. [Display omitted] • Crystalline g-C 3 N 4 with less PTI chains and more cyano groups was prepared. • Precursor regulation and molten salt treatment induced thinner g-C 3 N 4 nanosheets. • CN-U20M shows high-efficient H 2 O 2 production rate up to 10.94 mmol∙g−1∙h−1. • Extended intraplanar basic units and interlayer K ions accounts for the high activity. Graphitic phase carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) is considered one of the most promising catalysts for photocatalytic production of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2) due to its green and non-polluting nature and stability. However, the conventional g-C 3 N 4 prepared by direct thermal polymerization has insufficient reaction sites due to its excessive bulk defects derived from incomplete polymerization and low specific surface area, leading to rapid carrier recombination and limited photocatalytic activity. In this work, a series of crystalline g-C 3 N 4 (CN-UxM) with large specific surface areas have been prepared by a molten salt post-treatment strategy with regulating the precursor ratio of urea to melamine. In-situ KPFM, photoelectrochemical experiment and DFT calculation results show that the sample with an optimized urea/melamine ratio of 20 (CN-U20M) has the highest charge separation and transfer efficiency derived from the internal electric field. And its H 2 O 2 production rate under simulated visible light reaches as high as 10.94 mmol∙g−1∙h−1, far exceeding that of most g-C 3 N 4 -based photocatalysts in reported literatures. The present work provides an effective strategy to enhance the photocatalytic activity of g-C 3 N 4 , which is expected to be applied to other organic semiconductor catalytic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ethanol-quenching introduces both surface oxygen vacancies (V O s) and bulk single electron trapped oxygen vacancies (SETOVs) to CaTiO 3. • The band gap is narrowed and the visible light absorption ability is enhanced after quenching. • The photocatalytic RhB degradation and hydrogen evolution reaction are significantly promoted on the ethanol-quenched Q E -CaTiO 3. • DFT calculations verify the narrowed band gap and the accumulated electrons near the Fermi level. Oxygen vacancies (V O s) play a pivotal role in promoting the photocatalytic activities of perovskite oxides. Herein, we proposed a simple and effective strategy of introducing both surface oxygen vacancies and bulk single electron trapped oxygen vacancies (SETOVs) into CaTiO 3 by ethanol quenching. The purchased CaTiO 3 was preheated at 800 °C and then the hot CaTiO 3 was quenched in ethanol instantly. The ethanol-quenched Q E -CaTiO 3 delivers much improved photocatalytic activities towards both RhB degradation and hydrogen evolution under visible light irradiation by 6.5 and 65.2 times, respectively, in comparison with the pristine CaTiO 3. Both the bulk SETOVs and surface V O s enhance light absorption, and the surface V O s serve as photocatalytic active sites. DFT calculations further reveal the narrowed band gap and accumulated charge density near the Fermi level in Q E -CaTiO 3 , which help the visible light absorption, facilitate charge carriers generation and migration, and promote photocatalytic activities. Our findings provide an efficient and easily scalable approach to engineering oxygen vacancy defects in photocatalysts and other catalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Ti a Zr b O c nanoparticles were prepared and tested in the SMX photodegradation. • The higher Zr% the lower the particle size increasing the exposed surface area. • Zirconium titanates are detected by XRD and XPS. • E g decreases to 2.8 eV due to the zirconium titanates/titania heterojunction. • An impressive SMX photodegradation rate of 80.1% was obtained using blue-LED. Solar photocatalysis has emerged as a cost-effective and efficient approach to address water remediation challenges. Nonetheless, there is a pressing requirement to innovate and design novel photocatalysts capable of utilizing solar or visible light. In this study, morphology control and surface sensitization techniques were integrated to engineer titania-based photocatalysts that operate efficiently under blue LED light. This is accomplished through the synthesis of Ti a Zr b O c materials (TiXZrY) with finely tuned nano-scale dimensions, employing meticulous control through the reversed two-emulsion technique. This innovative approach has yielded remarkable performance in the removal of pharmaceutical contaminants. Zr contents highly affect the size and, thus, the active surface of the photocatalysts. XRD results indicate that a low Zr content zirconium titanates are formed whereas at high Zr contents zirconia cubic phase is the main crystalline structure detected. The heterojunction created between the zirconium titanate and the titania anatase phases can be responsible of the band gap reduction observed (Eg = 2.8 eV). A SMX degradation percent as high as 80.1 % with a decrease of the treated water toxicity was obtained for Ti70Zr30 under blue-LEDs irradiation which is explained based on the formation of zirconium titanates observed by XRD and XPS and the high active surface area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Nanostructured SnO x -TiO 2 thin film photocatalyst by binder free method. • Structure and phase analysis confirmed defects induction and phase change. • Defects resulted in reduced bandgap and enhanced visible light absorption. • High rates of visible light degradation for cationic and anionic dyes. • Photoelectrochemical studies show efficient carrier generation and transport. Advanced oxidative removal of organic pollutants from water bodies using nanoparticles of metal oxide photocatalysts is a concurrent hot topic. In the present study, SnO x -TiO 2 heterogeneous nanocomposite thin film photocatalysts have been synthesized using SnO and TiO 2 precursors by binder-free doctor blade technique. X-ray diffraction was used to confirm the presence of anatase TiO 2 as a major phase at elevated temperatures. Raman spectra analysis confirmed phase transformation and defect induction. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was utilized to determine the purity and chemical condition of the synthesized thin films. The porous nature of the thin film surface was observed using field emission scanning electron microscopy. UV–Vis-NIR spectroscopy results showed a reduction of bandgap from 3 eV to 2.6 eV with enhanced light absorption. The superior oxygen evolution reaction, redox nature and charge carrier generation were demonstrated using photo-electrochemical techniques. Improved photoresponse of the photocatalysts was observed using chrono-amperometry technique. The superior visible light-driven photocatalytic activity of the samples was demonstrated utilizing cationic and anionic model pollutant dyes. The reusability of the catalyst is ensured through successive photodecomposition processes. These results show a facile fabrication of defects induced heterogenous nanocomposite photocatalyst thin films with improved visible light activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A ternary Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /Bi/BiOCl Z-scheme heterostructure with ordered flower-like structure was successfully achieved. • The Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /Bi/BiOCl showed long lifetime of charge carriers and fast interfacial electron flow. • The Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /Bi/BiOCl photocatalyst can photodegrade RhB of ca. 99.20 % within 20 min. • The possible photodegradation route of RhB was proposed. • The mechanism was elucidated by combining the radicals quench experiments, ESR test with energy band structures. A ternary Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /Bi/BiOCl Z-scheme heterostructure with an ordered flower-like structure was synthesized by controlling KCl content using a facile solvothermal technique, and the photodegradation performance of RhB was investigated in detail. The photocatalytic results suggested that the Bi 2 O 2 CO 3 /Bi/BiOCl manifested an attractive photodegradation rate with 99.20 % of removal efficiency within 20 min of irrigation. The main reason was credited to the SPR effect of metallic Bi and the construction of Z-scheme heterojunction, endowing enhanced adsorption ability of visible light, long lifetime of charge carriers, and fast interfacial electron flow. Furthermore, the degradation pathways towards RhB were also elaborated via LC–MS. A possible photocatalytic mechanism was explored by combining the radicals quench experiments, ESR tests with energy band structures. The study will supply a potential candidate for the remediation of natural RhB wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The iron oxide film shows 60 % absorbance for harmful blue light from 400 to 450 nm. • The film exhibits 96 % transmittance for the other visible light. • The hydrophobic-modified film has good humid-heat stability. • The film has no distinguishable effect on display quality. • The film can effectively protect human ARPE-19 cells from blue light damage. With the increasing application of display and lighting devices, the potential injury to human eyes due to blue light has been attracting significant attention. While current anti-blue light films are complex, costly and low stability in humid environments. In this work, anti-blue light films were fabricated using iron oxide as blue light absorbent and polyvinylpyrrolidone as surfactant, under various Fe3+ concentrations and annealing temperatures. Particularly, the films annealed at 300 °C exhibited 60 % absorption rate of blue light in 400–450 nm wavelength range on average and still maintained 96 % transmittance to 500–800 nm visible light. Moreover, the films coated with 1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorodecyltriethoxysilane (FAS)-modified SiO 2 hydrophobic layer showed high hydrophobicity and sequential humid-heat stability. Meanwhile, no obvious changes occurred in transmittance spectra after keeping at 85 °C and 85 % relative humidity for 15 days. With the composite film covered, the color rendering index of the display screen decreased only 0.7 %, while the blue light weighted radiance decreased significantly by 37.1 %. Furthermore, cell experiments with composite films demonstrated that human retinal pigment epithelium cells were effectively protected from blue light injury. Overall, the composite films with high stability exhibited desired anti-blue light function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The photocatalytic degradation rate of TC using the 30% ZnS/Mn 0.08 -Bi 2 MoO 6 composite increased by 11.1 times and 3.7 times compared to pure Bi 2 MoO 6 and ZnS, respectively. • Mn doping and the modification of ZnS nanoparticles effectively improved the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charges. • Combining DFT calculations and experimental results revealed the photocatalytic mechanism of the 30% ZnS/Mn 0.08 -Bi 2 MoO 6 composite. Environmental pollution presents significant challenges to both human production and daily life. Photocatalytic technology offers a promising solution for environmental remediation, and Bi 2 MoO 6 is widely recognized as an excellent visible light photocatalyst for the degradation of organic pollutants. Nevertheless, the high recombination rate of photogenerated charge carriers in Bi 2 MoO 6 limits the number of charge carriers available for photocatalytic reactions, resulting in reduced photocatalytic efficiency. To overcome this limitation, we designed and synthesized a composite photocatalyst (30% ZnS/Mn 0.08 -Bi 2 MoO 6). Mn-doped Bi 2 MoO 6 nanosheets (Mn-Bi 2 MoO 6) were prepared through a simple coprecipitation method, and ZnS nanoparticles were introduced to modify the surface, forming a ZnS/Mn-Bi 2 MoO 6 composite photocatalyst. Experimental results demonstrated that the photocatalytic degradation rate of tetracycline using the 30% ZnS/Mn 0.08 -Bi 2 MoO 6 composite increased 11.1 times and 3.7 times compared with pure Bi 2 MoO 6 and ZnS, respectively. The formation of ZnS/Mn-Bi 2 MoO 6 heterojunction was confirmed through XRD, XPS, SEM, and TEM analyses. Furthermore, photoelectrochemical measurements, including photocurrent, EIS, and PL, indicated that Mn doping and the ZnS nanoparticle modification significantly improved the separation and transfer efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. DFT calculations and experimental results revealed the photocatalytic mechanism of the 30% ZnS/Mn 0.08 -Bi 2 MoO 6 composite. This study provides valuable theoretical and technical insights into photocatalyst modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A Bi 2 S 3 /MIL-101 (Fe) catalyst degrades tetracycline under visible light based on the current work. • Higher charge carrier separation accelerates the improvement of the photo-Fenton process. • The catalyst also has high recyclability and reusability over many regeneration cycles. • Superoxide as well as hydroxyl radicals are responsible for photocatalytic degradation step. Combining photocatalytic technology with the Fenton system may help overcome these technologies' limitations. Photo-Fenton catalysis is economical and eco-friendly. The Fe based heterogeneous photo-Fenton process appears to be a promising wastewater treatment technology. Herein, an Fe based metal–organic framework (MIL-101 (Fe)) was produced via hydrothermal processing. Subsequently, Bi 2 S 3 was loaded onto the surface of MIL-101 (Fe) to form a composite catalyst. A type-II heterojunction was established between MIL-101 (Fe) and Bi 2 S 3. The 10 % Bi 2 S 3 -loaded MIL-101 (Fe) (MBS-10) was effective in the photocatalytic degradation of tetracycline, particularly after H 2 O 2 addition. This outcome was due to the enhanced generation of radical species through the photo-Fenton process. The MBS-10 photocatalyst promoted Fe (II)/Fe (III) cycling in the presence of H 2 O 2 and under visible light irradiation. MBS-10 also showed a higher kinetic rate constant during the photocatalytic reaction compared to MIL-101 (Fe) and Bi 2 S 3 , suggesting enhanced activity through greater electron-hole separation. Furthermore, MBS-10 proved to be stable and reusable photocatalyst after four testing cycles. The charge-transfer mechanism was elucidated through radical scavenging experiments which demonstrated that superoxide and hydroxyl radicals are the major charge carriers. Therefore, the Bi 2 S 3 -MIL-101 (Fe) composite exhibits great potential for degrading tetracycline antibiotics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Constructing dual-channel carrier transfer to promote electron/hole separation. • AgBr/BiOBr/Ag 3 PO 4 heterojunction generates more reactive oxygen species. • AgBr/BiOBr/Ag 3 PO 4 heterojunction exhibits NO removal efficiency of 54.95%. Efficient and stable photocatalysts are indispensable for effectively reducing nitrogen oxide (NO x) emissions. This study presents a facile method for synthesizing AgBr/BiOBr/Ag 3 PO 4 composites and investigates their application in photocatalytic NO removal. The optimized composite exhibited notable performance, achieving 54.95 % removal of NO (approximately 568 ppb reduced to 256 ppb) under visible light irradiation, which is about 1.6 and 2.0 times higher than single Ag 3 PO 4 (34.95 %) and BiOBr (28.01 %), respectively. Comprehensive physicochemical characterization highlighted enhancements in light absorption and the generation of reactive radicals within the AgBr/BiOBr/Ag 3 PO 4 composite. The favorable electronic structure, characterized by well-aligned redox band positions, facilitated efficient dual carrier transport routes, thereby promoting the separation of photo-generated charge carriers. Additionally, in-situ DRIFTS analysis revealed that the composite facilitated the conversion of intermediates into nitrates during the NO purification process. This work contributes valuable insights into designing and preparing of ternary heterojunction photocatalysts with dual carrier transport channels, advancing strategies for achieving superior photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The optimal transition metal for decorating the surface of ZnO was shown to be nickel • The optimal grafting concentration was 0.5 wt.% • The clusters were below 2 nm in size and were identified as oxo-clusters • The improved reduction activity was due to the co-catalyst nature of the nickel clusters • Such material was immobilized onto glass beads and used in flow through mode to purify water under visible light The efficient visible light driven photocatalytic reduction of hexavalent chromium, Cr(VI) was demonstrated using ZnO nanoparticles (NPs) decorated with oxo-clusters of transition metals. The ZnO NPs were synthesized by a facile one-pot solvothermal synthesis followed by a fast microwave-assisted (MW) grafting of transition metals on the surface of NPs. Nickel was found to be the most active transition metal for photocatalytic activity as demonstrated by reduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III). The optimally grafted samples contained 0.5 wt% Ni and increased photocatalytic activity by almost one-fold. The oxo-clusters did not enter the lattice of ZnO but rather resided on the surface and their efficient bonding to the ZnO surface was proved by Raman, TEM and X-Ray absorption techniques. Influence of MW power was studied and shown that excessive power load leads to formation of elongated structures of ZnO which decreases the photocatalytic activity. It was demonstrated by measuring fluorescent radical products that electrons, efficiently transferred via oxygen, were the main active species in combination with the unchanged oxidation power of holes and •OH in the grafted samples. The applicability of the materials was tested in immobilized plug flow photoreactor system degrading five pharmaceuticals simultaneously where their long-term use was shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Bi 2 MmO 6 with double vacancies were prepared and used for photodegradation of LVF. • Effects of V O and V Bi are completely different, resulting in a synergistic effect. • The degradation of 40 mg/L LVF reached 88.36 % within 60 min by V Bi-O -BMO. • k value of V Bi-O -BMO was 0.0351 min−1, which is 3.2 times higher than bulk-BMO. • Intermediates and degradation pathways of LVF were speculated based on the LC-MS. Defect engineering advantages include regulating the band structure of photocatalytic materials, inhibiting the recombination of photoelectron-hole pairs, and promoting the conversion of photogenerated electrons into active radicals. In this paper, bismuth molybdate (Bi 2 MoO 6) photocatalysts with double vacancies (V Bi-O -BMO) were prepared by solvothermal and ionic eutectic solvent methods. EPR, TEM, and XPS results confirmed the successful construction of oxygen and bismuth vacancies on Bi 2 MoO 6. The photocatalytic performance of the prepared catalysts was investigated by photodegradation of levofloxacin hydrochloride (LVF) under visible light. The double vacancies markedly enhanced the photocatalytic properties of Bi 2 MoO 6 , with the photodegradation rate of V Bi-O -BMO reaching 88.36 % for 40 mg/L LVF within 60 min. Kinetic studies have demonstrated that the reaction rate constant of V Bi-O -BMO can reach 0.0351 min−1, which is 3.2 times higher than that of bulk-BMO. This can be attributed to the favorable synergistic effect of oxygen and bismuth double vacancies. V O not only captures oxygen and electrons, facilitating the generation of superoxide radicals (O 2 −), but also elevates the conduction band position and boosts the reduction capability of Bi 2 MoO 6. V Bi not only captures photogenerated holes (h+) to directly impact LVF degradation, but also promotes interfacial charge transfer and inhibits the recombination of electron-hole pairs. Furthermore, the intermediates and degradation pathways of LVF photodegradation were surmised based on the LC-MS analysis. The reaction mechanism of LVF photodegradation by V Bi-O -BMO was elucidated through the application of the free radical pathway. This study demonstrates a methodology for the creation of double vacancies in catalysts and the significant potential of V Bi-O -BMO for the remediation of antibiotic residues in water under visible light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of element doping, cocatalyst modification, and 2D/2D Z-scheme heterojunction construction in the Au-loaded BiVO 4 /P-doped g-C 3 N 4 composite for efficient photocatalytic CO 2 reduction to CO. [Display omitted] • A 2D/2D BiVO4/P-doped g-C3N4 Z-scheme heterojunction is delicately constructed. • The Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism is adequately validated. • Superior light absorption, efficient charge separation, and strong redox capacity are successfully achieved. • The Au loaded BiVO 4 /P-doped g-C 3 N 4 composite displays an eminent activity of photocatalytic CO 2 reduction to CO. Mimicking nature to fulfill the artificial conversion of CO 2 and H 2 O into solar fuels is an appealing tactic to alleviate energy scarcity and environmental concerns. However, obstacles such as inferior charge separation and light absorption of semiconductors, complex water dissociation, and high CO 2 activation energy barrier, immensely restrict photocatalytic CO 2 reduction activity. Herein, multi-strategy modifications including element doping, 2D/2D Z-scheme heterojunction construction, and cocatalyst loading, were integrated into an Au-loaded BiVO 4 /P-doped g-C 3 N 4 composite (Au-BVO/P-CN), which help the photocatalytic system to achieve superior visible light harvest, eminent charge separation, and robust redox capacity. The optimal Au-BVO/P-CN manifests eminent visible light photocatalytic CO 2 reduction activity with a CO yield of 20.87 µmol g−1 h−1. The Z-scheme mechanism in Au-BVO/P-CN is verified by the improved photocatalytic CO 2 reduction activity and free radical capture experiments. The progressively generated *COOH and *CO intermediates probed by in-situ infrared spectroscopy reveal the reason for high CO product selectivity. The synergistic benefits of multi-strategy modifications can inspire future photocatalyst design for efficient solar fuel production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The SrTiO 3 /Ti 3 C 2 T x photocatalysts with different Ti 3 C 2 T x loadings were prepared by hydrothermal method. Tetracycline hydrochloride was degraded by PMS activated under visible light. ST-10 activated PMS has the highest degradation activity under visible light and can be completely degraded within 10 min. The photodegradation rate constant of ST-10 was 12.41 times higher. Its satisfactory photocatalytic performance can be attributed to efficient interfacial charge separation, enhanced migration and separation of photogenerated electron-hole pairs, and the introduction of PMS can lead to the generation of more active free radicals. At the same time, the introduction of Ti 3 C 2 T x provides a highly active surface area for the redox reaction. The composite material has a good application prospect in the catalytic degradation of pollutants. [Display omitted] • The SrTiO 3 /Ti 3 C 2 T x heterostructures were constructed by partial surface oxidation of Ti 3 C 2 T x based on the introduction of (001)-TiO 2. • The characteristics of illumination and Ti 3 C 2 T x are beneficial to the separation of photogenerated carriers on the surface of SrTiO 3 /Ti 3 C 2 T x. • The SrTiO 3 /Ti 3 C 2 T x showed excellent TC-HCl degradation ability and stability in visible light activated PMS. Peroxymonosulfate (PMS) is a promising technology for increasing the oxidation capacity and promoting the production of active species in the photocatalytic system. SrTiO 3 , a material with a perovskite crystal structure in a cubic form, can activate PMS on its surface and generate non-radical 1O 2. Herein, SrTiO 3 /Ti 3 C 2 T x (ST) composites were successfully synthesized using a hydrothermal method based on SrTiO 3 materials. The photocatalytic activation of PMS resulted in the degradation of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC-HCl), with the ST-10 (10 wt% SrTiO 3 /Ti 3 C 2 T x) composite showing the highest efficiency in TC removal and rapid degradation kinetics, achieving complete TC removal within 10 min. The synergistic interaction between the two components in ST-10 significantly enhanced the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS), leading to an increased production of free radicals. The larger specific surface area and presence of –OH groups in the composite material facilitated the adsorption and chemical bonding of PMS molecules, thereby improving their overall performance. Quench experiments and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis identified •SO 4 −, •OH, •O 2 – and 1O 2 as the primary active species responsible for the degradation of TC. Additionally, the degradation pathway of TC was elucidated through mass spectrometry analysis. This study provides valuable insights for the development of effective photocatalysts as promising PMS catalysts in environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A flower-like Ag/Ag 6 Si 2 O 7 /Bi 12 O 17 Cl 2 plasmonic S-scheme heterojunction with is synthesized via a simple route. Under the synergistic cooperation of S-scheme heterostructure, and plasmonic effect, Ag/Ag 6 Si 2 O 7 /Bi 12 O 17 Cl 2 exhibits exceptional photocatalytic properties toward antibiotic destruction under visible light irradiation. [Display omitted] • A plasmonic S-scheme heterojunction of Ag/Ag 6 Si 2 O 7 /Bi 12 O 17 Cl 2 was synthesized. • Ag/Ag 6 Si 2 O 7 /Bi 12 O 17 Cl 2 manifests superb photo-activity for antibiotic removal. • The photocatalytic mechanism, antibiotic degradation process and toxicities are analyzed. • The combination of S-scheme junction and plasmonic effect accounts for the reinforced catalytic performance. Developing robust photocatalysts for photocatalytic environment decontamination is significant and challenging. A novel flower-like S-scheme Ag/Ag 6 Si 2 O 7 /Bi 12 O 17 Cl 2 (AASO/BOC) plasmonic heterojunction is successfully constructed using a facile route, and applied in photocatalytic destruction of tetracycline hydrochloride (TC) and levofloxacin (LEV) under visible-light irradiation. Benefiting from the combination of S-scheme Bi 12 O 17 Cl 2 /Ag 6 Si 2 O 7 heterojunction and the plasma Ag, the production and separation of photogenerated carriers are dramatically enhanced. Consequently, compared to the pristine Bi 12 O 17 Cl 2 and Ag 6 Si 2 O 7 , AASO/BOC displays superior photocatalytic degradation performance. Impressively, the photocatalytic TC degradation rate of AASO/BOC-2 reaches 0.0260 min−1, which is approximately 3.1, 14.4 and 2.0 times those of Bi 12 O 17 Cl 2 , Ag 6 Si 2 O 7 and Bi 12 O 17 Cl 2 /Ag 6 Si 2 O 7 , respectively. Moreover, the photocatalytic mechanism of TC degradation is studied in depth via various techniques, and the photogenerated OH, O 2 − and h+ collectively contribute to the photo-degradation of TC. This research puts forward a neoteric approach to designing plasmonic S-scheme photocatalysts for environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of type II heterojunction between singlet S and ZnIn 2 S 4 promoted the separation of photocarriers, and the doping of sulfur vacancies (S V) enhanced the absorption of the catalysts in the visible region, which improved the photocatalytic activity of ZnIn 2 S 4 for the degradation of tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA). [Display omitted] • Sulfur vacancies and type II heterojunction were constructed to promote the photocatalytic performance. • The excellent catalytic activity is attributed to strong visible light absorption and high carrier separation efficiency. • The degradation efficiency and rate of TBBPA are remarkably improved. Composites consisting of singlet S and sulfur vacancy − rich ZnIn 2 S 4 (S/S V -ZnIn 2 S 4) synthesized by a solvothermal method. The singlet S, grows on the surface of ZnIn 2 S 4 , forms a type II heterojunction with ZnIn 2 S 4 to promote the separation of the photocarriers. The doping of sulfur vacancies (S V) enhanced the absorption of the catalyst in the visible region, promoted the generation and separation of photogenerated carriers, and acted as active sites, improving the photocatalytic activity of ZnIn 2 S 4 for tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) degradation. The O 2 – acted as the reactive oxygen species to oxidatively degrade TBBPA until mineralization. Under visible light irradiation, the degradation rate reached 100 % in 12 min, which was three times higher than that of pristine ZnIn 2 S 4. The highest degradation amount is as high as ∼200 mg·g cat −1 at a speed of 16.60 mg·g cat −1·min−1. This work provides an efficient system for the degradation of TBBPA and achieves the highest concentration of TBBPA available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • NiFe LDH/AC with exposed layers and a carbon backbone were hydrothermally fabricated. • The synergy between NiFe LDH and AC improved the visible light MB degradation efficiency. • NiFe LDH/AC could remove 85–87% of MB from textile wastewater and 90–92% of MB in river water samples. • UPLC/MS data suggested that MB was mineralized into simpler fragments after 30 min of visible light irradiation. • NiFe LDH/AC structure remained intact suggesting the strong stability of the photocatalyst. The photocatalytic performance of the multilayered NiFe LDH/Activated Carbon was evaluated for the degradation of methylene blue (MB) in industrial textile wastewater, considering prior adsorption on the photocatalyst surface. The XRD, XPS, BET, TEM and FE-SEM results confirmed that the highly exposed mesoporous layers, carbon backbone, and interlayer anions serve as active sites responsible for the adsorption of MB dye due to the expected electrostatic interactions. Electrochemical methods such as CV, LSV and EIS revealed the improved conductivity and supported the interactions observed. Encouraged by these interactions, the irradiation of visible light enabled the degradation of methylene blue, and the degradation products were monitored using UPLC chromatograms and MS spectra. The removal efficiencies of the MB dye were found to be 17.5 %, 51.2 %, 67.1 %, 84.8 %, and 94.2 % due to photolysis, adsorption, and degradation on AC, NiFe LDH nanosheets, and NiFe LDH/AC nanocomposite, respectively. The results of the UPLC chromatograms and MS spectra suggested that MB was mineralized into simpler fragments after 30 min of visible light irradiation. Scavenging studies were examined using a series of scavenging agents. However, the maximum photodegradation was attained in the absence of the scavengers. The reusability studies showed that the MB photodegradation efficiency declined by 20.8 %, possibly due to the loss of the catalyst during the washing step. Nonetheless, the NiFe LDH/AC structure remained intact, suggesting the strong stability of the photocatalyst. The plausible degradation mechanism and probable degradation pathway of MB were outlined and supported by the chromatographs and MS results. The overall results suggest that photocatalysis of cationic dyes such as MB on NiFe LDH/AC should be encouraged to work towards sustainable solutions for textile water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Z-Scheme heterojunction 2D/2D SnO x /TiO 2 photocatalyst modified with OVs was prepared. • Notably, SnO x /TiO 2 exhibited excellent photocatalytic degrading MO performance. • Experimental and DFT results evince: Z-scheme heterojunction and OVs promoted photocatalytic reaction mechanism. A Z-Scheme heterojunction two-dimensional/two-dimensional (2D/2D) SnO x /TiO 2 photocatalyst modified with oxygen vacancies (OVs) was successfully prepared using a hydrothermal method. Compared with SnO x and TiO 2 , the optimized SnO x /TiO 2 heterojunction exhibited significantly higher photocatalytic activity for degrading methyl orange (MO). The apparent reaction rate of the SnO x /TiO 2 heterostructure under visible light illumination reached 1.8355 min−1, approximately 15.74 times higher than that of SnO x alone. The results confirmed the presence of abundant oxygen vacancies on SnO x /TiO 2 , which acted as electron traps accelerating electron transfer. Furthermore, analyses including UPS, ESR, and reactive active species trapping experiments indicating a Z-scheme heterojunction were presented between SnO x and TiO 2. According to density functional theory (DFT) calculations, the energy bands' alignment enabled the Z-scheme heterojunction formation, while the inherent electric field drove the reaction. The experimental and computational findings demonstrated that the combined influence of the Z-Scheme heterojunction and OVs enhanced the photocatalytic reaction mechanism, facilitating efficient electron transport and preserving charge carriers with excellent redox capability. And a possible mechanism degradation pathway of MO dye is proposed. This study serves as a source of inspiration for future endeavors in the design and development of Z-Scheme heterojunction photocatalysts incorporating oxygen vacancies, with the aim of achieving enhanced efficiency in environmental remediation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Rhombohedral phase of hematite and Si-doped films deposited on SiO 2 /Si substrate. • Correlation between elemental profile and phase established using GI-XRD and RBS techniques. • Suppression of two-magnon mode and surface FM confirmed in Si-doped hematite film. • The films with low reflectivity, high refractive index (2.23–2.61) and optical band gap (2.30–3.68 eV) can be used for anti-reflecting glass. • The Si doped hematite films with soft ferromagnetism applicable in spintronics devices. Thermal evaporation technique has been used to synthesize the α-Fe 2 O 3 (hematite) and Si-doped hematite films on three different substrates (SiO 2 /Si, Al 2 O 3 and quartz). The post-deposition heat treatment at 800 °C has further improved the crystalline nature of the films. Rutherford backscattering spectroscopy has provided information for surface elemental composition and depth profile. Raman spectra have supported the formation of rhombohedral phase and inter-layer diffusion between substrate and films. The x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy has confirmed the mixed-valence oxidation states for Fe ions and +4 state for the Si ions in Si-doped hematite films. The optical reflectance spectra in the UV–Visible region indicated contributions from the films and film-substrate interface. The Si-doping has enhanced soft ferromagnetic properties in the hematite film with noticeable decrease of the magnetic coercivity and increase of the magnetic moment. The films showed blocking of magnetization at lower temperatures, typically below 125 K, and a wide thermomagnetic irreversibility between zero-field cooled and field cooled magnetization curves. The modified surface chemical structure, ferromagnetism and optical properties in the Si doped hematite films promise their potential applications in spintronics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • CW laser direct writing into Ge-As-S bulk glasses with various CN. • three different wavelengths (447, 532 and 655 nm) used for the illumination. • the d p emerged as a critical factor for achieving the highest microelements height. • the microelements formation could be further enhanced by other parameters (T g , CTE). • homogenous microline and microlenses array successfully fabricated. CW laser direct writing was successfully performed into the Ge-As-S annealed bulk glasses having different mean coordination numbers (CN) ranging between 2.32 and 2.67. Visible light lasers operating at three different wavelengths (447, 532 and 655 nm) were used to determine the key parameters controlling the formation of microelements on the surface of studied glasses. The formation of the highest microlenses was induced for all samples by the laser operating at 532 nm, mainly due to the significant role of the optical penetration depth of the light used, which in this case was close to the sample thickness. The influence of other parameters (T g , CTE, structural arrangement inferred from Raman spectroscopy) that could further enhance the formation of microlenses was also discussed. The microlines and microlenses array, potentially applicable e.g. as passive optical elements, were formed for the sample with CN = 2.32, which provided the formation of the highest microlenses. The created microelements were characterized by energy-dispersive X-ray analysis and force spectroscopy to detect possible changes in their relevant properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • C 3 N 4 nanosheets with expansive delocalized π electron structure and enriched N vacancies was synthesized successfully. • Characterization of delocalized π electron structure and enriched N vacancies. • Insights into the relationship between chemical structure changes and delocalized π electron structure. For improving the essential photocatalytic H 2 evolution activity of C 3 N 4 , strategies via simultaneously modulating the delocalized π electron structure and defects are feasible but challenging. Herein, a C 3 N 4 nanosheets material defined as C 3 N 4 -NS-RN with expansive delocalized π electron structure and enriched N vacancies was synthesized successfully via a facile post heat treatment. Firstly, a precursor of C 3 N 4 nanosheets defined as C 3 N 4 -NS-PN with corrugate tri-s-triazine basal plane and abundant NH x groups in aromatic conjugate system was prepared. Fourier transform infrared spectra, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and nuclear magnetic resonance demonstrated C 3 N 4 -NS-PN had an enhanced delocalized π electron configuration via van der Waals coupling effect. However, the delocalization of π electrons across the basal plane was disturbed due to the corrugate conjugate plane. For further reconstructing delocalized π electron structure of C 3 N 4 -NS-PN, C 3 N 4 -NS-RN was synthesized via eliminating NH x groups and introducing enriched N vacancies in the conjugate system. Photoluminescence spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance verified C 3 N 4 -NS-RN had an enhanced delocalized π electrons structure than C 3 N 4 -NS-PN. The photocatalytic H 2 evolution activity of C 3 N 4 -NS-RN was steady and was about 1.8 and 6.1 times of C 3 N 4 -NS-PN and the bulk C 3 N 4 , respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • PVDF-based photocatalytic films were prepared by ink-jet printing. • TiO 2 @CQDs heterostructures were immobilized on the film surface. • The effective charge transfer interface of TiO 2 (i)@CQDs led to a high η at low loading. • The ks of PVDF/TiO 2 (i)@CQDs was improved by about 4.3 times. • The small and uniform catalyst improved photoactivity and prevented nozzle clogging. PVDF/TiO 2 @CQDs hybrid photocatalytic thin films were prepared by ink-jet printing. The printing ink was prepared with the TiO 2 , TiO 2 (s)@CQDs (surface composite), and TiO 2 (i)@CQDs (situ doping) nanoparticles as precursors, respectively. Compared to TiO 2 (s)@CQDs, TiO 2 (i)@CQDs has a smaller particle size (about 10.01 nm) and a narrower particle size distribution (6∼14 nm), which can improve the photocatalytic effect while avoiding nozzle clogging. The PVDF/TiO 2 (i)@CQDs hybrid film exhibited a high degradation efficiency (η) of 93.71 % for Rhodamine B (RhB) within 150 min under visible light with a catalyst load of only 0.49 wt%. The reaction rate constant (ks) of the PVDF/TiO 2 (i)@CQDs film was about 4.3 times higher than that of the PVDF/TiO 2 (s)@CQDs film. The small particle size of this S-scheme TiO 2 (i)@CQDs heterostructure nanoparticle and the more effective contact interface formed between TiO 2 and carbon quantum dots (CQDs) further facilitated electron transfer and enhanced photoactivity. The firmly immobilized catalysts on the Polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) film substrate through Ti-F coordination bonds ensured the reusability and stability of the photocatalytic film (the η of RhB still reached 88.05 % after 10 consecutive cycles). This work provides a new strategy for the application of ink-jet printing technology in photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Pr-doped ZnO nanostructured materials were prepared by electrospinning. • OTC photodegradation revealed a PSO rate constant of 1.165 × 10-1 L mg−1 min−1. • The process intensification led to a decrease in the half-life to 1 min. • TOC removal efficiency was found to be 60.79% • Excellent stability was found in the reuse tests for several cycles. Zinc oxide nanostructures doped with praseodymium (ZnO:Pr) at varying Pr content (0.05 % to 1.0 % w/w) were synthesized using the electrospinning-calcination technique. Comprehensive morphological and structural characterizations were conducted through SEM, XRD, and XPS analyses. In addition, diffuse reflectance and photoluminescence spectroscopy measurements were performed to assess the optical properties of materials. The produced photocatalysts (ZnO:Pr) were then employed for the degradation of methylene blue dye and oxytetracycline under visible-light irradiation. ZnO:Pr(0.1 %) demonstrated the best photocatalytic performance against methylene blue showing a pseudo-first-order rate constant of k = 3.630 × 10-2 min−1. Investigation of oxytetracycline photodegradation with ZnO:Pr(0.1 %) revealed a pseudo-second-order rate constant of k s = 1.165 × 10-1 L mg−1 min−1, resulting in a reaction half-life (τ ½) of approximately 1 min under optimal conditions. Total organic carbon and mass spectrometry analyses highlighted mineralization and identified the main reaction intermediates, respectively, for the oxytetracycline photodegradation. The photodegradation mechanism of oxytetracycline was proposed by the photocatalytic degradation measurements in the presence of scavengers such as hydroquinone and isopropanol. These nanostructures exhibited robust photocatalytic activity over multiple cycles, demonstrating excellent stability. This study underlines the promising potential of ZnO:Pr(0.1 %) as an efficient photocatalyst able to intensify the photodegradation of organic pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A bifunctional flexible SERS substrate is prepared. • SERS signal amplification and excellent sensitivity are achieved. • Rapid and efficient renewal is achieved under the visible light treatment. • The flexible substrate allows nondestructive and in-situ detection of real samples. Utilizing hydrothermal synthesis, TiO 2 and g-C 3 N 4 were grown on cotton fabric. Subsequently, Ag NPs were uniformly deposited on their surfaces to produce a Ag@g-C 3 N 4 /TiO 2 cotton fabric substrate (AGTC) with dual-functionalilites of photocatalytic reusability and SERS signal amplification. The introduction of TiO 2 and g-C 3 N 4 nanocomposites significantly enhances the SERS signal on the AGTC substrate for malachite green (MG) detection. The SERS signal on the AGTC substrate is 2.28 times stronger than that on the bare silver-modified cotton fabric, with a reduced detection limit of 6.74 × 10−13 M. Additionally, the Local Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR) effect induced by Ag NPs facilitates electron transfer among substrate components, markedly enhancing photocatalytic capability for degrading organic pollutants under visible light. Consequently, under visible light, the substrate rapidly degrades pollutants and reverts to a reusable state. Experimental results demonstrate the substrate's capability to continuously detect various concentrations and types of target substances, while maintaining high sensitivity. Leveraging the flexibility of cotton fabric, convenient wipe detection and self-cleaning experiments were conducted on the surfaces of different fish species, validating AGTC's outstanding sensitivity in real sample analysis. Therefore, as a flexible and reusable SERS substrate, AGTC exhibits broad potential applications in both SERS detection and photocatalytic degradation of pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Surface-immobilization of a novel and low-toxic (germanium-based) photoinitiator. • Surface-initiated photopolymerization upon visible light. • Spherically shaped and mesoporous silica nanoparticles with visible light sensitive properties. • Organic-inorganic materials with polymer brush layer and adjustable polymer content. • Favourable method for visible-light triggered surface-initiated polymerization. In recent decades, there has been a growing interest in surface modifications utilizing "grafting-from" techniques within both industrial and academic fields. Among others, this technology continues to drive innovation in biomedicine, enabling the design and fabrication of advanced materials and devices with tailored properties for a wide range of applications, from regenerative medicine and drug delivery to diagnostics and therapeutics. This strategy relies on the covalent attachment of (photo)initiating species to surfaces. The coupled initiators are exploited to produce reactive sites such as radicals upon exposure to heat or light. Subsequently, polymerization reactions are induced, leading to surface coupled polymer brushes. In order to provide new perspectives in surface modification techniques, we present a novel and unique method for producing mesoporous organic/inorganic hybrid nanoparticles via the "grafting-from" method. This was accomplished by immobilizing a novel, low-toxic and visible light sensitive photoinitiator (based on triacylgermanium moieties) onto silica nanoparticles. Surface-initiated photopolymerizations of styrene and acrylate monomers were conducted to produce polymer shells on the surface of the nanoparticles. The grafted layers had a thickness in the range of 6–12 nm. Furthermore, the polymer grafting density is discussed in detail ranging between 0.17 and 0.23 chains per square nanometer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The built-in electric field is established in the lattice-matched Delafossite-based heterogeneous interfaces, providing rapid and smooth charge migration and transfer via the Z-scheme pathways. [Display omitted] • The lattice-matched Delafossite-based core–shell CuRhO 2 @CuGaO 2 heterojunction was designed and constructed. • The Z-scheme charge transfer mechanism between CuRhO 2 and CuGaO 2 was proposed. • Lattice matching is beneficial for the rapid and smooth transfer and migration of charge carriers. • CuRhO 2 @CuGaO 2 shows high photocurrent density and photocatalytic activity for tetracycline antibiotics degradation. The establishment of heterojunctions at phase interfaces represents a pivotal strategy for enhancing photocatalytic performance. However, the inferior interfacial contact caused by the mismatch of crystal structure or lattice parameters seriously hampers the rapid and smooth migration of charge carriers in traditional heterojunctions. In this work, a tightly integrated Delafossite-based core–shell CuRhO 2 @CuGaO 2 heterojunction was judiciously designed and constructed via a hydrothermal approach. Experimental and density-functional theory calculation results co-unravel that the built-in electric field is established in the lattice-matched heterogeneous interfaces, thereby providing smooth interface charge separation and transfer via the Z-scheme pathways. Benefitting from the heterojunction effect and unique core–shell coupling architecture, the strong visible light absorption and fast spatial charge transfer are realized in the CuRhO 2 @CuGaO 2 heterostructure. The photocurrent density of the CuRhO 2 @CuGaO 2 heterojunction is nearly 1.25 and 3.75 times those of pristine CuRhO 2 and CuGaO 2 , respectively. As a result, the CuRhO 2 @CuGaO 2 heterostructure reveals an excellent photocatalytic degradation rate of tetracycline hydrochloride, achieving a 3.02 and 2.38-fold improvement than those of the CuRhO 2 and CuGaO 2 , respectively. This work is expected to pave the way for novel insights into the design of efficient heterojunction photocatalysts to steer the rapid photocarrier flows across the heterointerface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • The PGM coatings were fabricated by a simple physical grinding method. • The PGM coatings exhibit outstanding antibacterial properties under visible light. • The PGM coatings shows excellent photovoltaic conversion performance. • The possible antifouling mechanism of PGM coatings was proposed. Biofouling is a major problem in the marine sector, motivating the development of environmentally friendly antifouling coatings. In this study, MoS 2 /g-C 3 N 4 /PANI-CAS (PGM) coatings with excellent photoelectric properties were successfully prepared by a simple physical grinding method, with the antibacterial inhibition performance of the coatings evaluated against E. coli and S. aureus. Photocurrent measurements showed a compositionally-optimized MoS 2 /g-C 3 N 4 /PANI-CAS coating (PGM-3) to offer a very high photocurrent density (25 µA/cm2) and low electrochemical impedance (approximately 82 Ω) under visible light irradiation. Antibacterial tests revealed the PGM coatings to offer excellent antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli (E. coli) and Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), with the PGM-3 delivering inhibition activities of 99.61 % and 98.13 %, respectively, under photoelectric conditions. This study demonstrates the excellent antifouling potential of PGM coatings as antifouling coatings with potential for use in marine applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic activity of 0.05 g catalyst to 10 m L 1 mg/L HCHO solution for 1h at 25 °C (a)and the concentration curves of CdS, CeO 2 , (H/C-CdS)/CeO 2 and Co–(H/C-CdS)/CeO 2 with degradation time. [Display omitted] • HCHO conversion rate arrived at 99.5 % in 1 h at room temperature under visible light. • A cobalt-doped (H/C-CdS)/CeO 2 catalyst with a high visible light catalytic activity. • Type II heterojunction between CdS NPs and CeO 2 NS for separation of e-/h+. • Dispersion of CdS NPs broadening the light absorption range and exposing active sites. • Close contact shortening the migration distance of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. The visible light catalytic oxidation of formaldehyde (HCHO) at room temperature is of great interest for improving the indoor air quality. Here, a cobalt (Co)-doped CdS-based catalyst ((H/C-CdS)/CeO 2) with high visible light catalytic activity was successfully synthesized for HCHO removal at room temperature. Co addition enhanced the catalytic activity of (H/C-CdS)/CeO 2 , and the HCHO conversion rate reached 99.5 % for a 1 mg/L aqueous HCHO solution on the Co–(H/C-CdS)/CeO 2 catalyst after 1 h at room temperature under visible light, which was greater than that of (H/C-CdS)/CeO 2 (92.0 %). The (H/C-CdS)/CeO 2 and Co–(H/C-CdS)/CeO 2 catalysts were systemically characterized, and the results showed that the interfacial phase junction between the hexagonal (H) and cubic (C) phases of the CdS nanoparticles (NPs) and the synergistic effect of the type II heterojunction between the CdS NPs and CeO 2 nanosheets (NSs) promoted the separation of e-/h+. Moreover, the addition of Co species strongly promoted the separation of photogenerated carriers. The excellent photocatalytic activity was attributed to the good dispersion of CdS NPs, which broadened the light absorption range, exposed more active sites, and provided close contact, decreasing the migration distance of photogenerated electron-hole pairs. After that, the visible light catalytic oxidation mechanism of HCHO on both (H/C-CdS)/CeO 2 and Co–(H/C-CdS)/CeO 2 followed the reaction pathway of HCHO to (CO 2 + H 2 O). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A soft-hard template cooperative organization approach for simultaneous introduction of mesoporous and nitrogen defects into g-C 3 N 4. • The method greatly increases the specific surface area of g-C 3 N 4 through mesopore connectivity. • The combination of soft and hard template creates a large number of nitrogen defects. • This material has excellent adsorption and catalytic properties. The mesoporous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) was prepared by a facile soft-hard template cooperative organization approach to creating pores, with the melamine used as the precursor, and the mixture of silica sol and F127 was employed as mesoporous templates. Nitrogen-deficient mesoporous g-C 3 N 4 samples were obtained by modifying the addition of F127. In addition, samples prepared with combined templates (FMCN-x) were compared with those using only soft (FCN) and hard (MCN) templates, and the results showed there was a significant increase in specific surface area and photocatalytic performance. Among them, sample FMCN-4 exhibited the maximum specific surface area of 104.18 m2/g and pore volume of 0.346 cm3/g. The presence of F127 enhances the pore formation effect of the silica sol, resulting in even higher specific surfaces with even smaller additions of silica sol. This situation reduces the amount of template etchant used subsequently and produces it in a more environmentally friendly cooperative organization. On the other hand, the soft-hard template cooperative organization approach introduced nitrogen defects in the g-C 3 N 4 material, and the C/N ratio increased to 1.09 for FMCN-4, which improved the photocatalytic performance. FMCN-4 exhibited 95.71 % degradation efficiency to methyl orange in 90 min under simulated visible light irradiation. FMCN-4 also exhibits excellent visible light photocatalytic properties and good cycling stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Different contents of Pt were incorporated into TiO 2 structures and annealed at various temperatures. • Pt at 0.096 wt% boosted the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO 2 for acetaldehyde oxidation. • The 130 °C annealed sample showed the highest activity at various humidity values (0, 30, 60 % RH). • Unique single-Pt-atom structure coordinated with ammonia or ammonium species on a TiO 2 lattice. • Unique photocatalytic structures affect the activity by controlling Pt content and annealing temperatures. The effects of incorporation of various amounts of Pt into TiO 2 photocatalysts on the removal of acetaldehyde under visible light and 60% RH were investigated. Pt at 0.096 wt% boosted the photocatalytic efficiency of TiO 2 , while further increased Pt amount resulted in a decrease in activity. The enhanced activity can be ascribed to small amounts of Pt and dispersed individual Pt atoms on TiO 2. Furthermore, among the 0.096 wt% Pt-TiO 2 samples with diverse annealing temperatures (100, 130, 200, 375, and 525 °C), the 130 °C annealed sample exhibited the highest activity at various humidity values (0, 30, and 60% RH). This superior performance can be attributed to its unique single-Pt-atom structure coordinated with ammonia or ammonium species on a TiO 2 lattice, as evidenced by TOF-SIMS results. Our findings show how unique photocatalytic structures alter catalytic activity by controlling Pt content and annealing temperatures, which will be critical for real-world applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • A series of novel nanohybrids of g-C 3 N 4 /UiO-66 heterojunctions was synthesized. • The nanohybrids shows excellent activity in photocatalytic degradation of organic dyes. • Degradation rate of the nanohybrids is much faster than g-C 3 N 4 and UiO-66 alone. • The possible photocatalytic mechanism of RhB was proposed and confirmed. • DFT calculations were carried out to confirm the heterojunction structure and photocatalysis mechanism. In this research, a novel composite of typical Zr-based metal–organic frameworks (UiO-66) with porous graphitic carbon nitride (g-C 3 N 4) was prepared by an in-situ preparation method. The g-C 3 N 4 /UiO-66 nanohybrids (CNU-0.5chieved almost 100 % efficiency in the degradation of RhB (60 mg/L, 100 mL) within 70 min under visible light, which was 6.46 and 10.56 times faster than that of pure g-C 3 N 4 and UiO-66, respectively. The improved photocatalytic properties were attributed to the large surface area, enhanced optical adsorption ability and the creation of heterojunction between g-C 3 N 4 and UiO-66. The formation of the heterojunction structure enhanced the photoelectron transfer efficiency and reduced the recombination of electron/hole pairs. Furthermore, the trapping experiments showed that •O 2 –, h+ and •OH were the active species in the photodegradation process, with •O 2 – playing a dominant role. This study offers valuable insights into the preparation of MOF-based photocatalysts with exceptional effectiveness for the removal of contaminants in wastewater treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • • Polyethylene glycol (PEG − 10000) surfactant-assisted dispersion of p-Ag 2 O particles. • • Fabrication of various p-xAg 2 O − n-(1 − x)BTO composites through microwave-assisted hydrothermal and precipitation approaches. • • The PEG − 10000-treated composite (x ≈ 63.0 mol%) exhibiting the most promising rhodamine B photodegradability under visible light (almost 100 % degradation in 90 min). • • Energy-band diagram to elucidate the plausible mechanism responsible for the activity. • • Our samples under visible light outperforming other similar literature-reported samples under solar light. This paper reports the use of microwave-assisted hydrothermal and precipitation approaches to prepare a composite from a polyethylene glycol (PEG − 10000) surfactant-assisted dispersion of p-Ag 2 O particles in conjunction with n-BaTiO 3 (n-BTO) for use in visible-light photocatalytic applications. The conductivities of p-Ag 2 O and n-BTO were determined through Mott–Schottky measurements and verified using energy band diagrams. Various PEG − 10000-treated and untreated (1 − x)BTO − xAg 2 O (x ≈ 57.0, 63.0, and 75.0 mol%, determined using Rietveld refinement) composites were prepared. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy was used to determine the valence states and binding energies of the constituent elements in the various composites. Scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and particle-size distribution measurements revealed that Ag 2 O is excellently dispersed in the PEG − 10000-treated composite, which exhibited a remarkable surface area (≈10 m2⋅g−1) and pore volume (≈0.05 cm3⋅g−1) at x ≈ 63.0 mol%. All composites exhibited effective and reliable visible-light energy-harvesting capabilities. The PEG − 10000-treated composite (x ≈ 63.0 mol%) exhibited the most promising rhodamine B photodegradability, attributable to the formation of abundant p − n junctions and the effective absorption of visible light. An energy-band diagram was constructed to elucidate the potential mechanism responsible for this remarkable activity. Under visible light, our samples outperformed other similar and representative literature-reported samples under solar light. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • H-CdS cubes in H-CdS/MoS 2 HNSs leaded to enhanced light absorption efficiency through multi-scattering. • MoS 2 sheets in H-CdS/MoS 2 HNSs provided active catalytic sites for reduction reactions. • Intimate interfaces between H-CdS cubes and MoS 2 sheets leaded to enhanced charge transfer capability. • H-CdS/MoS 2 HNSs exhibited a significant boost in hydrogen evolution and pollutant degradation rates under visible light. Formation of intimate interfaces in semiconductor-based heteronanostructures (HNSs) is widely adopted to enhance the efficiency of photocatalytic hydrogen evolution via water splitting because of their efficient light harvesting, charge carrier separation, and transfer capability originating from intimate interface. Here, we employ a multi-step approach, involving the direct growth of the photocatalytically active semiconductor (Cu 2 O) on MoS 2 sheets, along with anion exchange and cation exchange methods to design hollow CdS cube/MoS 2 sheet HNSs (H-CdS/MoS 2 HNSs) consisting of intimate interfaces between hollow CdS cubes and MoS 2 sheets. These distinctive morphological and compositional features endow H-CdS/MoS 2 HNSs with exceptional charge transfer capability, intrinsic catalytic activity, and light-harvesting capacity. Consequently, H-CdS/MoS 2 HNSs demonstrate significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance and stability for hydrogen evolution reactions and pollutant degradation under visible light irradiation compared to their binary and unary photocatalyst counterparts. This design strategy demonstrates the significance of forming intimate interfaces using hollow semiconductors in HNSs for advanced photocatalysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Simple methods of impregnation and thermal treatment are used to synthesis PGPI composites. • PGPI composites modified by PG8 have a strong π-π stacked crystalline structure. • Photo-Fenton synergistic catalytic system accelerates Fe2+/Fe3+ cycling and effectively inhibits photogenerated carrier recombination. • PGPI composites possess high photo-Fenton catalyzed oxidative degradation efficiency driven by visible light. Composite material (PGPI) of polyimide (PI) modified by C.I. Pigment Green 8 (PG8) were prepared by solid-phase thermal polycondensation, impregnation and thermal treatment. The introduction of PG8 enhanced the π-π stacked crystalline structure and the visible light absorption of PI. The photo-Fenton synergistic system can effectively increase the decomposition efficiency of H 2 O 2 , accelerate Fe2+/Fe3+ cycling and reduce the recombination of photogenerated carriers. The synergistic oxidative removal of TH (Tetracycline hydrochloride, 50 ppm) by PGPI after 40 min under visible-light irradiation was 95.1 %, which was significantly better than that of the photocatalysis alone (40.7 %) and the Fenton reaction alone (55.0 %). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study demonstrated for the first time that the presence of Brønsted acidic sites on the surface of clay minerals is conducive to the formation of N vacancies and dopant O in carbon nitride composites (CNM-30). The synergistic effect of N vacancy and doped O increases the specific surface area of CNM-30, enhances the electron-hole separation and transport efficiency, and ultimately makes CNM-30 produce more reactive oxygen species to degrade NO. [Display omitted] • Acid treatment and high-temperature calcination control to form Brønsted acidic sites on the surface of mullite. • Brønsted acidic site provides proton to improve g-C 3 N 4 structure. • The effect of oxygen doping and nitrogen vacancies accelerates the separation of charges. • Efficient degradation of NO, Rhodamine B, and tetracycline by reactive oxygen species. Clay minerals are considered promising semiconductor carrier materials due to their unique physical and chemical properties. However, the exact mechanism by which clay minerals interact with semiconductor materials remains unknown. To this end, the present study was conducted to explore the formation of Brønsted acidic sites on the surface of mullite by modulating the cation types in mullite. It was hereby demonstrated for the first time that the presence of Brønsted acidic sites on the surface of clay minerals is conducive to the formation of N vacancies and dopant O in carbon nitride composites (CNM-30). The synergistic effect of N vacancy and doped O increases the specific surface area of CNM-30, enhances the electron-hole separation and transport efficiency, and ultimately makes CNM-30 produce more reactive oxygen species. CNM-30 possesses excellent degradation ability for gaseous phase pollutants (such as NO) and high concentration liquid phase pollutants (such as RhB and TC). Overall, this paper presents a new perspective on the design and development of semiconductor materials based on clay minerals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An S-scheme BiOCl/ZnCrZr-layered bimetallic oxide (BiOCl/ZnCrZr-LBMO) heterojunction was constructed with high photocatalytic degradation activity and applied for efficient removal of bisphenol A. [Display omitted] • S-scheme BiOCl/ZnCrZr-LBMO heterojunction was successfully constructed. • BiOCl/ZnCrZr-LBMO degraded 90.1 % of bisphenol A within60 min. • The photocatalytic degradation mechanism of BiOCl/ZnCrZr-LBMO towards BPA was proposed. • The degradation intermediates were analyzed, and the possible degradation pathways of BPA were proposed. Constructing heterogeneous photocatalysts to enhance the visible light absorption and photo-generated charge carrier separation for efficient degradation of organic pollutants in water samples remained a significant challenge. An S-scheme BiOCl/ZnCrZr-layered bimetallic oxide (LBMO) heterojunction was constructed by depositing BiOCl nanoparticles on ZnCrZr-LBMO. The characterization of material samples were by XRD, SEM, TEM, XPS, FTIR, UV–Vis-DRS, transient photocurrent response, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The photocatalytic efficiency of BiOCl/ZnCrZr-LBMO heterojunction was obviously improved, about 3.95 and 1.68 folds higher than that of pristine BiOCl and ZnCrZr-LBMO, respectively. The fast separation and migration and the prolonged lifetime of photo-generated carriers in the BiOCl/ZnCrZr-LBMO heterojunction were validated by photoelectrochemical tests. The influence factors, versatility, and reusability of the heterojunction were also evaluated. Free radical scavenging test and ESR experiment revealed that ·O 2 – and h+ active radicals were the dominant active radicals in the BPA degradation. Additionally, BPA degradation intermediates were detected by LC-MS, and the possible degradation pathway of BPA was deduced using density functional theory. This novel S-scheme model heterojunction was expected to provide new ideas for the study of the photocatalytic mechanism and the BPA removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Low-cost FVC photocatalysts were successfully prepared using two-step hydrothermal method. • The prepared FVC photocatalysts exhibited a narrow bandgap of 2.0 eV and a wide light absorption range of 400 ∼ 700 nm. • Rapid transfer of photogenerated electrons through carbon media in FVC photocatalysts. • CSB, FV, and PMS had synergistic effect on promoting OFX degradation under visible light. • Gradual decrease in the toxicity of OFX intermediates. Biochar is recognized as a good medium for promoting photogenerated charge separation in photocatalysts. In this study, the FeVO 4 /coconut shell biochar (CSB) composites (FVC) were prepared through a cost-effective hydrothermal approach to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) for the degradation of ofloxacin (OFX). Incorporated CSB expanded the light absorption range of FVC by approximately 100 nm, and the band gap energy of FVC was reduced to 2.00 eV. Measurements through linear scanning voltammetry (LSV) and current–time (IT) chronoamperometric further confirmed that the accelerated electron transmission rate boosted PMS oxidation, which was attributed to the role of CSB acting as a mediator. Importantly, OFX degradation was significantly boosted by CSB, FV, and PMS synergistically. FVC had a significant OFX degradation efficiency under visible light irradiation (95.2 %) compared to FV (70.9 %), CSB (57.8 %) and PMS (30.5 %). Moreover, the h+, 1O 2 , ·O2–, ·OH, and SO 4 ·− were the main active species, whose degradation pathways were explored and the toxicity of the intermediates was assessed. Furthermore, the as-obtained FVC exhibited a remarkable stability and reusability. This work provides new insights into the mechanism of biochar-mediated charge transfer for antibiotic degradation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Composite materials comprising nitrogen-doped graphene quantum dots (N-GQDs) modified graphite nitride nanosheets (g-CN) were successfully synthesized via electrostatic adsorption. These N-GQDs not only exhibit uniform dispersion across the g-CN surface but also significantly enhance the number of active sites available. Functioning as co-catalysts, N-GQDs efficiently optimize electron migration pathways, resulting in heightened photocatalytic activity and excellent reproducibility within the composites. Notably, the photocatalytic degradation is attributed to the contributions of ·O 2 , 1O 2 , ·OH, and h+. Furthermore, examining the composite performance under varying pH levels and ionic interferences is pivotal for realizing the practicality of environmental photocatalysis applications. [Display omitted] • The synergistic interaction between N-GQD/CN enhanced the photocatalytic performance for various pollutants and improved light absorption. • N-GQD/CN facilitated charge migration, with the active species identified as ·O 2 –, 1O 2 , ·OH and h+. • The influence of N-GQD/CN on organic pollutant degradation was assessed by simulating a real water environment. Photocatalysis has been prominently featured as a promising technology for solving environmental problems and energy crises. The incorporation of supported non-metallic cocatalysts is paramount in significantly augmenting the efficiency and performance of semiconductor photocatalysis. N-GQD/CN was successfully prepared and showed excellent performance in terms of light-absorbing capacity, carrier separation efficiency and visible-light driving. The findings underscore the exceptional photocatalytic prowess of the 0.02 wt.% N-GQD/CN composites, particularly in the degradation of RhB, HCl-TC, and BPA under visible light irradiation. The 0.02 wt.% N-GQD/CN composite could eliminate 91.2 % RhB in 90 min, remove 72.4 % of the HCl-TC in 180 min, and degrade 47.9 % of the BPA in 4 h. All of the activities of the 0.02 wt.% N-GQD/CN was superior to that of the monomer g-CN. This elevated photocatalytic performance can be predominantly attributed to the N-GQDs acting as co-catalysts. These N-GQDs possess substantial specific surface areas, effectively enhancing light absorption and facilitating synergistic interactions with g-CN nanosheets. Exploring the utility of N-GQD/CN using ionic interference and pH photocatalysis experiments. The present work provides a rational strategy for designing 0D/2D photocatalysts with improved visible light activity for environmental applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Well-designed CDs modified FeP shows the photocatalytic performance for H 2 production reached 33.85 μmol/h/g, which improved significantly compared to that of the pristine FeP (6.65 μmol/h/g). The presence of CDs in the system enhances the electron sink effect, facilitating the efficient transfer of photogenerated electrons from FeP to the CDs. This electron transfer process subsequently drives the surface photoreduction of H+ on the CDs surface, leading to the generation of H 2. [Display omitted] • CDs/FeP with urch-like structure shows effective photoelectrochemical properties. • CDs/FeP possesses the light-responsive photocatalytic activity for overall water splitting. • The catalytic mechanism of the CDs/FeP catalyst for the overall water splitting was clarified. Iron phosphide (FeP), as a low-cost and high-performance phosphide, not only has good stability but also possesses broad optical absorption, which can be used as a visible light or even near-infrared photocatalyst. However, their limited photocatalytic performance arises from the rapid charge recombination and a scarcity of active sites. Here, FeP was modified by introducing carbon dots (CDs), and the photocatalytic performance for H 2 production of CDs/FeP reached 33.85 μmol/h/g, which improved significantly compared to that of the pristine FeP (6.65 μmol/h/g). The catalytic reaction goes through a 4-electron passway, which generates O 2 and H 2 simultaneously. CDs can not merely accelerate the interfacial charge delivery rate, but also can rapidly store photogenerated electrons, reducing the recombination of electrons and holes to improve the photocatalytic performance of FeP. This work provides a new perspective on enhancing the photocatalytic water activity of phosphides by improving electron transfer at the phosphide interface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly efficient cooperative furfuryl alcohol conversion and H 2 evolution in one photoredox cycle over 1D/2D Mn x Cd 1-x S/Ti 3 C 2 MXene Schottky junction. [Display omitted] • A 1D/2D Mn x Cd 1-x S/Ti 3 C 2 MXene photocatalyst is synthesized. • Furfural synthesis coupled with H 2 production is conducted in one photoredox cycle. • Schottky junction structure facilitates the separation and transfer of photoinduced carriers. • A tentative mechanism for cooperative furfuryl alcohol conversion and H 2 evolution is proposed. Selective and efficient photocatalytic transformation of biomass-derived platform molecules to high-value-added fuels or chemicals is a great challenge for green chemistry, especially utilizing visible light energy and earth-abundant catalytic materials. In this work, we report a 1D/2D Mn x Cd 1-x S/Ti 3 C 2 (MCSTC-X) Schottky junction structure to achieve efficient photocharge separation/transfer via in-situ interfacial self-assembly strategy. Under visible light illumination, the optimized MCSTC-7.5 catalyst enables the selective conversion of furfuryl alcohol into furfural with a production rate of 764.3 μmol·g−1·h−1, accompanied by water splitting into H 2 with a generation rate of 756.5 μmol·g−1·h−1. Benefiting from the internal electric field in the Schottky junction structure, the efficient separation and transfer of photoinduced charge carriers are realized in one photoredox cycle. Moreover, a plausible reaction mechanism for the photocatalytic selective valorization of furfuryl alcohol to furfural and H 2 evolution is proposed. Hopefully, this work would open a new avenue for sustainable and practical production of solar chemicals and fuels by rationally designing 1D/2D Schottky junction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

[Display omitted] • Oxygen vacancy of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 was in situ generated and regulated by β particles. • Introduction of oxygen vacancies improves the photocatalytic performance of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12. • Oxygen vacancy enhances PDS adsorption and dominates PDS activation. • Synergistic interaction of radicals and non-radicals enhances CIP degradation. • The activation mechanism of Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 on PDS was elucidated. The key to enhancing the activation efficiency of peroxydisulfate (PDS) lies in facilitating the adsorption of PDS and accelerating the rate of electron transfer at the interface. In this work, the oxygen vacancy (Ovs) concentration of ultrathin Bi 4 Ti 3 O 12 (BTO) was controlled in situ by high-energy electron beam bombardment. BTO V -300 exhibited a significant activation effect on PDS. The degradation rate constant (k obs) for the removal of ciprofloxacin (CIP) was measured to be 0.2080 min−1 under visible light irradiation, which was 3.71 times greater than that of the original BTO. Density functional theory calculations uncovered the principal role of oxygen vacancies as active sites for PDS activation. Introducing OVs significantly boosted the adsorption energy of PDS on BTO and lengthened the O O bond of PDS. This study represents the potential mechanism behind the activation of PDS by BTO V and provides valuable insights for enhancing the photoactivation efficiency of PDS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]