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Abstract: Particles were generated from glycerol that was irradiated at atmospheric pressure using a mid-infrared optical parametric oscillator at wavelengths between 2.6 and 3.8μm. The size distribution and quantity of ejected particles with diameters larger than 300nm were measured using an aerodynamic particle sizer. At a given fluence, the particle concentration roughly tracked the infrared absorption spectrum of liquid glycerol. The threshold fluence for particle formation varied between 1000 and 5000J/m2 throughout the measured wavelength range and the minimum fluence corresponds to the IR absorption maxima of glycerol. The mean particle size roughly tracks the inverse of the IR absorption and smaller particles are observed at the greatest IR absorption. The material ejection mechanism is interpreted as an explosive boiling process in the stress confinement regime. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A novel TOF-SIMS apparatus was designed and constructed aiming at single small particle analysis. The apparatus consisted of high lateral resolution TOF-SIMS part and SEM function for seeking analytical target. A pulsed Ga-focused ion beam (FIB) was also newly developed for this purpose based on state-of-the art ion optics. Secondary ion yield of Al was 1.8×10−2 which is high enough small area analysis, and mass resolution was also acceptable for element analysis. The most prominent feature, lateral resolution, was demonstrated to be 40nm in actual mapping of an IC cross-section. As an application aerosol particles were analyzed individually. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]