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During the last decades, an important line of public health research has focused on the influence of socioeconomic position (SEP) on the quality of life (QoL) of individuals. While most studies have investigated the association between contemporary SEP and QoL, the present study investigated the association between SEP within the first year of life and QoL in midlife. The study population comprised all live-born singletons from the Copenhagen Perinatal Cohort (CPC; 1959–1961), who participated in a 50-year follow-up examination in 2009–2011 (N = 2079). Infant SEP was measured by a composite SEP indicator in the CPC 1-year examination. QoL was measured in the 50-year examination by the participants' scores on three different and complementary measures of QoL: The Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS) and the Vitality Scale of the MOS 36-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) as well as by their answers to the question: "How is your quality of life at the moment?". Linear regression and ordinal logistic regression were used to estimate the association between infant SEP and QoL in midlife. The results showed that infant SEP was positively associated with all three measures of QoL in midlife, albeit only the associations with the SWLS and the Vitality Scale were statistically significant. In conclusion, infant SEP appears to exert a lasting influence on QoL in midlife. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]