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Natural-abundance phosphomolybdic acid (H 3 (Mo 12 PO 40) ‧12H 2 O, 0.181–0.552 g Mo/mL) solutions were irradiated with 12.9 MeV protons on a GE PETtrace cyclotron using an adapted standard liquid target. Technetium-94m (94mTc) was produced through the 94Mo(p,n)94mTc nuclear reaction with saturation yields of up to 53 ± 6 MBq/μA. End of bombardment activities of 161 ± 17 MBq and 157 ± 7 MBq were achieved for the 0.552 g Mo/mL solution (10 μA for 30 min) and 0.181 g Mo/mL solution (15 μA for 60 min), respectively. No visible degradation of the niobium target body and foil were seen during the irradiations of up to 15 μA for 60 min. The produced 94mTc was separated from the target phosphomolybdic acid solution with >98% recovery using an aqueous biphasic extraction resin. Compared to previous reported liquid target methods for 94mTc production, the better production yield, in-target solution stability during irradiation and 94mTc separation recovery of phosphomolybdic acid makes it a very promising target material for routine clinical 94mTc production at medical facilities with liquid targets already installed for 18F production. • 94mTc could bring the benefits of Tc-tracer research to the field of total body PET. • Optimised production of 94mTc in cyclotron liquid target. • Proton-irradiation of phosphomolybdic acid with saturation yields up to 53 MBq/μA. • Excellent Tc/Mo separation using aqueous biphasic extraction resin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to increased demand, cyclotron has an expanding role in producing Gallium-68 (68Ga) radiopharmaceuticals using solid and liquid targets. Though the liquid target produces lower end-of-bombardment activity compared to the solid target, our study presents the performance of 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals production using the liquid target by evaluating the end-of-bombardment activity and the end-of-purification activity of [68Ga]GaCl 3. We also present the effect of increasing irradiation time, which significantly improves the end-of-synthesis yield. From the result obtained, the end-of-bombardment activity produced was 4.48 GBq, and the [68Ga]GaCl 3 end-of-purification activity produced was 2.51 GBq with below-limit metallic impurities. Increasing the irradiation time showed a significant increase in the end-of-synthesis activity from 1.33 GBq to 1.95 GBq for [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and from 1.13 GBq to 1.74 GBq for [68Ga]Ga-DOTA-TATE. Based on the improvements made, the liquid target production of 68Ga radiopharmaceuticals is feasible and reproducible to accommodate up to 5 patients per production. In addition, this work also discusses the issues encountered, together with the possible corrective and preventative measures. [Display omitted] • More than 1.7 GBq [68Ga]Ga-PSMA and [68Ga]Ga-DOTATATE is produced using liquid target. • Increasing the target solution's HNO 3 concentration and the irradiation time improves the End of Synthesis (EOS) yield. • Consistent production of 68Ga-radiopharmaceuticals can be achieved through proper maintenance and preventative measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high power [F-18] fluoride target package for the RDS-112 cyclotron has been designed, tested, and commercially deployed. The upgrade includes the CF-1000 target, a 1.3 kW water target with an established commercial history on RDS-111/Eclipse cyclotrons, and a redesigned collimator with improved heat rejection capabilities. Conjugate heat transfer analyses were employed to both evaluate the existing collimator capabilities and design a suitable high current replacement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]