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The purpose of this study was to quantify the total energy expenditure (TEE) of international female rugby union players. Fifteen players were assessed over 14 days throughout an international multi-game tournament, which represented two consecutive one-match microcycles. Resting metabolic rate (RMR) and TEE were assessed by indirect calorimetry and doubly labelled water, respectively. Physical activity level (PAL) was estimated (TEE:RMR). Mean RMR, TEE, and PAL were 6.60 ± 0.93 MJ·day−1 (1578 ± 223 kcal·day−1), 13.51 ± 2.28 MJ·day−1 (3229 ± 545 kcal·day−1), and 2.0 ± 0.3 AU, respectively. There was no difference in TEE (13.74 ± 2.31 (3284 ± 554 kcal·day−1) vs. 13.92 ± 2.10 MJ·day−1 (3327 ± 502 kcal·day−1); p = 0.754), or PAL (2.06 ± 0.26 AU vs. 2.09 ± 0.23 AU; p = 0.735) across microcycles, despite substantial decreases in training load (total distance: −8088 m, collisions: −20 n, training duration: −252 min). After correcting for body composition, there was no difference in TEE (13.80 ± 1.74 (3298 ± 416 adj. kcal·day−1) vs. 13.16 ± 1.97 (3145 ± 471 adj. kcal·day−1) adj. MJ·day−1, p = 0.190), RMR (6.49 ± 0.81 (1551 ± 194 adj. kcal·day−1) vs. 6.73 ± 0.83 (1609 ± 198 adj. kcal·day−1) adj. MJ·day−1, p = 0.633) or PAL (2.15 ± 0.14 vs. 1.87 ± 0.26 AU, p = 0.090) between forwards and backs. For an injured participant (n = 1), TEE reduced by 1.7 MJ·day−1 (−401 kcal·day−1) from pre-injury. For participants with illness (n = 3), TEE was similar to pre-illness (+0.49 MJ·day−1 (+117 kcal·day−1)). The energy requirements of international female rugby players were consistent across one-match microcycles. Forwards and backs had similar adjusted energy requirements. These findings are critical to inform the dietary guidance provided to female rugby players. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]