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A novel cross-sectional X-ray diffraction method was developed to evaluate crystal structures of multiwalled carbon nanotube (CNT) forests. Aligned degree of the graphene volume in the CNT forest could be quantified by this analysis. The domain sizes of the CNTs in the forests were estimated using a modified Scherrer's equation for bending multilayered graphene sheets. The statistical information of the crystal structure of the CNT forests including the degree of alignment, domain size, layer numbers, and interlayer spacing d002 will contribute to developing applications of CNT forests for devices and functional materials.

Intense green cathodoluminescence (CL) was obtained from zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructures prepared by a post-treatment of ZnO film deposited on a silicon (Si) substrate in a reducing gas ambient at a low temperature of 450 °C. The green emission peak was centered at around 500 nm with a CL luminance as high as 10580 Cd/m2 at an excitation voltage of 10 kV. The strong green emission was ascribed to the increase in the oxygen vacancies on the surface of the fluted hexagonal cone nanostructures formed on the ZnO film during the annealing process.