Search

As one of the most important components of transmission equipment in electric power field, power transformer bears the important task of energy conversion, power distribution and energy transfer. Because generated a huge force in transformer winding by its interior circuit excitation, it would be taken place easily to distortion, collapse and other damage of its structure, which brings a large safe and reliable problem. The lack of mechanical strength of the coil, which cannot withstand the sudden short-circuit current impact, led to the break of insulating layers, is one of the main causes in transformer failure. In this paper, it is discussed that theoretical and experimental study on mechanical force of transformer coil short circuit. According to the structural mechanics, the calculation of the contacted pressure between the coils is attained by building the contacted model. And the experimental system is been designed, which has a servo control system. Compared the theoretical and the Experimental data, the best accurate computed method for contacted pressure is obtained. It is helpful to improve the resistance ability for short circuit of transformer, and provide guarantee for the safe operation of the transformer.

In this paper, a two-stage optimization algorithm is proposed to simultaneously achieve the optimum structure and microstructure of lightweight cellular materials. Microstructure is assumed being uniform in macro-scale to meet manufacturing requirements. Furthermore, to reduce the computation cost, the design process is divided into two stages, which are concurrent design and material design. In the first stage, macro density and modulus matrix of cellular material are used both as design variables. Then, the optimum topology of macro-structure and modulus matrix of cellular materials will be obtained under this configuration. In the second stage, topology optimization technology is used to achieve a micro-structure of cellular material which is corresponded with the optimum modulus matrix in the earlier concurrent design stage. Moreover, the effectiveness of the present design methodology and optimization scheme is then demonstrated through numerical example.

Copper stripping machine is an alternative to traditional artificial device. It is one of the key parts of the stripping device. It realizes stripping the sponge copper from the surface of the sheet nickel and ensures the subsequent automation. This article has carried on the simulation by using ADAMS to the movement of device, and base on theory of fluid mechanics and calculates the vibratory force on sheet nickel. By analysis, under the current hoisting height, the device can effectively guarantee shaking off the sponge copper on the surface of the sheet nickel. The electrolyte flushing of sponge copper removal effect is not obvious.

To verify the resistance to moisture damage of warm mix rubber asphalt mixture, the splitting strength test of warm mix rubber asphalt mixture (WMRAC-13) was conducted under different immersion time and immersion temperature. Test results show that freeze-thaw splitting strength of warm mix rubber asphalt mixture meets the requirement of moisture stability. The immersion splitting strengths in 60°C and 4°C decline with the extension of immersion time. The immersion splitting strengths in 60°C decline faster than those in 4°C. The best fitting function of immersion splitting strengths with immersion time obeys second-order polynomial and power function respectively, and their correlations are the best. The inflection point of attenuation curves is 3th day and 20th day respectively.

Mechanical soil aeration is an easy, effective, and low-cost soil remediation technology; in particular, it is suitable for large sites contaminated by volatile chlorinated hydrocarbons (VCHs). Mechanical soil aeration encourages the volatilization of soil contaminants, but soil moisture, which reduces the amount of open pores, may hinder this process. The present study examined the remediation of silty soil containing 1,2-dichloroethane (1,2-DCA), chloroform (TCM), trichloroethylene (TCE), and tetrachloroethylene (PCE) using mechanical soil aeration and evaluated the influence of soil water content on the efficiency of the process. For artificially contaminated soil, the following conclusions were reached: (i) moisture undermines the volatilization of contaminants. When the soil water content increased from 5% to 20%, the residual concentrations of 1,2-DCA, TCM, TCE, and PCE in the soil increased from 0.08, 0.10, 0.09, and 0.48 mg/kg to 1.43, 0.81, 1.16, and 1.43 mg/kg, respectively. The effective diffusion coefficients also decreased from 1.88×10-2, 1.43×10-2, 1.88×10-2, and 1.30×10-2 cm2/s to 1.71×10-6, 1.30×10-6, 1.71×10-6, and 1.18×10-6 cm2/s, respectively. (ii) Residual contaminants are related to the octanol-water partition coefficient. The soil-water distribution coefficient of PCE was highest among the hydrocarbons (3.72), and the residual contaminants were mainly adsorbed on soil particles. The soil-water distribution coefficient of DCA was lowest (0.42), and the residual contaminants were mainly dissolved in the soil water.

A large number of harmonic is mainly produced by with the discrete variable frequency soft starter. The harmonic during the motor soft starting is characterized by the high energy consumption and signal interference. Therefore, harmonic analyzing and filtering of motor discrete variable frequency soft starter is presented in this paper to achieve low energy consumption and ensure the motor soft starting stably. The following works have been done in the study: introduce the reason of harmonics appearance, analyze the harmonic, and present the filtering approach. The motor soft starter developed with this filtering approach has been successfully applied to filter out harmonic and to improve the starting performance when the motors draw the heavy-loads. It saves energy, stabilize the voltage of the power supply network.

Palygorskite/polyacrylamide (PAM) composited thickeners were prepared via in-situ polymerization. To optimize the preparation, the dependence of the viscosity, rheological properties and electrolyte resistance of the composited thickeners on the initiator concentrations, sodium hydroxide concentrations and palygorskite contents was investigated. By measuring their dynamic rheological properties, thickening mechanism of composited thickeners was explored. The composited thickeners showed excellent electrolyte resistance which represented good synergistic effect of inorganic/organic composited thickener.

In order to prepare carboxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester (HBP-COOH), succinic anhydride was used to modify hydroxyl-terminated hyperbranched polyester (HBP-OH), and the influences of the solvents, catalysts and time on the product’s structure were investigated. When THF is used as the solvent, sodium acetate as the catalyst, the molar ratio of succinic anhydride and hydroxyl groups is 3:1, and the reaction time is 6 h at 65°C, the modification extent of the hydroxyl groups is about 99% with about 95% yield. HBP-COOH has much lower glass transition temperature than that of HBP-OH due to its long and flexible end-groups.

Poly (trimethylene terephthalate)/acrylonitrile-styrene-acrylic copolymer blends were prepared and their morphology, thermal aging and mechanical properties were investigated by using the polarized optical microscopy, universal material testing machine and color-difference meter, repectively. The results suggest that ASA and PTT are partially miscible in the blends, and when TPEE content is 50%, a bi-continuous phases form in the blend. The PTT’s spherulites in the blends become smaller and even microcrystallites with increasing ASA content. ASA component has good effect on toughen PTT by increasing blends’ impact strength but depresses the tensile strength of the blends. ASA has no influence on the thermal aging properties of PTT, and PTT/ASA blend has better thermal aging resistance than that of PTT/ABS blend.

The solubility of hexachlorobenzene in different solvents (hexachlorobutadiene, tetrachloroprene, benzene, toluene and chloroform) at different temperatures was measured by the dynamic laser method and equilibrium method. The measured solubility data were correlated with Apelblat empirical equation. The results show that the equation is suitable for description of the solubility data of hexachlorobenzene in the above solvents.

Greenhouse temperature control is a key factor which affects crop growth, and the traditional way of temperature regulation already cannot satisfy the requirements of modern greenhouse: high precision, rapid acquisition and response. The 32-bit EasyARM1138 single chip microcomputer is taken as the main control chip to implement multiple canopy temperature acquisition and control. AT89C52 single chip microcomputer is applied as assisted control chip to implement single greenhouse temperature control. DS18B20 digital temperature sensor is used to collect temperature information in the greenhouse. Through buttons, LCD monitor, GPRS SMS alarm module, and light alarm system with LED and buzzer sound to realize human-computer interaction. Through analyzing of the present condition of greenhouse environment, greenhouse temperature parameters are adjusted to achieve the requirements of crops growth and cultivation development to provide the most suitable temperature environment for crop growth, and increase crop yield and quality.

The B2O3-SiO2binary system has been thermodynamically reassessed with CALPHAD approach. The substitutional solution model is adopted for liquid. A set of self-consistent parameters capable of reproducing the corresponding experimental phase diagram data and subliquidus immiscibility data has been obtained.

Gushing water in deep well and roadway has become a crucial technique problem which threatens mining safety. Taking advantage of transient electromagnetic, high-density electrical method and a combination of geological analysis, drilling testing analysis, an analytical method for gushing source and path was proposed, and types of gushing water were sorted in light of the cause of formation and governing strategies. Each gushing characters were systematically studied, thus forming the corresponding governing key techniques. Governing methods and main qualification for surrounding rock safety were proposed, with a careful consideration of the surrounding rock safety during grouting. The achievements are widely used in Guotun coal mine in Juye coal field with success, which offers a reference for similar engineering.

Using a laser monitoring observation technique, the solubility of fructose diphosphate sodium in binary solvent of ethanol + water mixtures was experimentally measured in the temperature ranging from 298.15 K to 333.15 K at atmospheric pressure. The solubility of fructose diphosphate sodium increased with an increase of temperature and quality percentage of water. Experimental solubility data were correlated with semi-empirical models; and the calculated solubilities of fructose diphosphate sodium show good agreement with the experimental values.

The SiO2-ZrO2binary system has been thermodynamically assessed with CALPHAD approach. The substitutional solution model is adopted for liquid. A set of self-consistent parameters capable of reproducing the corresponding experimental phase diagram data and liquidus immiscibility data has been obtained.

While Wheat cultivation in Henan Institute of Education experimental field as tested materials, and C17 as the basic culture medium, we researched the influence of KT in different concentration on wheat anther dedifferentiation. The results show that added to 0.25mg / L of KT in the medium, wheat anther dedifferentiation was the best, and it had the best stability.

A large number of inductive loads need the reactive power, and the amount of the reactive power compensation is different in a state of work. The traditional static reactive power compensator is difficult to meet the needs of the reactive power compensation for the composite load reactive. Therefore, a dynamic reactive power compensation method of the composite power load is proposed in this paper. The following works have been done in the study: principle of dynamic reactive power compensation control method, topological structure of dynamic reactive power compensation device, and implementation of the dynamic reactive power compensation control method.

On the basis of successfully preparing nanozirconia coating via reasonable spraying technical parameters, the cross section and surface morphology of coating were determined by scan electron microscopy (SEM), and the ceramic particle sizes of coating were determined by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Experimental results indicate that plasma sprayed zirconia coating possesses typical layer structure of thermal spray coating, in which columnar grains pile up together. Meanwhile, the non-molten nanopowders coexist with the layer structure. In addition, the equiaxial grains exist in the zirconia coating according to TEM, but the grain size is not uniform.

The ore using in this paper was obtained from Hunan Province, China, which contains fluorite (15.65%), barite (48.42%), quartz (30.56%), sphalerite (0.57%), galena (0.54%) and other minerals. After fluorite-barite mixed flotation, fluorite-barite separation flotation, and anti-flotation of lead and zinc minerals, the fluorite concentrate with 97.35% CaF2 and barite concentrate with 95.49% BaSO4 was gotten. The recovery of the fluorite concentrate was 81.85% and the recovery, specific gravity, whiteness of the barite concentrate was 95.00%, 4.34g/cm3, 90.65%, respectively. This symbiotic ore can be comprehensive utilized by this beneficiation procedure.

Graded broken stone has good road performance and it gradually began to adopt in strengthening the domestic old road or the new road design, because it is the repose of aggregate materials ,can effectively prevent the occurrence of reflection cracking and has good bearing capacity. Graded broken stone material has obvious stress dependent characteristics and the stress strain curve is nonlinear variation. Stress state and its place in the structure of pavement layer, layer thickness and modulus of the structure are directly related. Therefore, the paper has analyzed the thickness of each layer in the design of reinforcement structure impacting on the grading macadam stress state.

Using self―made model device, researchers studied the characteristics of foundation settlement of sandy soil and pile foundation load―bearing in sandy soil. Through weight loading, researchers analyzed the phenomenon of foundation settlement. Then, researchers embedded friction piles in sand, so as to analyzed pile foundation bearing capacity. The methods and results of the research can provide guidance for teaching of Soil mechanics and foundation engineering.

The lateral jet interaction on a slender body with rudders in supersonic flow had been investigated by numerical simulation, when the lateral jet is not in the longitudinal symmetry plane. It was called Asymmetrical lateral jet interaction in this paper. The flow features of jet interaction flowfield on the surface of the body or in the space far from the surface at different angles of attack and total pressure of jet was analyzed. As a result, the lateral jet interaction disturbed the pressure distributions of the slender body, and it was divided into near-field interaction near jet and far-field interaction aft-body on the basis of distance to jet. With the variety of the angle of attack and total pressure of jet, the pressure distributions at the aft-body change tempestuously, thereby the normal and lateral load will be from positive to negative, or reverse. The results also showed that the far-field interaction played a major role in the lateral jet interaction on a slender body in supersonic flow. The far-field interaction was caused by the changing of the outflow direction and intensity. Besides, the force/moment amplification factors presented highly nonlinear with the variety of angle of attack and total pressure of jet.

The started motors are characterized by the low staring torque and large currents when the motors draw the heavy-loads. Therefore, a method of motor discrete variable frequency soft starting based on the variable reactance is presented in this paper [1,2]. According to the topological structure and working principle of motor discrete variable frequency soft starting based on the variable reactance, the simulation model of the system has been set up by the Matlab/Simulink tool. Simulation results show that the motor starters developed with this method have been successfully applied to the loads of the drive equipment in the kiln, coal grinding mill or the mine. It can improve the starting performance when the motors draw the heavy-loads., save energy, stabilize the voltage of the power supply network.

In order to understand the working position of the status of marine diesel oil unit in time, reducing the failure rate and improving fuel supply efficiency, Forcecontrol monitoring system based on PLC and Configuration Software is designed. The lower computer S7-200Smart PLC is collected the signal of the system such as temperature, pressure, viscosity and flow rate sensor periodically, by means of analyzing data, outputting a control signal to control the corresponding valves opening or closing as well as various types of motor start or stop status. A Forcecontrol monitoring configuration software is used as upper computer, to execute remote control and monitoring of the system.The system can realize video surveillance of field apparatus via the Forcecontrol configuration software without adding external devices and keeping high system integration, and achieve application innovation of Forcecontrol monitoring configuration software.

Due to high uncertainty and complexity, the flight test missions of the Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) are implemented with high risk. To mitigate the risk, many scholars have done a lot of researches to study the risk events in flight test. The different interrelations and the potential synergetic effects among the relevant risk events related to a decision make it a challenging issue to create explicit relationships of the risk events. Cross Impact Analysis (CIA) appeared as a methodological tool for dealing with this kind of complexity in the 1960’s. CIA can worked with other methodological approaches to increase its functionality. This article uses a method to generate important risk events and scenarios about what may happen in the future flight tests. In this method, Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM) is used to combined with CIA to improve the final forecasting. This scenarios-based method allows working with large sets of risk events and can detect critical risk events. The final results of the method can be represented by graphics. The practical implications of the proposed method are illustrated with an example.

The bus video monitoring system is composed by WCDMA transmission system, video server system, system monitoring center and outreach system. By WCDMA wireless transmission module achieving real time video data return, while using VPDN network technology. Using of the DVS video server and by WCDMA transmission system, the monitoring videos information will be transmitted to the monitoring center rapidly and in real time. The monitoring center can remotely monitor, manage, and dispatch the bus. The results demonstrating this system has good real time transmission ability.

The chief aim of this present work is to simulate a driveline of 2013 Formula Student electric race vehicle, in order to support the E-Motion Team (Aalen University, Germany) which will be attend to the race competition in Italy, to give previous results and also improving advises for next formula student generation. Due to the four competition events and powertrain system have been obtained, therefore the objective of this article is firstly to describe every detail of the driveline and different rules for every competition event, consequently researching the transmission calculation which is according to critical factors will be done during the second step. Furthermore with editing and loading the parameter into WINEVA programming, all the required simulation motion results were achieved. Moreover by changing different loading parameters, several critical factors will be pointed out. Finally based on the simulation results, some design and driving advises will be proposed for the next vehicle generation.

To avoid the defects of physical detection methods, such as road spoiling, complex algorithms and equipment maintenance, SVM (Support Vector Machine) and PHOW (Pyramid Histogram of Words) are explored to detect the traffic and road condition. Experimental results show that the average accuracies go beyond 82.5% in the case of different weather. The proposed method can effectively classify 4 types of traffic and road condition images.

Radiation characteristics and mutual coupling are the important factors to the integration design and arrangement for airborne antennas. And the study of them is significant to the EMC of airborne electronic systems. Therefore, by using UTD, a study of predicting the far field pattern of a monopole mounted on the fuselage of an aircraft is described, and the method of computing isolation between airborne antennas is referred to. Initially simple model of large airplane is given by the principle that configuration should be simplified while electromagnetic radiation characteristics should not be neglected. Furthermore, single order, two orders as well as higher orders ray tracing are discussed based on the basic modals such as cylinder, taper and flat. The analytical solution of ray tracing is given out when it exists. If the analytical solution of ray tracing doesnt exist, faster numerical searching method is recommended. Then shadow judgment is introduced briefly. Lastly programs are made, and the results are proved true by comparing them with relative referencesv [1].

The wear behavior of stator rubber in the natural medium of crude oil in oil-drilling screw pumps directly matters to its service life and sealing property. The premature failure of stator rubber is the main cause for the shortening life of screw pumps. In order to study the wear mechanism of NBR and FPM, a friction wear test was conducted at room temperature by using a MPV-600 micro-computer-controlling grain-abrasion testing machine, in which NBR, FPM and 45# steal pair are the testing subjects. SEM was afterwards employed to observe the surface topography before and after the rubber wear. The test result shows that at the constant low load, the wear extent of FPM increases in a stable, linear way when the rotor rotating speed increases, and the wear extent of NBR increases with the increasing speed of the rotor rotating speed. However, when the rotating speed is over 400r/min, the wear extent of NBR decreases instead. This might be attributed to the improvement of the local lubrication state on the friction surface. Much consistence is indicated in the changing rule of the friction coefficient of the two types of rubber and the changing wear extent with the rotating speed. At the constant, low rotating speed, the wear extent of NBR and FPM basically increases linearly, while the friction coefficient of NBR, FPM and steel pair decreases with the increasing load.

To solve the system overloading problem of sip protocol based on centralized monitoring and management system, we propose a new protocol system based on cross-regional stratification sip monitoring integrated management platform, it uses the automatic control technology, networking and communications technology, video / audio compression and transmission technology, sensors and integrated control technology and software engineering techniques. It is an integrated platform of biometrics, intelligent video analysis, anti-theft alarm techniques, 3G video management, valuables management, multifunction video and voice network, multimedia video services, and that it can be used with existing IP network, LAN, internet, 3G network, the telephone network. It is fully compatible and can be used with existing databases, monitoring systems, television networks for docking to achieve a variety of monitoring elements of centralized management, control and interaction. The innovative applications of CSS regional stratification mechanisms, ActiveX terminal buffering mechanism and VM resource allocation mechanism can provide users real-time information. And according to a variety of real-time information, it aggregated emergency solutions of the overall regional security or certain high-risk target key places of security.

In order to avoid the drawbacks of physical detection methods, such as spoiling the road, having complex algorithms and affected by weather factors, the detection methods of traffic and road condition are explored using the Adaboost algorithm and its three variants based on PHOG (pyramid histogram of edge orientation gradients) image feature. Experimental results show that this method can effectively classify 4 types of traffic and road condition images, and Gentle Adaboost algorithm has the best performance for the noisy samples.

A small adsorption tower was designed according to the principle of activated carbon adsorption, and the mathematical model was established at the same time. The length of the adsorbed layer, the static adsorption amount, the dynamic adsorption amount, the quality of activated carbon and the quantity of activated carbon adsorption tower were calculated and analyzed by simulation tests.

Preconditioning techniques have become established as a useful technique for optimizing accuracy and efficiency of CFD solutions over a range of flow conditions. Specifically, at low Mach numbers, it is well known that the standard physical time derivatives lead to an ill-conditioned system due to the stiffness between the acoustic and particle wave speeds, which in turn results in degraded convergence and inaccurate discretization. With preconditioning, the pseudo-time derivatives scale the acoustic speeds so that they remain well conditioned at all Mach numbers. A low-diffusion preconditioning Roe scheme by using an adjustable parameter in preconditioning Roe scheme to control the numerical dissipation and the adjustable parameter value rules are proposed. Numerical results show the efficiency of the new scheme and the low Mach/Reynolds number steady and unsteady solutions of viscous flow past a circular cylinder are satisfied.

The energy saving is the important principle of the future development of our country, reasonable and efficient use of resources in the industrial production has become increasingly concerned topic. This paper studies the industrial dryers in the washing system, through the analysis of flow field simulation, points out the existing dryers in the working process of the structure is unreasonable, inadequate energy utilization, etc. Based on flow field simulation, the internal structure optimization design of the dryer, the optimized flow field structure is more reasonable, dryer air in the dryer average velocity increased, thus improve the drying efficiency and energy saving.

TiC-TiB2 composite ceramics were successfully fabricated via planetary ball milling of 72 mass% Ti and 28 mass % B4C powders, followed by low temperature sintering process at 1200°C. The microstructure of the ball-milled powder mixtures and composite ceramics were characterized by Differential thermal analysis equipment (DTA), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the ball-milled powder mixtures (Ti and B4C powders) were completely transformed to TiC-TiB2 composite ceramics as the powders were milled for 60 h and sintered at 1200°C for 1 h. The formation mechanism of the TiC-TiB2 composite was discussed. The high energy ball milling and necessary sintering for the powder mixtures plays an important role in the formation of the composites.

Titanium diboride (TiB2), which is characterized by a high melting potin,high stiffness, good wear resistance, has good structural and thermodynamiccompatibility with Al2O3. In this paper, Al2O3-TiB2 composite ceramics wereeffectively synthesized by mechanical alloying(MA), planetary ball milling of 26.25wt.% B2O3, 30 wt.% TiO2, 33.75 wt.% Al and 10 wt.% Ni. The phase transformationafter different milling time was conducted by X-ray diffractometry(XRD). The XRDanalyses exhibited that the Al2O3-TiB2 composite was formed after 12h milling time(BPR:10/1 and rotational speed of vial: 500 rpm). The results indicate that increasingmilling time up to 60 h had no significant effect other than refining the crystallite size.

In order to study the injection property of diesel engine fuel injector, the three-dimension combustion model of TBD620 diesel engine is constructed on the AVL Fire software platform. A numerical simulation of the two injectors’ fuel injection process at different load conditions has been done. The influence on fuel and air mixing process is analyzed. The results show that the special injector has a good performance at low load, but the standard injector is more favorable for fuel and air fully mixing at high load.

The video detection technology is a very active branch in the research field of machine vision, and the detection of vehicle trajectory by the stationary camera has become more and more important. However, there is little research on the measurement error of left-turn vehicles trajectory.This paper not only studies the relationship between the measurement error and longitudinal distance; but also relationship of measurement error and transverse distance. Their mathematical models are constructed and each of the variables in the models is analyzed. Then in the case analysis of certain intersection, the experimental results have shown that the proposed funtions can describe the relationship between measurement error and the parameters. It can provide the theoretical support for the measurement error problems of obtaining trajectory by video detection.

A numerical investigation has been conducted to research the interaction flowfield of lateral jet not in the longitudinal symmetry plane on a slender body with rudders in supersonic flow. The surface and space flow features of jet interaction flowfield with different angles of attack was analyzed. The paper also compared with and without jet interaction flowfield characteristics. As a result, the jet interaction destroys pressure distributions of the slender body, and causes normal and lateral loads. With angle of attack, the pressure distributions of the after body and rudders surfaces are change tempestuously. The results also show that the far-field interference played a major role in the lateral jet interaction. Besides, the force/moment amplification factors present highly nonlinear with angle of attack.

Because of changes of the epoxy amount in syringe and air compressibility, the time-pressure dispensing has proven to be a challenging task in achieving a high degree of consistency in the dispensed liquid dots volume. Taking residual pressure and non-Newtonian fluid into consideration, a self-adaptive model of the dispensed liquid dots volume was developed for the whole dispensing process. Based on the liquid dots volume model, combined with the syringe air chamber volume prediction model, a time-pressure switch control method was put forward following the principle of time preference control. Numerical simulation has been conducted in the MATLAB using the conventional PI algorithm. Results show that the self-adaptive model can be very well response to the influences of air chamber volume changes to the dispensed liquid dots volume and the proposed control method can significantly improve the dots volume consistency.

The wear mechanisms of different graphite contents of NBR by 45# steel under dry sliding and water lubrication were investigated. On MPV-600 computer-controlled abrasive wear testing machine, the coefficients of friction were measured continuously. Results showed that under dry sliding condition, the rubber wear loss is big, the coefficient of friction is higher, the temperature of the friction surface is rise obviously. Wear loss and friction coefficient of NBR decrease with the increase of graphite contents; With the increase of graphite contents wear loss and the friction coefficient decreases, and is mainly due to the graphite lubrication performance and increase the stiffness of the rubber contact area. At low content of graphite, adhesive wear of NBR is showed, in the high content of graphite, abrasive wear is showed. Water lubrication condition, wear surface level off, the wear loss is very small, and the lubrication and cooling effect of water makes the friction coefficient decrease. Graphite content is higher, the wear loss and coefficient of friction is smaller.

The simulated annealing algorithm is applied on traveling salesman problem (TSP), which the genetic algorithm solving in while the earliness phenomena appear. Modeling and Simulation about TSP Based on Simulated Annealing Algorithm have been done. The simulation results have proved that the simulated annealing algorithm is better in searching in the global searching than the genetic algorithm.

In order to settle the problems in the test software developed by the traditional ways, such as poor universality, expansibility, and capability of upgrade and so on, an open software architecture of general ATS that framework, database and component is put forward in this paper, which on the basis of the framework and component technology, combined with the basic principle of the dynamic loading mechanism and database. This architecture can greatly simplify the test system structure, reduce the complexity of test system, and increase the inherent reliability. More importantly, it can be able to implement the technical upgrade and expansion of detection range without modifying the source code, and increase the flexibility and expandability of the general ATS effectively.

For the burst-type acoustic emission signal, time delay estimation of two sensors calculated by signal cross-correlation is not accurate, and it leads the source localization results is not also accurate. A new method is proposed to improve accuracy of source localization results based on multi-scale analysis and multi-sensors. Acoustic emission signal multi-scale analysis using wavelet transform, then the most accurate time delay is selected in sub-band of signal multi-scale analysis by multi-sensors time delay vector close rule. Finally, the simulation acoustic emission source localization experiment has high accuracy.

Shrinkage of semi-rigid materials like cement treated base subjected to thermal coupled with moisture has raised crack in semi-rigid base, which causes reflective crack in the asphalt concrete top layer. The deformation characteristics of cement treated base subjected to thermal coupled with moisture is researched through the strain acquired by the vibrating wire string gauge installed in the cement treated base while construction. And it is found that transverse deformation is larger than longitudinal strain which may raise greater stress in longitudinal direction as the restriction is stronger.

Calcium carbide Slag is one kind of industrial wastes from CaC2 hydrolysis reaction that will cause land pollution. In the research, calcium carbide Slag used as a substitute for limestone to produce cement clinker, which with a high portion of CaO content and then an excellent calcium containing raw material. As a kind of industrial wastes, the properties of Calcium carbide slag differentiate from that of natural limestone. The formation process of clinker minerals was studied by means of XRD. The results indicated that clinker minerals formation is similar to that from use of limestone. The generated clinker has a rational mineral composition and well developed mineral phase structure. But, there are many differences in decomposition temperatures between the calcium containing raw materials. Therefore, the carbide slag can be used as a substitute of limestone raw material to produce cement clinker.

Form grinding is one of the most efficient processes for finish machining of gear wheels. This paper investigates the method of system development for wheel modification of involute cylindrical gear based on SINUMERIK 840D system and its OEM development package. The control software developed for form grinding is applied to dress form grinding wheel by using the numerical control dresser, and normal projection is adopted as the method to calculate the sectional shape of grinding wheel. The friendly interface of control software, edited by Visual Basic was developed to meet needs of users. Finally, personalized interface and processing methods are integrated and embedded in Siemens CNC system through Dynamic Link Library to implement parameterized automatic processing, which is more efficient in programming and machining.

The traditional particle PHD filter only uses kinematic characters and parameters to measure,However,when the kinematic characters of targets are similar with each other (in distance,location,speed,acceleration,etc.) the weighted measurement will become more and more similar,so the tracks of targets will be closer and closer to each other.Eventually the tracks will mingle with each other and can not be distinguished,thus causing misjudgment and failing in achieving accurate tarcking.To solve such kind of target tracking problem,this paper proposes the particle PHD filter tracking algorithm based on multi-parameter assistance.That is,the target property information and parameters will be imported into the algorithm and the measurement difference is increased by calculating the combined likelihood value of the target property parameter and the kinetic character parameter,and then the combined likelihood value is used to update the particle PHD to filter miscellaneous waves and update multi-target State collection.The simulative analysis will enable the proposed algorithm to realize the short-distance multi-traget tracking and filtering in complex environment.